age of ideologies lecture #2 the ideologies!. was the congress of vienna successful? metaphor time...
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Age of Ideologies Lecture #2
The Ideologies!
Was the Congress of Vienna Successful?
MetaphorTime
Water = Traditional Conservative Europe
Fire = Liberal Enlightenment Ideas
First Bubbles- French Revolution
Rolling Boil- Napoleonic Wars- Bring Rev. to the Rest of Europe
Was the Congress of Vienna Successful?
Congress of Vienna
Holy Alliance
Carlsbad Decrees
Censorship, etc
Congress of Vienna
Holy Alliance
Carlsbad Decrees
Censorship, etc
French Revolution
Industrial Revolution
An Explosion of Ideologies•Liberals, aka Classical Liberals, still existed after the French Revolution
•Classical Liberals v Modern Liberals
•Their basic tenets are basically unchanged
•Liberty – representative gov’t, checks on power, etc.
•Equality- no class system or legal discrimination
•However, these ideas lost their appeal for many. Why?
•Didn’t go far enough
•Failed in French Revolution
•Classical Liberals want economic liberalism/free market capitalism. In the new industrial age, this helps the bourgeoisie but not the working class.
•Ricardo, Malthus, and Smith are used by the bourgeoisie as justifications of self-interested policies
•Classical Liberalism is tied to the moderate middle class
•Many desire more radical reform
The Central Ideologies of the Age
• Utopian Socialism
• Scientific Socialism
• ‘Old-style’ Nationalism
• Romanticism
Utopian Socialism • “The future, with industrial advancement
will be perfect!”
• However, many thinkers rejected Utopian Socialism because it was impractical– The utopian socialists never got anything
done!
Marxian, or ‘Scientific’ Socialism
• Marx saw that early (Utopian) Socialism was too ‘fanciful’ – not firmly grounded in theory or reality
– begged the bourgeoisie for concessions they would never grant
• Inspired by (and teamed up with) Friedrich Engels (The Condition of the Working Class in England)
• Wrote the Communist Manifesto – Argued for a ‘scientific’ form of Socialism
Marx’s Basic Points
• history is the story of class struggle – bourgeoisie had recently replaced the feudal nobility
• Political and economic systems protect the class in power– Conservatism protected the aristocracy – Capitalism and Liberalism protect bourgeois
• exploitation of the proletariat + class consciousness = VIOLENT revolution – Why was class consciousness already growing?
• Believed that labor was the source of all economic value but that private property allowed capitalists to steal this value from workers
• After proletarian revolution, abolish private property… end of historical class struggle
Marxian Socialism – A More Complicated Look
• Idea of history as a dialectical process from German philosopher Hegel – Dialectic process means all of history was constant tension
leading to constant, predictable, change
• Hegel argued that there was always a dominant societal model and an alternative model – The two fought it out until a new synthesis was formed
and the whole process repeated.
• Marx added an engine to this dialectic: economics– Abolish private property and you end the dialectical
process
Marx’s Impact
• Secular religion – included all of the dominant strains of thought of
the time period: German philosophy, Utopian Socialism, and Classical Economics (Capitalism)
• it replaced religion – ‘opiate of the masses’
• Little noticed at first, but will become HUGE!
Marxian Socialism Is Highly Radical
• Fills Conservatives and even Classical Liberals with special dread. Why?
• “Let the Ruling Classes Tremble at a Communist revolution. The Proletariat have nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world to win. WORKING MEN OF ALL COUNTRIES, UNITE!”
Nationalism• After 1st Hundred Years War- France and England• after 2nd HYW- rest of Europe
– Why? Largely a reaction against the French dominance of the continent of Europe. “I don’t know who ‘we’ are, but I know we aren’t ‘them’!
• Definition hope to turn ethnic boundaries (defined especially by language) into political boundaries
• Most early nationalists were liberals or moderate socialists. Why does this make sense? – Liberalism- freedom and equality of an individual – Nationalism is the freedom and equality of a people…each people must be
able to make their pure voice heard
• Why few conservative nationalists?– Conservative monarchs rule over empires– if these people get nationalist
ideas, then you’ve got some problems
Nationalism (cont.)
• Nationalism’s Dark Underbelly– If we are prideful in our ethnicity, then … ???– Later, we will be introduced to conservative
nationalists and the #$!@ will hit the fan– National Socialism Nazism equality of
condition, but only for our people
Romanticism
“the spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling recollected in tranquility”
• German and English, which means it is religiously attached to …
• Sturm and Drang Movement
• Born out of Rousseau • Johann Wolfgang Goethe• Francisco Goya • William Wordsworth • Lord Byron • Mary Shelley• Victor Hugo• Alexander Pushkin • Washington Irving
• Ludwig van Beethoven• Liszt• Richard Wagner
Characteristics
• Emotion • Spontaneity • Love of nature• Desire to know the unknowable• Fascinated with the bizarre and exotic • Anti-materialist • Intensely individualist • ‘bohemian’
A Break With Classicism
• Rejects Industrialization
Beethoven’s Ode to Joy
Closely connected to Nationalism
• Why? – Because Romanticism argues for intense
individualism– Nationalism is like individualism of a collective
group (nationality/culture) – the unique essence of each culture
• Europe as a ‘concert’ where each culture must play their instrument
• Brother’s Grimm and other folktales
Possibly Wagner- Flight of the Valkeryies Here
Hansen Name ____________________
AP Euro Period _________
The Age of Ideologies Lecture #2 ‘ The Ideologies’ Note-Taking Guide) • An Explosion of Ideologies
– Liberals, aka Classical Liberals, still existed after the French Revolution
• Classical Liberals v Moderate Liberals _____ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________
– Their basic tenets are basically unchanged• Liberty – ______________________________________• Equality- ______________________________________
– However, these ideas lost their appeal for many. Why? • ___________________________________• ___________________________________• Classical Liberals want __________________________
_______________________ . In the new industrial age, this helps the bourgeoisie but not the working class.
– Ricardo, Malthus, and Smith are used by the bourgeoisie as justifications of self-interested policies
• Classical Liberalism is tied to the moderate middle class– ______________________________
• The Central Ideologies of the Age – ______________________ - ________________________– ______________________ - ________________________
• Utopian Socialism – “The future, with industrial advancement __________!” – However, many thinkers rejected Utopian Socialism because it
was _____________• The utopian socialists never _________________!
• Marxian, or ‘Scientific’, Socialism– Marx saw that early (Utopian) Socialism was too ‘fanciful’
• ____________________________________________• begged the bourgeoisie for concessions ______________
__________________________– Inspired by (and teamed up with) _______________ (The
Condition of the Working Class in England) – Wrote _____________________________________
• Argued for a _______________________________
– Marx’s Basic Points • history is the story of __________________
– _____________________________________ _____________________________________
• Political and economic systems ____________________– Conservatism protected the ___________• Capitalism and Liberalism _________________
– exploitation of the proletariat + class consciousness = __________________________
– Why was class consciousness already growing? ______________________________________ ______________________________________
• Believed that _________________________________ but that private property allowed capitalists to steal this value from workers
• After proletarian revolution, ______________________ … end of historical class struggle
– Marxian Socialism- a More Complicated Look • Idea of history as a ___________________ from German
philosopher Hegel – Dialectic process means all of history was
_______________________________________ _______________________________________
• Hegel argued that there was always a dominant societal model and an alternative model
– ______________________________________ ______________________________________
• Marx added an engine to this dialectic: ___________– Abolish private property and you __________
_____________________________________
– Marx’s Impact • _____________________
– included all of the dominant strains of thought of the time period: German philosophy, Utopian Socialism, and Classical Economics (Capitalism)
• it replaced religion – ‘opiate of the masses’ - ___________________
_______________________________________• Little noticed at first, but will _________________!
– Marxian Socialism is __________________• Fills Conservatives and even Classical Liberals with
special dread. Why? • “Let the Ruling Classes Tremble at a Communist
revolution. The Proletariat have nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world to win. WORKING MEN OF ALL COUNTRIES, UNITE!”
• In other words __________________________________ _____________________________________________
• Nationalism – After 1st Hundred Years War- France and England– after 2nd HYW- ______________________
• Why? Largely a reaction against the _______________ _______________________________. “I don’t know who ______ are, but I know we aren’t __________!
– Definition hope to turn ___________________ (defined ______________________________) into political boundaries
– Most early nationalists were liberals or moderate socialists. Why does this make sense?
• Liberalism- freedom and equality of an individual • Nationalism is the freedom and equality ____________
______________________ people must be able to make their ______________________________
– Why few conservative nationalists?• Conservative monarchs rule over empires– if these people
________________________________________ ______________________________________________
– Nationalism’s ___________________• If we are prideful in our ethnicity, then … ???• Later, we will be introduced to conservative nationalists
and the ________________________________• National Socialism Nazism __________________
___________________________________
• Romanticism – “the spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling recollected in
tranquility”– German and English, which means it is religiously attached to
_________________________ – Sturm and Drang Movement- __________________________– Characteristics
– Emotion, Spontaneity, Love of nature, Desire to know the unknowable, Fascinated with the _____________, ________________, _________________, ‘bohemian’
– A break with Classicism • Rejects Industrialization
– Closely Connected to Nationalism • Why?
– Because Romanticism argues for intense individualism
– Nationalism is like ______________________ _____________________________________
– the unique essence of each culture» Europe as a ‘concert’ where _______
______________________________» Brother’s Grimm and other folktales -
_______________________________ _______________________________
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