anatomy of scalp

Head and Neck SCALP Dr. Mohamed El Fiky

Eye brows

Superior nuchal lines and external occipital protuberance

Superior temporal lines

Temple

Temple

Temple

Scalp

Scalp

Definition: Is the soft tissue covering the vault of the skull. Extent: (1) Anteriorly: supraorbital margins. (2) Posteriorly: highest nuchal line. (3) On each side: superior temporal lines:

SCALP

1- s : skin 2- C : connective tissue 3- A : Apponeurosis (Epicranial ) and Occipitofrontalis Muscle 4- L : loose areolar connective tissue 5- P : Pericranium (Periosteum) (Subapponeurotic Space)

Face

Scalp

Temporal Fascia

Skin Connective tissue

Epicranial apponeuorosis

Epicranial Apponeurosis Superior temporal line

Third layer of scalp

Frontal Bellies

of Occipitofrontalis

Occipital Belly

Occipital Belly

Occiptal belly: Origin: Insertion: Nerve supply: Action: Lateral part of highest nuchal line Epicranial aponeurosis. Posterior auricular branch of facial nerve. Moves the scalp backwards. Frontal bellies (frontalis): Origin: Skin of the forehead (no bony attachment) Insertion: Epicranial ' aponeurois.

Parotid Gland

Temporal branch

of Facial nerve

Posterior Auricular

of Facial nerve

Facial Nerve

Nerve Supply of Occipitofrontalis Muscle : Frontal belly by : temporal branch of facial nerve Occiptal belly by : Posterior Auricular of Facial nerve

Frontal Bellies of

Occipitofrontalis

Corrugator Supercelli and

Procerus

Action of Occipitofrontalis Muscle A- Frontal belly : (1) Moves the scalp forwards. (2) Raises the eyebrows (surprise).

(3) Causes horizontal wrinkles in the skin of the forehead (Horror). B- occiptal belly : Moves the scalp backwards.

Skin Connective tissue

Epicranial apponeuorosis

Subapponeurotic space

Emmissary vein

Black Eye

Supraorbital artery

Supratrochlear artery

Superficial temporal

artery

Posterior auricular artery

Occipital artery

Arteries of the SCALP

External Carotid Artery

Maxillary Artery

Superficial Temporal Artery

Parotid Gland

The Zygomatic Arch Tragus

Superficial Temporal Vein Auriculo-temporal Nerve

Superficial temporal Artery

1- Transverse facial artery

3- Anterior auricular artery

2- Zygomatico-orbital artery

4- Middle Temporal artery

5- Anterior terminal branch

6- Posterior terminal branch

1- Superficial Temporal Artery

Arteries of the SCALP

Origin,: external carotid artery Termination : by dividing into 2 terminal branches ant. & post. Branches : 1- Transverse facial artery

2- Zygomatico-orbital artery

3- Anterior auricular artery

4- Middle Temporal artery

5- Anterior terminal branch

Veins of the SCALP

1- Superficial Veins

Lymph Drainage of the SCALP

Pre-auriculalr

Submandibular

Occipital

Nerve supply of the SCALP A- Motor Nerve supply of the SCALP

* Temporal branch of Facial nerve ( in front of the ear )

* Posterior Auricular of Facial nerve (in the back the ear )

B- Sensory Nerve supply of the SCALP

2- Supratrochlear Nerve

1- Supraorbital Nerve

3- Zygomatico-temporal Nerve

4- Auriculo-=temporal Nerve 4- Great Auricular Nerve

3- Lesser Occipital Nerve

1- Greater OccipitalNerve

2- Third Occipital Nerve

In front of ear Behind the ear

Parotid Gland

Temporal branch

of Facial nerve

Posterior Auricular

of Facial nerve

Facial Nerve

A- Motor nerve supply

B- Sensory Nerve supply of the SCALP

Supratrochlear Nerve

Supraorbital Nerve

Zygomatico-temporal Nerve

Auriculo-=temporal Nerve

A- In front of the ear

Great Auricular Nerve

Lesser Occipital Nerve

Greater Occipital Nerve

Third Occipital l Nerve

behind ear

Clinical Notes

Scalp Wound

Wounds of the scalp bleed profusely

Emmissary vein

Emmissary vein

Infection can be transmitted from scalp to dural sinuses through emissary veins