an in situ sensor of phytoplankton community structure based on light absorption
Post on 31-Dec-2015
13 Views
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
An An in situin situ Sensor of Sensor of Phytoplankton Community Phytoplankton Community Structure Based on Light Structure Based on Light
AbsorptionAbsorption
Gary Kirkpatrick, David Millie, Gary Kirkpatrick, David Millie, Steven Lohrenz, Mark Moline, Steven Lohrenz, Mark Moline,
Ian Robbins and Oscar SchofieldIan Robbins and Oscar Schofield
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation– Biological Sciences DirectorateBiological Sciences Directorate– Ocean Sciences DivisionOcean Sciences Division
National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration– ECOHABECOHAB– MERHABMERHAB– Sea GrantSea Grant
Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation CommissionCommission– Florida Fish and Wildlife Research InstituteFlorida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute
Office of Naval ResearchOffice of Naval Research
Finding, Tracking and Finding, Tracking and Mapping Harmful AlgaeMapping Harmful Algae
Our Approach to HAB Detection, Our Approach to HAB Detection, Tracking and MappingTracking and Mapping
Based on Based on in situin situ particulate absorption particulate absorption spectraspectraOriginally, analysis by similarity of 4Originally, analysis by similarity of 4thth derivative spectraderivative spectraMost recently, multiple species regression Most recently, multiple species regression analysis (after Stæhr and Cullen) analysis (after Stæhr and Cullen)
Advantages Over (traditional) Advantages Over (traditional) Microscopic EnumerationMicroscopic Enumeration
Readily automated – minimal human Readily automated – minimal human involvementinvolvement
Good spatial and temporal coverageGood spatial and temporal coverage
Less weather dependentLess weather dependent
EconomicalEconomical
This PresentationThis Presentation
Single-species SimilaritySingle-species Similarity– laboratory to autonomous field applicationlaboratory to autonomous field application
Multiple-species Community CompositionMultiple-species Community Composition– laboratory to field trialslaboratory to field trials
FO
Spectrometer
Light Source
LWCCFO
ReferenceWater
Cross-flow Filter
Valve
Cleaning Solutions
Pump
Valve Valve
Optical Phytoplankton DiscriminatorOptical Phytoplankton Discriminator(OPD)(OPD)
Ch
l cC
hl b
ph
cob
ilin
Laboratory Class ComparisonsLaboratory Class Comparisons
Shipboard Underway HAB DetectionShipboard Underway HAB Detection
OPD Map of HABOPD Map of HAB
0.25
0.315
0.38
0.445
0.51
0.575
0.64
0.705
0.77
0.835
0.9
-83.4 -83.2 -83 -82.8 -82.6 -82.426.6
26.8
27
27.2
27.4
27.6
Karenia brevis Cell Count
(cells l-1
)
0 to 20,000
20,000 to 200,000
200,000 to 368,000
368,000 to 670,000
670,000 to 1,421,000
Sarasota
TampaBay
Karenia brevisSimilarity Index
OPD-equipped VehiclesOPD-equipped Vehicles
REMUS – Propeller Driven
Glider – Buoyancy Driven
BreveBuster Payload
BSOP Vertical Profiler
Launch
Before Dive
Gliding
OPD-equipped Glider Surveying HABOPD-equipped Glider Surveying HAB
Mission Track& Satellite Image
Resulting Red Tide Distribution
Glider Mission - Sep 28, 2004 – Oct 7, 2004Glider Mission - Sep 28, 2004 – Oct 7, 2004
Karenia brevisKarenia brevis Similarity Contours Similarity Contours
-83.05 -83 -82.95 -82.9 -82.85 -82.8 -82.75 -82.7-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
-0.35
-0.25
-0.15
-0.05
0.05
0.15
0.25
0.35
Fitting Multiple ClassesFitting Multiple Classes
Least squares, multiple regression analyses (after Least squares, multiple regression analyses (after Stæhr and Cullen, 2003).Stæhr and Cullen, 2003).
Optimization/reduction algorithm to minimize Optimization/reduction algorithm to minimize computational load.computational load.
Laboratory Species MixesLaboratory Species MixesOPD OPD vsvs CHEMTAX CHEMTAX
Gyrodinium instriatum
y = 1.1951x - 11.348
R2 = 0.5241
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0
Chlorophyll a calculated by CHEMTAX
Ch
loro
ph
yll
a ca
lcu
late
d b
y B
reve
Bu
ster
GI
Linear (GI)
Tetraselmis impellucida
y = 0.8859x + 0.2528
R2 = 0.7526
050
100150200250300350400450500
0.0 100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0 500.0
Chlorophyll a calculated by CHEMTAX
Ch
loro
ph
yll
a ca
lcu
late
d b
y B
reve
Bu
ster
TI
Linear (TI)
Karenia brevis
y = 0.8809x + 5.3908
R2 = 0.8816
0102030405060708090
100
0.0 50.0 100.0 150.0
Chlorophyll a calculated by CHEMTAX
Ch
loro
ph
yll
a ca
lcu
late
d b
y B
reve
Bu
ster
KB
Linear (KB)
Dactyliosolen fragilissimus
y = 0.2787x + 4.9817
R2 = 0.0092
0123456789
10
-1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
Chlorophyll a calculated by CHEMTAX
Ch
loro
ph
yll
a ca
lcu
late
d b
y B
reve
Bu
ster
DF
Linear (DF)
Multiple Class LibraryMultiple Class Library
Species Source Division Class IDTrichodesmium sp. Rutgers Univ, IMCS Cyanophyta Cyanophyceae Cyn_cyan_1Dunaliella tertiolecta Rutgers Univ, IMCS Chlorophyta Chlorophyceae Chl_chlo_1Emilinia huxleyi Rutgers Univ, IMCS Haptophyta Prymnesiophyceae Hap_prym_1Skeletonema costatum Rutgers Univ, IMCS Heterokonta Bacillariophyceae Het_baci_1Thalassira weissflogii Rutgers Univ, IMCS Heterokonta Bacillariophyceae Het_baci_2Phacodactylum tricronutumRutgers Univ, IMCS Heterokonta Bacillariophyceae Het_baci_3Prorocentrum minimum Rutgers Univ, IMCS Dinophyta Dinophyceae Din_dino_1Heterosigma akashiwo Rutgers Univ, IMCS Heterokonta Raphidophyceae Het_Raph_1Tetraselmis sp. Rutgers Univ, IMCS Chlorophyta Prasinophyceae Chl_Pras_1Isochrysis galbana Rutgers Univ, IMCS Haptophyta Prymnesiophyceae Hap_prym_2Karenia brevis Mote Marine Lab Dinophyta Dinophyceae Kb_041111
Library Standard SpectraLibrary Standard Spectra
Absorbance Fourth Derivative
Natural Community ClassesNatural Community ClassesOPD Chl OPD Chl aa vsvs CHEMTAX Chl CHEMTAX Chl aa
Prymnesiophyceae Component
y = -0.2215x + 1.7612R2 = 0.0283
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
0 1 2 3
CHEMTAX Chl a (ug/l)
OP
D C
hl a
(u
g/l)
Cyanophyceae Component
y = 0.3083x - 0.0391R2 = 0.0374
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
CHEMTAX Chl a (ug/l)
OP
D C
hl a
(u
g/l)
Bacillariophyceae Component
y = 0.4301x + 0.6429R2 = 0.4447
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
CHEMTAX Chl a (ug/l)
OP
D C
hl a
(u
g/l)
Chlorophyceae Component
y = -0.2451x + 0.8897R2 = 0.4847
0
1
2
3
4
5
0 1 2 3 4 5
CHEMTAX Chl a (ug/l)
OP
D C
hl a
(u
g/l)
Dinophyceaea Component
y = 0.4673x - 0.1295R2 = 0.2792
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 2 4 6 8 10
CHEMTAX Chl a (ug/l)
OP
D C
hl a
(ug
/l)
Total Chlorophyll a
y = 0.9837x - 0.406R2 = 0.5101
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
CHEMTAX Chl a (ug/l)O
PD
Ch
l a (
ug
/l)
DiscussionDiscussion
Initial results encouraging.Initial results encouraging.
Library of ‘standard’ species incomplete!Library of ‘standard’ species incomplete!
Libraries need to be regional.Libraries need to be regional.
Culture ID and condition are critical!!Culture ID and condition are critical!!– Garbage in, garbage out!Garbage in, garbage out!
top related