algebra 2 unit 3.5
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UNIT 3.5 SYSTEMS OFUNIT 3.5 SYSTEMS OFTHREE VARIABLESTHREE VARIABLES
Warm UpSolve each system of equations algebraically.
Classify each system and determine the number of solutions.
1. 2.x = 4y + 10
4x + 2y = 4
6x – 5y = 9
2x – y =1(2, –2) (–1,–3)
3. 4.3x – y = 8
6x – 2y = 2
x = 3y – 1
6x – 12y = –4
inconsistent; none consistent, independent; one
Use elimination to solve the system of equations.
Example 1: Solving a Linear System in Three Variables
Step 1 Eliminate one variable.
5x – 2y – 3z = –7
2x – 3y + z = –16
3x + 4y – 2z = 7
In this system, z is a reasonable choice to eliminate first because the coefficient of z in the second equation is 1 and z is easy to eliminate from the other equations.
1
2
3
Example 1 Continued
5x – 2y – 3z = –7
11x – 11y = –55
3(2x –3y + z = –16)
5x – 2y – 3z = –7
6x – 9y + 3z = –48
1
2
1
4
3x + 4y – 2z = 7
7x – 2y = –25
2(2x –3y + z = –16)3x + 4y – 2z = 74x – 6y + 2z = –32
3
2
Multiply equation - by 3, and add to equation .1
2
Multiply equation - by 2, and add to equation .3
2
5
Use equations and to create a second equation in x and y.
3 2
11x – 11y = –55
7x – 2y = –25Step 2: You now have a 2-by-2 system. Solve for x and y.
4
5
Example 1 Continued
2x – 3y + z = –16
2(–3) – 3(2) + z = –16
2
1
1
Step 3 Substitute for x and y in one of the original equations to solve for z.
z = –4
Substitute –3 for x and 2 for y.
Solve for y.
The solution is (–3, 2, –4).
Example 1 Continued
Use elimination to solve the system of equations.
Step 1 Eliminate one variable.
–x + y + 2z = 7
2x + 3y + z = 1
–3x – 4y + z = 4
1
2
3
Check It Out! Example 1
In this system, z is a reasonable choice to eliminate first because the coefficient of z in the second equation is 1.
–x + y + 2z = 7
–5x – 5y = 5
–2(2x + 3y + z = 1) –4x – 6y – 2z = –2
1
2
1
4
5x + 9y = –1
–2(–3x – 4y + z = 4)–x + y + 2z = 7
6x + 8y – 2z = –81
3
Multiply equation - by –2, and add to equation .1
2
Multiply equation - by –2, and add to equation .1
3
5
Check It Out! Example 1 Continued
–x + y + 2z = 7
–x + y + 2z = 7
Use equations and to create a second equation in x and y.
1 3
You now have a 2-by-2 system.
Check It Out! Example 1 Continued
4
5
–5x – 5y = 5
5x + 9y = –1
4y = 4
4
5
1
Add equation to equation .45
Step 2 Eliminate another variable. Then solve for the remaining variable.
You can eliminate x by using methods from Lesson 3-2.
Solve for y.
Check It Out! Example 1 Continued
–5x – 5y = 55x + 9y = –1
y = 1
–5x – 5(1) = 5
4
1
1
Step 3 Use one of the equations in your 2-by-2 system to solve for x.
x = –2
Substitute 1 for y.
Solve for x.
Check It Out! Example 1
–5x – 5y = 5
–5x – 5 = 5
–5x = 10
2(–2) +3(1) + z = 1
2x +3y + z = 12
1
1
Step 4 Substitute for x and y in one of the original equations to solve for z.
z = 2
Substitute –2 for x and 1 for y.
Solve for z.
The solution is (–2, 1, 2).
Check It Out! Example 1
–4 + 3 + z = 1
The table shows the number of each type of ticket sold and the total sales amount for each night of the school play. Find the price of each type of ticket.
Example 2: Business Application
Orchestra Mezzanine Balcony Total Sales
Fri 200 30 40 $1470
Sat 250 60 50 $1950
Sun 150 30 0 $1050
Example 2 ContinuedStep 1 Let x represent the price of an orchestra seat,
y represent the price of a mezzanine seat, and z represent the present of a balcony seat.
Write a system of equations to represent the data in the table.
200x + 30y + 40z = 1470
250x + 60y + 50z = 1950
150x + 30y = 1050
1
2
3
Friday’s sales.
Saturday’s sales.
Sunday’s sales.
A variable is “missing” in the last equation; however, the same solution methods apply. Elimination is a good choice because eliminating z is straightforward.
5(200x + 30y + 40z = 1470)
–4(250x + 60y + 50z = 1950)
1
Step 2 Eliminate z.
Multiply equation by 5 and equation by –4 and add.1
2
2
1000x + 150y + 200z = 7350
–1000x – 240y – 200z = –7800
y = 5
Example 2 Continued
By eliminating z, due to the coefficients of x, you also eliminated x providing a solution for y.
150x + 30y = 1050
150x + 30(5) = 1050
3 Substitute 5 for y.
x = 6
Solve for x.
Step 3 Use equation to solve for x.3
Example 2 Continued
200x + 30y + 40z = 14701 Substitute 6 for x and 5 for y.
1
z = 3
Solve for x.
Step 4 Use equations or to solve for z.21
200(6) + 30(5) + 40z = 1470
The solution to the system is (6, 5, 3). So, the cost of an orchestra seat is $6, the cost of a mezzanine seat is $5, and the cost of a balcony seat is $3.
Example 2 Continued
Check It Out! Example 2
Jada’s chili won first place at the winter fair. The table shows the results of the voting.
How many points are first-, second-, and third-place votes worth?
Name
1st Place
2nd Place
3rd Place
TotalPoints
Jada 3 1 4 15
Maria 2 4 0 14
Al 2 2 3 13
Winter Fair Chili Cook-off
Check It Out! Example 2 Continued
Step 1 Let x represent first-place points, y represent second-place points, and z represent third- place points.
Write a system of equations to represent the data in the table.
3x + y + 4z = 15
2x + 4y = 14
2x + 2y + 3z = 13
1
2
3
Jada’s points.
Maria’s points.
Al’s points.
A variable is “missing” in one equation; however, the same solution methods apply. Elimination is a good choice because eliminating z is straightforward.
3(3x + y + 4z = 15)
–4(2x + 2y + 3z = 13)
1
Step 2 Eliminate z.
Multiply equation by 3 and equation by –4 and add.3
1
3
9x + 3y + 12z = 45
–8x – 8y – 12z = –52
x – 5y = –7 4
Check It Out! Example 2 Continued
2
–2(x – 5y = –7)4
2x + 4y = 14–2x + 10y = 14
2x + 4y = 14
y = 2
Multiply equation by –2 and add to equation .2
4
Solve for y.
2x + 4y = 14
Step 3 Use equation to solve for x.2
2
2x + 4(2) = 14
x = 3
Solve for x.
Substitute 2 for y.
Check It Out! Example 2 Continued
Step 4 Substitute for x and y in one of the original equations to solve for z.
z = 1 Solve for z.
2x + 2y + 3z = 133
2(3) + 2(2) + 3z = 13
6 + 4 + 3z = 13
The solution to the system is (3, 2, 1). The points for first-place is 3, the points for second-place is 2, and 1 point for third-place.
Check It Out! Example 2 Continued
Consistent means that the system of equations has at least one solution.
Remember!
The systems in Examples 1 and 2 have unique solutions. However, 3-by-3 systems may have no solution or an infinite number of solutions.
Classify the system as consistent or inconsistent, and determine the number of solutions.
Example 3: Classifying Systems with Infinite Many Solutions or No Solutions
2x – 6y + 4z = 2
–3x + 9y – 6z = –3
5x – 15y + 10z = 5
1
2
3
Example 3 Continued
3(2x – 6y + 4z = 2)
2(–3x + 9y – 6z = –3)
First, eliminate x.
1
2
6x – 18y + 12z = 6
–6x + 18y – 12z = –6
0 = 0
Multiply equation by 3 and equation by 2 and add.2
1
The elimination method is convenient because the numbers you need to multiply the equations are small.
Example 3 Continued
5(2x – 6y + 4z = 2)
–2(5x – 15y + 10z = 5)
1
3
10x – 30y + 20z = 10
–10x + 30y – 20z = –10
0 = 0
Multiply equation by 5 and equation by –2 and add.
3
1
Because 0 is always equal to 0, the equation is an identity. Therefore, the system is consistent, dependent and has an infinite number of solutions.
Check It Out! Example 3a
Classify the system, and determine the number of solutions.
3x – y + 2z = 4
2x – y + 3z = 7
–9x + 3y – 6z = –12
1
2
3
3x – y + 2z = 4–1(2x – y + 3z = 7)
First, eliminate y.
1
3
3x – y + 2z = 4
–2x + y – 3z = –7
x – z = –3
Multiply equation by –1 and add to equation . 1
2
The elimination method is convenient because the numbers you need to multiply the equations by are small.
Check It Out! Example 3a Continued
4
3(2x – y + 3z = 7)–9x + 3y – 6z = –12
2
3
6x – 3y + 9z = 21
–9x + 3y – 6z = –12
–3x + 3z = 9
Multiply equation by 3 and add to equation . 3
2
Now you have a 2-by-2 system.
x – z = –3
–3x + 3z = 9 5
4
5
Check It Out! Example 3a Continued
3(x – z = –3)
–3x + 3z = 9 5
4 3x – 3z = –9
–3x + 3z = 9
0 = 0
Because 0 is always equal to 0, the equation is an identity. Therefore, the system is consistent, dependent, and has an infinite number of solutions.
Eliminate x.
Check It Out! Example 3a Continued
Check It Out! Example 3b
Classify the system, and determine the number of solutions.
2x – y + 3z = 6
2x – 4y + 6z = 10
y – z = –2
1
2
3
y – z = –2y = z – 2
3Solve for y.
Use the substitution method. Solve for y in equation 3.
Check It Out! Example 3b Continued
Substitute equation in for y in equation .4 1
4
2x – y + 3z = 6
2x – (z – 2) + 3z = 6
2x – z + 2 + 3z = 6
2x + 2z = 4 5
Substitute equation in for y in equation .4 2
2x – 4y + 6z = 10
2x – 4(z – 2) + 6z = 102x – 4z + 8 + 6z = 10
2x + 2z = 2 6
Now you have a 2-by-2 system.
2x + 2z = 4
2x + 2z = 2 6
5
Check It Out! Example 3b Continued
2x + 2z = 4
–1(2x + 2z = 2)6
5
Eliminate z.
0 2
Check It Out! Example 3b Continued
Because 0 is never equal to 2, the equation is a contradiction. Therefore, the system is inconsistent and has no solutions.
Lesson Quiz: Part I
At the library book sale, each type of book is priced differently. The table shows the number of books Joy and her friends each bought, and the amount each person spent. Find the price of each type of book.
paperback: $1;
Hard-cover
Paper- back
Audio Books
Total Spent
Hal 3 4 1 $17
Ina 2 5 1 $15
Joy 3 3 2 $20
1.
hardcover: $3;
audio books: $4
2.
3.
2x – y + 2z = 5
–3x +y – z = –1
x – y + 3z = 2
9x – 3y + 6z = 3
12x – 4y + 8z = 4
–6x + 2y – 4z = 5
inconsistent; none
consistent; dependent; infinite
Lesson Quiz: Part II
Classify each system and determine the number of solutions.
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