american government
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American Government
The Balance of
Freedom and Order
FREEDOMORDER
JEFFERSONIAN MADISONIAN
1791
ORDERThe
ConstitutionThe Declaration
OfIndependence
WHAT IS THE MAIN PURPOSE OF GOVERNMENT?
To maintain the balance of freedom and order!
CORE PRINCIPLES
CIVIC VIRTUE
A person looks out for the
common good
POPULAR SOVEREIGNITY
The people are the highest authority;
“We the people, ….”
REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY
REPUBLIC
We elect leaders to speak on our behalf
PLURALISM Diversity
We ARE a nation of Immigrants!
People are allowed and encouraged to be different
NATURAL RIGHTSInalienable Rights
Rights for all humans at birthJohn Locke (1600s) :
Life, Liberty, and Property you are born with these
rights
1948 UN passed the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights which officially extended natural
rights to all
SOCIAL CONTRACT The government will
protect the rights of the people and the people will obey
the government’s laws.
Contract/Agreement that must be
JUST AND MUTUAL
CORE DOCUMENTS
Declaration of Independence
Written by Thomas Jefferson on July 3, 1776 The USA formally
expressed their status as a free and independent state, no longer colonies of Great Britain
Articles of Confederation
Original explanation of the government and law before the Constitution was
adoptedSupreme law from
1781-1789
CONSTITUTION:Fundamental law and
structure of the US government. Framed 1787, ratified 1789
amended variously since.
***Treason only crime dealt with in
original!
BILL OF RIGHTS
First 10 amendments to the Constitution, added in 1791 to protect certain
essential rights to citizens.
FEDERALIST PAPERS
Series of essays written by
supporters of ratification of the Constitution to
convince others of its worth.
6 Goals of ConstitutionTo form a more perfect union
Establish justice
Ensure domestic tranquility
Provide for the common defense
Promote the general welfare
Secure the blessings of
liberty
3 Branches of
WHY DID THE FOUNDING FATHERS
SEPARATE THE POWERS OF
GOVERNMENT?
Legislative Branch of Government BICAMERAL
SENATE AND HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
State Representatives… Serve 2 year terms Qualifications???
a. at least 25 years old b. a US citizen for 7 yearsc. reside in state elected from
435 members Representation based on state population
http://www.legis.state.pa.us/WU01/VC/visitor_info/our_house/who.htm
serve 6 year terms Qualifications???:
a. at least 30 years old b. US citizen for 9 yrs c. must live in state
elected from 50 members
State Senate
Can you name the 2 PA State Senators?
Pat Toomey and Robert Casey Vice President
How does a bill become a law?Let’s watch this short and find
out!http://www.teachertube.com/view_video.php?viewkey=4bd0cf05c37c246f215fSo, let’s talk about the process of a
bill becoming law…
CONGRESSIONAL POWERSMakes Laws
Establish budgetDeclare war
ImpeachApprove presidential
appointments Ratify Treaties
Executive Branch of Government
Electoral College (NOT Popular Vote)
Qualifications??? a. 35 years old b. Natural born citizen c. live in the US for 14
consecutive years
The Cabinet Can you
name any members ofThe currentCabinet???
Who assists the president in the decision making process?
The Vice PresidentJoe Biden
Department ofHomeland Security
Secretary Jeh Johnson
Department of State Secretary John Kerry
Department of Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel
Department of the Treasury
Secretary Jack Lew
Power & Responsibilities of the President
Chief Executive--enforce laws Commander in Chief of Military Controls US Foreign Policy Indirect legislative powers
(suggestions…influence) Indirect Judicial Powers
(Appoints Justices) Chief of State
What qualifications doYOU think a future
president should have?
Judicial Branch of Government
INNOCENT UNTIL PROVEN GUILTY!
9 members of the Supreme Court Currently Appointed Judges:
CHIEF JUSTICE -- John Roberts Clarence Thomas Antonin Scalia Anthony M. Kennedy Ruth Bader Ginsburg Sonia Sotomayor Stephen Breyer Samuel Alito Jr Elena Kagan
Establish Uniformity in the law (Between States)
Address a relevant issue (Constitutionality of laws and their implementation)
Judicial Review: 1803 Allows the Supreme Court to
declare laws or executive actions unconstitutional or illegal
Habeas Corpus:“Bring the body”one CAN NOT be held in jail WITHOUT a BODY of EVIDENCE presented against them
Do you know of any famous Supreme Court decisions?
Serve life terms to remove them from
campaigning (Constitution over popularity)
When does a president assume more control of the government and the system of checks and balances becomes suspended?
War or State of Disaster
CIVIL LIBERTIES/RIGHTS
Rights or privileges guaranteed to United States Citizens under the
Constitution
1st Amendment - Freedom of…
SPEECHIncludes expression
and lifestyleRELIGIONProtects minority
religionsPRESSAn informed public
is better able to make decisions
Private citizens can own guns
2nd AmendmentThe Right to Bear Arms
Protects againstunjust arrestillegal searches or seizuresexcessive bail
Police need a warrant unless there is a probable cause
*** Different rules in SCHOOL!!!
4th Amendment
Due Process “Innocent until proven guilty”
Protects the rights of the ACCUSED
No Self-IncriminationRight to an AttorneyRight to a speedy, public trial
5th and 6th Amendments Establish Due Process
Protects against excessive use of powerNo Cruel or Unusual punishment
No torture!
8th Amendment
What is cruel or unusual punishment???
CIVIC RESPONSIBILITIES1. TAXES:
LOCAL property taxes Police, sewage, community events, etc. 85% funds education
STATE- communication/transportation systems, state parks/reserves/police, recreation,higher education (state schools), prison system
FEDERAL-Defense: FBI, CIA, Armed Forces Welfare, salaries of gov’t employees,
national parks
2. POLITICAL PARTICIPATION & VOTING Apathy is the enemy of
democracy Why do people choose not to
vote?
3. ABIDE BY LAWS: What laws do we break? What laws do we view as flexible?
4. MILITARY SERVICE:DraftOR
VolunteerOR
Conscientious Objector
5. Volunteer: Freedom from heavy government
civic virtue=participation and support
Virtuous Institutions Religious Institutions Volunteer firemen Red Cross
ACTIVISM METHODS:
Speeches Editorial letters Songs Demonstrations
Marches and Boycotts Terrorist attack Revolution Mutiny Riot Strike/Work Struggle
Famous American Activists: Martin Luther King, Jr. Eleanor Roosevelt Woody Guthrie Harriet Tubman Upton Sinclair Dorothea Lange Thomas Nast John Muir Cesar Chavez Mary “Mother” Jones John Scopes Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B.
Anthony
ACTIVIST ORGANIZATIONS KKK ADL Nat’l Org. of Women Sierra Club Black Panther Party SNCC PETA ACLU NAACP Amnesty International Christian Coalition
Bill of Rights 2nd Amendment: The Right to Bear Arms
Citizens may own guns 3rd Amendment: Prohibits quartering troops
Gov’t may not require citizens to house US troops
7th Amendment: Juries for civil trials Trials between private parties include juries
9th Amendment: Unenumerated Rights People have rights that are not expressly listed
10th Amendment: Reserved Powers Powers not delegated to Federal gov’t are
reserved to the states
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