alternate assessments and school reform:
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Alternate Assessments and Alternate Assessments and School Reform:School Reform:
The Apple, The Serpent, or Eve?
What Do Alternate Assessments What Do Alternate Assessments have to do with School Reform? have to do with School Reform?
Knowledge Temptation Meaningful Student
Instruction, Curriculum & Assessment
What We FoundWhat We Found
1. Benefits of high academic expectations for students and teachers
2. Benefits of grade level content standards3. Difficulty in implementing pedagogy to
create equality in the classroom4. Concern about the direction of special
education pedagogy 5. Worry about “coming out” for Alternate
Assessments
Students Benefit From High Students Benefit From High Academic Expectations Academic Expectations
Instruction/Day more like peers Less isolation More accountability for grade level
standards Scaffolding of concepts, year-to-year A step towards inclusion Life-long skills being taught Teaching students how to think
A Step Towards InclusionA Step Towards Inclusion
7th grade students attend A Night At the Museum in Chicago with their peers.
Teachers Benefit From High Teachers Benefit From High Academic ExpectationsAcademic Expectations
More opportunities for collaboration with other teachers
Included in the mainstream of school life
Less isolationMany challenges in instructionCommon language with general
education teachers
Students with SCD are responsible for putting up and taking down the flag everyday at our school.(Beats doing laundry!)
Students Benefit From Instruction Students Benefit From Instruction of Grade Level Content Standardsof Grade Level Content Standards
Increased student learning Increased generalization Increased inclusion Increased non-targeted learning Increased independence Increased problem solving skills
Students are a part of grade level teams. Students listen as their Language Arts teacher describes a reading activity during a day in the park.
Teacher Editions are mandatory Come to class prepared (the “c” word) Get assignments ahead of time and modify Know what you want your student to learn Get what you can and leave the rest Remember, it is a building process Scaffold instruction from year to year
Teaching in the General Teaching in the General Education ClassroomEducation Classroom
Behaviors that increase Behaviors that increase successsuccess
Teach students how to problem solve.Teach students to ask questions.Teach students how to take tests.Teach students to be organized.
Difficulty in implementing Difficulty in implementing pedagogy to create equality in pedagogy to create equality in
the classroomthe classroom
The BIG Question – How Do I The BIG Question – How Do I Teach Grade Level Standards?Teach Grade Level Standards? Pictures Actual objects Multi-media Reduced number of questions Cliff Notes of the Cliff Notes Leave out the fluff Teach the big ideas Repetition
Presenting the InformationPresenting the Information
Visually (pictures, actual objects, text)Auditory (listening skills, e-texts)Pair visual and auditory Tactically (see it and touch it)Question students to see if they are
getting itRepeat! Repeat! Repeat!
What Does it Look Like? What Does it Look Like?
Student work A typical question on a 6th grade unit test
question is – “Sam” and “Martha” are the local names
for two lighthouses that guard a particularly dangerous part of the coast. Sam blinks every 12 seconds and Martha blinks every 8 seconds. They blink together at midnight. How many seconds will pass before they blink together again?
Big Idea
What Does it Look Like?What Does it Look Like?
Use pictures to help students “see” the question. If one lighthouse blinks every 12 seconds and the
other every 8 seconds. If they blink together at midnight, how many seconds will pass before they blink together again?
12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84
8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 72, 80
Pictures
If the student can
match, they can answer the
question
Multiples of 12 and 8.
What Does it Look Like?What Does it Look Like?
A typical math journal entry “Margaret is throwing a surprise
birthday party for her best friend on July 6th. If she wants to send out the invitations exactly four weeks before the party, on what date does she need to mail the invitations?”
The essence of the question.
What Does it Look Like?What Does it Look Like?
By making the question visual, students can figure the answer with minimum support.
June July
If student can count to 4, they can do this
activity.
Use cue cards to help students Use cue cards to help students problem solveproblem solve
“?” Words Put a “?” when these words begin a sentence.
Can How Is May
Do Did Are What Will Was Were Has Have Had Would Does
This cue card helps students decide how to punctuate their
sentences
Cue cards help students think about the question and come up with a logical answer.
Assess Students with Assess Students with PicturesPictures
1. What happens to the mud in a river when there is little or no water movement?
a. mountains are built b. particles are deposited c. it rains
2. What forms when carbonic acid dissolves limestone underground? a. a cave b. a sand dune c. a tornado
Pair Pictures and Words to Pair Pictures and Words to Improve Reading SkillsImprove Reading Skills
Use picture software to help students understand and remember key concepts.
Capitalization rules
Social StoriesSocial Stories
Social stories help
students learn and practice
the behaviors they need to be
successful.
Make Learning Hands-onMake Learning Hands-on
Student graphs data gathered by the class.
Student uses digital camera to take pictures of different shapes around the school. These pictures are put into a Power Point about shapes.
Make Learning Hands-OnMake Learning Hands-On
Students learn to formulate sentences using word magnets.
Put Technology in Students’ Put Technology in Students’ HandsHands
Student gathers data, graphs data using Excel, then prints her graph.
Students use the white board to practice weekly spelling words. They also practice their words with a spelling program on the computer, letter magnets, and letter stamps.
Some Great Technology Some Great Technology IdeasIdeas
Boardmaker, Writing with Symbols Word, Excel, Power Point Scanners E-texts Smart classrooms Document cameras Digital cameras Living Books
Concern about the direction of Concern about the direction of special education pedagogy special education pedagogy
• “There should be standards but there should also be life standards. If we are preparing them for the real world then their curriculum should reflect that.”
• “special education teachers have had far too much autonomy and no curriculum. The IEP is a charade because its really just one person’s idea of what one student needs and it tends to be the same.”
Worry about “coming out” for Worry about “coming out” for Alternate AssessmentsAlternate Assessments
Call to ActionCall to Action
Research must be done on how children with significant cognitive disabilities learn
Professional development and teacher training has to change.
Review the IEP process and requirements
Contact InformationContact Information
Melissa E. Hudsonmelissa.hudson@madison.kyschools.us
Deborah Taub, PhDdebbie.taub@uky.edu
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