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Abhishek, Aditya, Arjun, Kranti
Land area: 11,609,00 sq mi
Population: 800, 245,000
53 countries 2nd largest continent in
the world ( makes up 20% of the Earth’s land area)
Holds the world’s longest river, Nile R.
Many different African languages and dialects
Economic Interests Abundant in Natural
Resources Businessmen wanted to
expand their markets
Political/ Military Interests
Ships needed bases around the world
Prestige of winning colonies
Humanitarian and Religious Goals People wanted to spread the “blessings” of
the western world to Africa, such as religion and medicine
Social Darwinism People believed that western nations were
superior and rest were weaker
King Leopold II took over the Congo River Basin
Berlin Conference of 1884: Allowed Leopold to keep Congo Free trade on Congo and Niger Rivers Countries first had to set up a government
office before claiming right to a colony
Impact of World War II The West was no longer considered an
unbeatable force Most Western powers didn’t want to spend any
more money or fight to hold onto their colonies
Pressure from outside grew The two superpowers, Soviet Union and United
States, rejected colonialism India already won independence from Britain in
1947
First country to win freedom south of Sahara was the Gold Coast
Kwame Nkrumah led many strikes and boycotts in the 1940’s for freedom, and was imprisoned several times
In March 6, 1957, the Gold Coast won its independence and Nkrumah became the prime minister
He renamed it Ghana (Why?)
White settlers took over the fertile land which belonged to the Kikuyu
Jomo Kenyatta protested against this and turned to nonviolent methods to end unfair laws
Other radicals, referred to as the Mau Mau, burned farms and killed livestock
British arrested Kenyatta and sent Kikuyu to concentration camps
However on December 12,1963, Kenya became independent and Kenyatta was the first prime minister
France invaded Algeria in the 1830’s
France was determined to keep Algeria after losing Vietnam
NLF (National Liberation Front) was set up by Muslim Algerian Nationalists
Thousands from each side died in the war
France’s president, Charles de Gaulle, granted independence to Algeria on July 5, 1962
15th Century Tutsis (minority) had more land,
power, & wealth than Hutus (majority)
1962 Rwanda gains independence Economy worsened; led to
dissent towards government. April 6, 1994
800,000 Tutsis murdered for next hundred days
Government provided Hutus with machetes to kill Tutsis.
Families torn apart.
Apartheid (1948-1994): Legal segregation
against Blacks in South Africa
Asians & other colors also denied basic rights
Nelson Mandela led many strikes & demonstrations Released from jail in
1990. Nobel Peace Prize in
1993. Became S.A.’s 1st Black
President in 1994.
Africa is poorest continent in the world Economy has grown backwards Poverty increasing Southern Africa is richest part of Africa Economies of countries drastically vary
from rich to poor
South Africa is Africa’s most wealthiest nation Economic Facts:
GDP: $467.6 billion dollars Greater than many European
Countries GDP per Capita: $10,600 Inflation Rate: 6.8% Unemployment Rate: 24.2% Population Below Poverty Line:
47%
Zimbabwe is one of Africa’s poorest nations Economic Facts:
GDP: $6.186 billion One of the worlds poorest countries
GDP per capita: $500 Unemployment Rate:80% Inflation Rate: 26,470% Population Below Poverty Line:68%
Natural Disasters Drought Famine Flood
Diseases HIV/AIDS Malaria
www.grida.no/climate/vitalafrica/english/08.htm
People affected by Natural Disasters(1971-2000)
Economy dependant on exports of Natural Resources Coffee, Cocoa, Peanuts,
palm oil. Minerals- Gold, Platinum,
gemstones, diamonds. Industrial Metals-
Chromite, Manganese. Manufacturing is
limited Economy is mainly
Agriculture driven
The United Nations has created several programs to help Africa such as the UNSIA (United Nations System-wide Special Initiative on Africa) and the NEPAD (New Partnership for Africa's Development)
President Bush has pushed for many programs like the $15 billion President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief and the $700 million Millennium Challenge Account contract with Tanzania
Not many successful programs to aid Darfur.
In Eastern Africa you can buy beer brewed from bananas.
The only dog in the world that does not bark is an African dog, Basenji.
In Kenya a child's middle name is given based on the time during the day the child is born.
Soweto, South Africa is the only place to have two Nobel Prize winners on the same street. The two were Nelson Mandela and Archbishop Desmond Tutu who both lived on Vilakazi Street.
The shortest war in history was fought between Zanzibar and England in 1896, lasting only 38 minutes.
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