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An Overview on Population of PWDs in Malaysia
An Overview on Employment of PWDs in Malaysia
Legal Framework and National Policies for PWDsand Employment in Malaysia
Programmes and Initiatives by the MalaysianGovernment
Challenges and Strategies
No. Race %
1. Bumiputera 68.6%
2. Chinese 23.4%
3. Indian 7.0%
4. Others 1.0%
5. Non-Citizen 10.3%
3
MALAYSIA
3
Population:
31.7 million
(2016)
Source: Department of Statistics, Malaysia
TYPE OF DISABILITIES
NUMBERS PERCENTAGE
Physical 134,405 34.5%
Learning 137,481 35.3%
Hearing 30,894 7.9%
Visual 34,925 9.0%
Speech 1,977 0.5%
Mental 31,591 8.1%
Multiple 18,080 4.6%
TOTAL : 389,353 100%
Statistics on PWD’s(As At June 2016)
<67-12
13-1819-21
22-3536-45
46-59>60
11,936
51,227 49,798
20,768
77,424
50,855
74,867
52,491
DEFINITION OF
PERSONS WITH
DISABILITIES (PWDs)
“Persons with
disabilities include
those who have long
term physical,
mental, intellectual or
sensory impairments
which in interaction
with various barriers
may hinder their full
and effective
participation in
society“
Source : Persons With Disabilities Act 2008
PWD’S REGISTRATION ACCORDING TO AGE GROUP
Estimated PWDs in the working age population is 000000
UNTAPPED RESOURCES: MALAYSIAN SCENARIO
31,700,000
389,353
Registered PWDs against Total Population
Population Registered PWDs
NO CATEGORY GENDER TOTAL
M F
1 PWDs 663 305 968
2 Elderly 140 32 172
3 Single Mothers 12 171 183
4 Housewives 0 71 71
5 Destitute People 1 0 1
1,395
Source: Jobs Malaysia (1/1/2016 – 15/10/2016)
OVERVIEW OF EMPLOYMENT OF THE DISADVANTAGED PEOPLE IN MALAYSIA
ILO Convention 159 & Recommendation 169
The recommendation provides that “where possible and appropriate”, socialsecurity schemes should provide, or contribute to the organization, developmentand financing of training, placement and employment (including shelteredemployment programmes and vocational rehabilitation services for disabledpersons, including rehabilitation counseling.
Malaysian Employment Social Security Act 1969 / SJSN Act 2004
Section 40 (1)
The Organization may, in addition to the scheme of benefits specified in this Act,promote measures or co-operate with existing institutions for the improvementof the health, occupational safety and welfare of insured persons and for therehabilitation and re-employment of insured persons who have been disabled orinjured and may incur in respect of such measures expenditure from the funds ofthe Organization within such limits as may be prescribed by the Minister.
LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR EMPLOYMENT
8
NATIONAL POLICIES AND LEGISLATION FOR PWDS
• Double Tax Deductions (Income Tax Act 1967)
• Double Deduction For Expenditure Incurred in Training Any Disabled Person who is not an employee of the company with the aim of enhancing prospects of employment
• Exemption from Sales Tax for Supporting Equipment or Assistive Devices Classified as Medical & Educational Equipment
• Assistance Allowance for the PWDs
• Start-up Grant for Small Entrepreneur
• Business Enhancement Assistance Scheme (BEAS) for PWDs
MALAYSIAN GOVERNMENT INCENTIVES
PROGRAMMES AND INITIATIVES
CB
R
Pri
vate
co
mp
anie
s
NG
Os
Dep
art.
of
soci
al…
Dep
art.
of
Ed
uca
tio
n
Dep
art.
of
Lab
ou
r
Stu
den
ts/r
ese
arch
ers
SO
CS
O
Min
istr
y o
f H
ealt
h
656
300254
338
117 9834 17
54
No. of Job Coaches Up to Dec 2015
485
No. of PWD’s Employed under Job Coach Service
Total: 1, 868
SAME JOB SAME EMPLOYER
SIMILAR JOB SAME EMPLOYER
DIFFERENT JOB SAME EMPLOYER
SAME JOB DIFFERENT EMPLOYER
SIMILAR JOB DIFFERENT EMPLOYER
DIFFERENT JOB DIFFERENT EMPLOYER
SELF EMPLOYMENT
RETURN TO WORK HIERARCHY
• Multi tasking
• Lack of experience
• Lack of vocational skills
• Lack of self confidence
• Insecure
• Lack of confidences
• Lack of experience
• Lack of knowledge
Employers Parents
Job CoachPerson
with Disabilities
CHALLENGES & STRATEGIES
• Frictional : temporary Unemployment when moving from one job to
another
• Structural: Unemployment due to mismatch between location of jobs
and location of job seekers
• Cyclical : Unemployment due to recession
• Technological : Unemployment due to replacement of workers by
machines
• Seasonal : Unemployment because Occupation not in demand at
certain season
• Disability : Unemployment due to injuries or diseases
Case Management Approach Replicable to Different Unemployment Categories
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO UNEMPLOYMENT
Restrictive rules and regulations relating to training or employment.
Work practices which are impossible for people with certain disabilities to observe.
Inaccessible Workplaces.
The assumptions, often negative which employers and others make about the abilities and working capacity of PWDs.
BARRIERS IN EMPLOYMENT OF PWDS
Insured persons motivation on compensation.
Stigma from employers (particularly stereotyped diseases).
Dependency on foreign workers.
Poor infrastructure (public transportation).
Inaccessible environment.
Disclosure issues.
CHALLENGES
Partnership with employers.
Partnership with agencies (Department of Labour) and associations.
Coordination with case managers.
Coordination & good relationship with insured person/ family members.
Natural support for retention of workers.
Marketing strategies
SUCCESS FACTORS
Cost of exclusion
• Loss of excluding PWDs from the labour market is enormous
• Cost of benefits & welfare services are large and growing group is high and has become unaffordable in many countries.
Social Security Organisation of Malaysia
“The social exclusion of persons with disabilities in Malaysia entailed an estimated loss to the GDP of between US $1.18 and US $1.68 billion”. (Khor, 2002, Employment of Persons with Disabilities, Social-Economic & Environmental Research Institute, Vol. 4(3):4 – 7)
Cost of exclusion
• Countries are beginning to recognize that by opening opportunities for PWDs in the labour market, this cost can be significantly reduced
• Employees with injuries/illnesses can live independently and
contribute to the national economy.
Social Security Organisation of Malaysia
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