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Ajay Kumar SinghCSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research
Dhanbad - 826015
Ajay Kumar SinghCSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research
Dhanbad - 826015
Technological Integration of UCG Technological Integration of UCG and CBM to Harness the Energy and CBM to Harness the Energy
Resources: A Conceptual ThoughtResources: A Conceptual Thought
COAL ASIA: 2012COAL ASIA: 2012New DelhiNew Delhi
28 February 201228 February 2012
RANIGANJ FM.OF RANIGANJ & JHARIA
COALFIELDSBARAKAR FM.
OF SATPURA, SOHAGPUR, WARDHA, GODAVARI, SONHAT COALFIELDS
BARAKAR FM.OF JHARIA, RANIGANJ,
EAST BOKARO & KARANPURA COALFIELDS
COAL RANK (ASTM)
THERMAL MATURITY (Ro
%)GAS GENERATION &
ADSORPTION
0.4%
0.5%
0.6%
0.8%
1.1%
1.5%
2.0%
2.6%
THERMAL GENERATION
ADSORPTION CAPACITY
BITUMINOUS RANKS
LIGNITESUB
BITUMINOUS A.B.C.
HIGH VOLATILE C
HIGH VOLATILE B
HIGH VOLATILE A
MEDIUM VOLATILE
LOW VOLATILE
SEMI ANTHRACITE
ANTHRACITE
META ANTHRACITE
600020000 SCF / T
GROUP B
GROUP A
BARMER, CAMBAY, MANNARGUADI LIGNITE
BASINS
GROUP CBIOGENIC & MIXED GAS
COAL RANK, GAS GENERATION AND ADSORPTION
Dual Porosity of Coal
Microscopic view of the Micropores structure of
coal
Fracture system, cleats in coal
Transport of Gas
FloorNOT TO SCALE
2m
Roof
4.2m
Cover
CBM Industry• The CBM industry is an
outgrowth of the coal mining industry.
• Methane in coal has always been considered a safety hazard in u/g mining.
• With exploitation deeper coal seams, there came the need to degasify the coal seams ahead of mining.
• Attempts to degasify coal led to the development CBM.
GasWater
Typical VCBM Well in Production
UCG is the partial combustion of coal below ground to produce a combustible gas known as syn-gas for use as an energy source.
It is achieved by drilling two wells from the surface, one to supply air/oxygen; another well to produce syn-gas to the surface.
Apart from syn-gas, by-products are hydrocarbon liquids, ammonia and water
Raw Combustible
UCG Gas
Ground Level
Water Table
Overburden
Coal
Air
Clay Under burden
ResidueOxidisation
Process
Raw Gas
What is UCG?
UCG World wide
OPEN CAST LIGNITE MINE, ANGREN
UCG operation near the mine site, Angren
UCG - TECHNOLOGY IN OPERATION FOR THE PAST 45 YEARS – near OC mine
Uzbekistan: UCG is in progress on commercial scale, where the gas is being fed into a boiler of 100 MW power plant
Russia : Skochinsky Institute of Mining, Moscow developed UCG technology for the erstwhile USSR countries
GAS COMPOSITION (vol.%)
CO2 - 20-22CO - 4.0-6.0O2 - 0.3-0.5H2S - 0.5-0.6H2 - 22.0-22.4CH4 - 2.2-4.0CmHn - 0.2-0.3N2 - 50.6-44.
MAIN TECHNICAL DATA ON THE STATION · Depth of coal seam
occurrence, m
· Coal seam thickness, m
· Heat value of coal, kcal/kg
· Ash content of coal, %
· Moisture content of coal, %
· Hole diameter, mm
· Heat value of gas, kcal/m3 · Chemical efficiency of
gasification, % · Underground loss of coal, %
· Gas yield per 1 kg coal, m3 · Air consumption per 1 m3
gas, m3
- 130-250
- 2-15- 2800-3200- 15-21- 30-35- 140-200- 800-1000- 70-85
- 5-18- 1.8-2.2- 0.74-0.83
USA: Extensive UCG tests were undertaken in 1960’s to
80’s through the joint efforts of the industry, research institutes and the Government.
The latest field experiment was conducted near Hanna, Wyoming in 1987-88, known as Rocky Mountain 1 (RM 1):
The test results were environmentally accepted
Hanna coals have similarity to the low rank Indian lignites
Interest in UCG is renewed due to high cost of crude oil & pilot plants have been planned with the assistance of
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL)
CHINA: More than dozen operations particularly in abandoned mines.
EUROPEAN UNION: UCG trials in deeper coals with the aim to utilize offshore coal seams. 18 Licenses issued
Australia: Demonstration plant producing UCG gas since
1999 at Chinchilla, West of Brisbane
Longest burn outside Former Soviet Union
Operations conforming to Strict Australian Environmental
Standards
Successfully demonstrated controlled shut-down and re-start
of UCG
Project anticipates low cost of power generation
Planning for conversion of syn-gas to hydrocarbon liquids
(CTL)
THE CHINCHILLA SITE IS OPERATING ALONGSIDE EXISTING RURAL POPULATION
Australian UCG Project, Chinchilla
UCG fuel costs for 47 MW 6B GT shall be (2002) – cost Capex US$ 10 million (including of Pilot Burn)
– Operating cost US$ 0.5 million/ year
– UCG costs less than US cent 50/ MMBtu
Estimates for 67 MW CC power– Capex US$ 30 million
– Operating cost $ 1.2 million per year
– Cost of electricity US cent 1.5/ kWh
Assumptions: USD 0.54 per AUS $ 1.0, Company I tax 30%
Inflation 2% on rev. 3% on costs, Capex written off in 25 y
Revenue from by products not attributed
AUSTRALIA UCG PROJECT, CHINCHILLASITE COST ESTIMATES
Current Commercial Operations
Angren in Uzbekistan
Since 1945 supplying gas to a boiler of a Power plant
Chinchilla, west of Brisbane, Australia Since 1999. Preparing for CTL
Majuba, South Africa Since January 2007
UCG efforts in India1. MEHASANA, GUJARAT – in 1980`s• ONGC, CMPDI, National laboratories, Govt. of India and Coal India
• Two R&D wells were drilled to collect preliminary data
• Active aquifer (permeability – 1 Darcy) found in proximity of lignite at a depth of 1000 m
• Project abandoned
2. Merta Road, Rajasthan – late 1980`s• CMPDI and Russian experts; Few boreholes drilled
• Project abandoned as active aquifer in proximity to lignite
3. Bihar (Now Jharkhnad) – late 1980`s• CMPDI and Russian experts
• Resource information collected; however project abandoned
4. Gas Authority of India, Rajasthan – since 1998• MOU between Govt. of Rajasthan (GOR) and GAIL for UCG. 1691 Sq.KM area identified for UCG.
• No action till 2008. GOR issued fresh notification, inviting private/state sector for UCG
5. Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd. (NLC) – since 2002• Govt. of India provided grant of Rs. 10 Cr for undertaking UCG pilot
• Area also allotted in Dist. Bikaner - Project not initiated due to lack of technical expertise
Technologies for UCGTwo different methods of UCG have been proved: Both are commercially available
The first, based on technology from the former Soviet Union, uses vertical wells and a method like reverse combustion to open up the internal pathways in the coal. The process has been tested (1999-2003) in Chinchilla, Australia using air as the injected oxidant.
The second, tested in European and American coal seams, creates dedicated inseam boreholes, using drilling and completion technology adapted from oil and gas production. It has a moveable injection point known as CRIP (controlled retraction injection point) and generally uses oxygen or enriched air for gasification.
Why to blend the two technologies?
• Both are related to Coal Measures• Generally both are operated below mineable depth
(A policy constraint to go below ~600m depth for CBM and UCG in Indian context)
• Vast reserve of coal below mineable depth• CBM- A Physical Separation
UCG- A Chemical Transformation• To recover maximum out of otherwise
irrecoverable coal• Both are environmentally safe• Aesthetic beauty of the landscapes is maintained• To reduce the capital investment and operational
cost further
Drilling Technologies
Vertical wellsVertical wells Horizontal, multilateral wellsHorizontal, multilateral wells
CBM/UCG and Directional Drilling
Managing Environment
Integrated site characterisation Numerical modelling
Produced Water Subsidence
Field monitoring
From Borehole to Numerical Model
Blending
CBM-UCG
Corprate: Reliance, ESSAR,
Abhijeet, GEECL etc.PSU:
ONGC, GAIL, CIL, NTPC, BHEL etc.
Government :Planning Commission
MoPNG, MoC
R & D:CIMFR, NGRI, ISM, IITs DOE,
LLNL etc.
Facilities at CIMFR: Gas Chromatograph
Characterisation of resource on chemical and petrographic parameters at exploration stage
EMERGING POSSIBILITIES OF UCG
requires
for
Optimal utilisation of resource both at short and long term perspective
Moisture < 2% to 6%
Volatile - <18 to 35%
Carbon - 85 to 90% (on dmf basis)
Ash - 15 to 30% (excluding dirt bands)
Coking properties (eastern CFs of Damodar Valley basins)
Coke type - D to G6 or better
General characters of Barakar coalGeneral characters of Barakar coal
High moisture
High Volatile
Coal seams thinner than those of Barakar
Best developed in Raniganj coalfield
General characters of Raniganj coal
FORMATIONFORMATION
Intrusives
RaniganjBarren MeasuresBarakarTalchirBasement
THICKNESSTHICKNESS
725m850m
1130m225m
--
COAL SEAMSCOAL SEAMSNo ThicknessNo Thickness
22 (0.1m-4.7m)
46 (0.3m-33.0m)
JHARIACOALFIELD
COAL RESOURCE
0-600m -- 14.2 bt
600m-1200m -- 5.2 bt0 – 1200m – 19.4 bt
Salient features
Deeper level
Raniganj Coalfield: Cumulative coal thickness (42.27m) and development of thicker seams(9.77m)
EAST
BOKAROCOALFIELDFORMATIONFORMATION
MahadevaPanchetRaniganjBarren MeasuresBarakarTalchirBasement
THICKNESSTHICKNESS
500m
600m600m500m
1000m80m --
COAL SEAMSCOAL SEAMSNo ThicknessNo Thickness
7 (0.4m-3.0m)
26 (0.4m-63.9m)
COAL RESOURCE
0-300m -- 3.2 bt300m-600m -- 1.5 bt600m-1200m -- 2.3 bt0 – 1200m -- 7.0 bt
Salient features
Deeper level
FORMATIONFORMATION
MahadevaPanchetRaniganjBarren MeasuresBarakarKarharbariTalchirBasement
THICKNESSTHICKNESS
165m
225m400m385m500m200m180m
--
COAL SEAMSCOAL SEAMSNo ThicknessNo Thickness
thin bands
5 (0.5m-35.2m)1 (0.5m-10.5m)
COAL RESOURCE
0-300m -- 10.3 bt300m-600m -- 4.3 bt
0 – 1200m – 14.6 bt
Salient Salient featuresfeatures
NORTH
KARANPURA
COALFIELD
Deeper level
SOUTH KARANPURA COALFIELD
FORMATIONFORMATION
RaniganjBarren MeasuresBarakarTalchirBasement
THICKNESSTHICKNESS
360m385m
1050m180m
--
COAL SEAMSCOAL SEAMSNo ThicknessNo Thickness7 (0.8m-3.3m)
42 (0.5m-54.2m)
COAL RESOURCE
0-300m -- 3.3 bt300m-600m -- 1.8 bt600m-1200m -- 0.9 bt
0 – 1200m – 6.0 bt
Salient features
Deeper level
Thank you for your Attention…..
Ajay Kumar SinghAjay Kumar SinghCSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel ResearchCSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research
Dhanbad - 826015Dhanbad - 826015
ajay@cimfr@res.inajay@cimfr@res.in
ajay.cimfr@gmail.comajay.cimfr@gmail.com
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