amersham and hazlemere health presentation - dr chris levy - 24 may 2015
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Deaths by cause in women, United Kingdom 2010
Coronary heart disease (12%)
Stroke (10%)
Other cardiovascular disease (9%)
Respiratory disease (14%)
Breast cancer (4%)
Lung cancer (5%)
Colo-rectal cancer (3%)
Other cancers (14%)
Injuries and poisoning (3%)
Diabetes (1%)
All other causes (24%)
Deaths by cause in men, United Kingdom 2010
Coronary heart disease (17%)
Other cardiovascular disease (8%)
Stroke (7%)
Lung cancer (7%)
Colo-rectal cancer (3%)
Diabetes (1%)
Other cancers (21%)
Respiratory disease (13%)
Injuries and poisoning (5%)
All other causes (18%)
Your amazing heart!
Your heart beats:
Approximately 72 beats a minute!
100,000 times per day!
38 million times a year!
2.5 billion times by the time you’re 70!
Your heart pumps:
70 mls per heartbeat!
5 litres per minute.
7,200 litres per day! almost 700,000 gallons
2,628,000 litres per year
184,086,000 litres by the time someone is 70 years old
Coronary artery disease
Most common cause of death in Western countries
Angina, heart attack
Atherosclerosis starts in childhood and is progressive
Symptoms usually later life
Symptoms related to area of blockage, eg PVD
Country Prevalence No. of People
England 6.0 2 703 044
Northern Ireland 5.3 79 072
Scotland 5.6 252 599
Wales 6.7 173 299
Prevalence of Diabetes in UKTotal in UK 3.2 million
Cholesterol
Found ONLY in animal foods
None in fruits, grains, buts, vegetables
Synthesized by the liver
Cholesterol unnecessary in human diet
Dietary consumption raises blood levels
Increased blood levels increases risk of CAD, CVA
Cholesterol in Foods (in mg/3oz)
Fruit 0 Chicken 82
Nuts 0 Beef 80
Grains 0 Sardines 120
Ice cream 29 Shrimp165
Whole milk 33 Egg 213
Tuna 26 Beef liver 410
P/S ratio in foods
Fish 1.80 Walnut (b) 10.33
Turkey 0.87 Pecan 3.08
Chicken 0.76 Almond 2.21
Butter 0.11 Cashew 0.86
Cheese 0.09 Palm oil 0.20
Beef 0.09 Coconut 0.01
Effectiveness of preventive measures
Preventive Measure Risk Reduction
Stop smoking 50-75% in 5 yrs
Reduce cholesterol 2-3% each 1%
Regular exercise 45%
Maintain ideal weight 35-55% if 20%o/w
Reduce blood pressure 2-3% each 1mm
Definitions
Stage 1 hypertension:• Clinic blood pressure (BP) is 140/90 mmHg or higher and• ABPM or HBPM average is 135/85 mmHg or higher.
Stage 2 hypertension: • Clinic BP 160/100 mmHg is or higher and• ABPM or HBPM daytime average is 150/95 mmHg or higher.
Severe hypertension: • Clinic BP is 180 mmHg or higher or• Clinic diastolic BP is 110 mmHg or higher.
Background
High Blood Pressure:
• Major risk factor for stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, cognitive decline and premature death.
• Untreated hypertension can cause vascular and renal damage leading to a treatment-resistant state.
• Each 2 mmHg rise in systolic blood pressure associated with increased risk of mortality:– 7% from heart disease – 10% from stroke.
Epidemiology
• Hypertension is common in the UK population.
• Prevalence influenced by age and lifestyle factors.
• 25% of the adult population in the UK have hypertension.
• 50% of those over 60 years have hypertension.
• With an ageing population, the prevalence of hypertension and requirement for treatment will continue to increase.
Hypertension Risk factors
Age Kidney disease
Family history Endocrine
Obesity Alcohol
Lack of exercise Medications
Diet
Hypertension complications
Stroke Kidney disease
Congestive heart failure Disease of retina
AMI Sudden death
Atheroclerosis Cognitive
Aneurysm rupture
Treatment - HTN
Lifestyle Stop smoking
Plant based diet Alcohol elimination
Reducing stress Prayer
Weight loss Reducing salt intake
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