american history. grenville and the sugar act french and indian war left britain with large war...
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CH. 4-1 THE ROAD TO REVOLUTION
AMERICAN HISTORY
BRITAIN PASSES NEW LAWS GRENVILLE AND THE SUGAR ACT French and Indian War left Britain with
large war debt Colonists thought British troops were there
to intimidate them British PM George Grenville decided the
colonists should directly pay for troops Grenville decided to tax the colonies to
raise money
Sugar Act Tax on sugar and molasses imported
from the French and West Indies Northern merchants feared the tax
would hurt the rum industry “No taxation without representation”
THE STAMP ACT BRINGS PROTESTS Stamp Act 1765 Required a government stamp on all
legal documents, such as contracts and licenses
Newspapers, almanacs, and even printed sermons and playing cards had to have official stamps
First direct tax on American people
Rep. Patrick Henry (VA) said colonists should only pay taxes voted on by the people of VA
Stamp Act Congress (October 1765) Parliament did not have the right to tax “Sons of Liberty” organized protests Group originally made up of unskilled
workers, artisans, and small farmers Merchants and lawyers joined Women joined as Daughters of Liberty
Boycotts organized British merchants asked Parliament to
repeal the Stamp Act Quartering Act (1765)—colonists must
find quarters, or living space, for British troops stationed in America
TOWNSHEND ACTS 1767—Minister Charles Townshend
proposed a tax on lead, paint, paper, glass, and tea that were imported from Great Britain
Writs of Assistance—gave soldiers the right to search colonial homes for smuggled goods—without a warrant
This violated a person’s right to privacy
THE COLONISTS RESPOND Colonists formed groups against
importation Most of the Townshend Acts repealed in
March 1770
THE BOSTON MASSACRE Seeing British troops on city streets
reminded colonists of British control
March 5, 1770—A crowd of colonists began throwing snowballs at the sentry guarding the customs house
British soldiers were brought in to help Workers taunted the soldiers—known as
redcoats—calling them “lobster scoundrels”
Someone shouted “FIRE” British soldiers opened fire
5 people were killed including an African American sailor named Crispus Attucks (potential leader of the colonists)
This event called the Boston Massacre Colonists called it an intentional attack
on civilians Soldiers were put on trial for murder but
released Troops moved out of Boston
Samuels Adams introduced “Committees of Correspondence”
Spread the news of British injustices from colony to colony
THE TEA ACT AND THE INTOLERABLE ACTS
The Tea Act caused the Boston Tea Party on December 16, 1773
INTOLERABLE ACTS --closed the port of Boston --gave the royal governor more power in MA --imposed rules for quartering soldiers
THE QUEBEC ACT --expanded the province of Quebec south to
the Ohio River & west to the Mississippi River
--The Roman Catholic Church would be legal and French Catholics were guaranteed their rights
Colonists alarmed Settling on the western frontier would
be limited
THE FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS September 1774 – Philadelphia, PA Patrick Henry, George Washington, John &
Samuel Adams, John Jay Each colony would have 1 vote during the
Congress “The distinctions between Virginians,
Pennsylvanians, New Yorkers, and New Englanders are no more. I am not a Virginians but an American” – Patrick Henry
Colonists realized that had to work together
Declaration of Rights --accepted Parliament’s right to
regulate trade --called for the removal of British troops --repeal of taxes and the Intolerable
Acts Congress agreed not to import or use
British goods
--stopped exporting goods to Britain --created “minuteman”—colonial
soldiers ready to resist British attacks with short notice.
Congress agreed to meet again in the Spring of 1775
THE BATTLES OF LEXINGTON AND CONCORD Minutemen in MA were drilling and
stockpiling weapons and gunpowder. British General Thomas Gage was
becoming more hostile toward the colonists
April 1775—King George III ordered Gage to arrest colonial leaders—especially Samuel Adams and John Hancock—and capture colonial gunpowder and weapons
Gage planned a surprise attack on the night of April 18, 1775
At 10:00 pm, 700 British troops crossed the Charles River in small boats and set out for Concord
SPREADING THE ALARM Ride of Paul Revere and William Dawes
LEXINGTON AND CONCORD Militia was waiting for the British at
Lexington 70 minutemen vs. 700 British redcoats British leader Major Pitcairn shouted at
the colonists: “Ye villains, ye rebels, disperse!”
A shot rang out from somewhere on the Lexington green
8 minutemen were killed No one is sure who fired the first shots
of the Revolutionary War – Colonists or British
Minutemen were more successful at Concord
British casualties far greater than colonial casualties
THE SHOT HEARD ‘ROUND THE WORLD July 4, 1837—Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote
a poem for the dedication of the Battle Monument at Concord
Emerson wrote: “Here once the embattled farmers stood/And fired the shot heard ‘round the world.”
THE END
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