agriculture and the national economy cotton farming the west

Agriculture and the National Economy

• Cotton• Farming the West

America, 8th EditionCopyright © 2010 W.W. Norton & Company

Population Density, 1820

America, 8th EditionCopyright © 2010 W.W. Norton & Company

Population Density, 1860

Transportation and the Market Revolution

• New Roads• Water Transportation

America, 8th EditionCopyright © 2010 W.W. Norton & Company

Transportation West, About 1840

Transportation and the Market Revolution

• Railroad– First line built in 1825– By 1850, railroads most used way of getting goods

to market

• Ocean Transportation– Development of the clipper ships– Getting more products to market

• The Role of Government

A Communications Revolution

• American Technology– Mail– Newspapers– Telegraph

America, 8th EditionCopyright © 2010 W.W. Norton & Company

The Growth of Railroads, 1850

America, 8th EditionCopyright © 2010 W.W. Norton & Company

The Growth of Railroads, 1860

The Industrial Revolution

• Early Textile Manufactures• The Lowell System– Entire weaving process under one roof

The Industrial Revolution

• Industrialization and the Environment– Creation of dams and canals harmed farmers and

commercial fishermen

• Industrialization and Cities– Factories required larger number of workers– Factories usually followed by development of a

city around that factory

America, 8th EditionCopyright © 2010 W.W. Norton & Company

The Growth of Industry in the 1840s

America, 8th EditionCopyright © 2010 W.W. Norton & Company

THE GROWTH OF CITIES, 1820

America, 8th EditionCopyright © 2010 W.W. Norton & Company

THE GROWTH OF CITIES, 1860

The Popular Culture

• Urban Recreation• The Performing Arts

Immigration

• The Irish• The Germans• The British, Scandinavians, and Chinese

Immigration

• Nativism– Fear of all things not American– Politicians talked about limiting immigrants from

some countries– Eliminating from other countries

Organized Labor

• Early Unions• Labor Politics– Importance of the Democrats

Organized Labor

• The Revival of Unions

The Rise of Professions• Teaching– Fastest growing profession at the time– For men, it became the stepping stone to law and

other career opportunities

• Law, Medicine, and Engineering– Little formal training required– Significant growth in engineering as a career

• Women’s Work– Generally very little change

Jacksonian Inequality

• Very little change made in loves of common men

• Very few who started out poor became “self-made” men

• Those who sided with Jackson received the rewards of that choice

• Most, however, saw little change in their personal realities