aesthetic guidelines: paul gipe & assoc. design as if people matter
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Aesthetic Guidelines:
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Design As If People Matter
Increasing Acceptance #1
“Your Own Pigs Don’t Stink”
Jutland, Denmark
Public Opinion Surveys
• “Beauty is in the Eye of the Beholder”True, But Most People Agree on “Beauty”
• Broad Support ~ 70%-90%On Both Sides of the Atlantic
• In the Abstract!Benefits Global
Impacts Local
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Paul Gipe, wind-works.org
Acceptance of Wind Energy
Source: L. Arkesteijn, Energy Connection
Post-Installation
Time
Percent Acceptance
Low
High Pre-Project
During Project
Power Plant Acceptance
Thayer, Consumer Attitude and Choice
Nuclear Fossil Biomass Wind0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Acceptors
NIMBYs
Rejectors
Neutral
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Paul Gipe, wind-works.org
Power Plant Acceptance
Thayer, R. Consumer Attitude and Choice
Visual Quality Health & Safety Environmental Impact Overall
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5Ratings
WIND
BIOMASS
FOSSIL
NUCLEAR
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Wind Turbines are Often Not Single Objects on the Landscape
Increasing Acceptance #2
• Minimize Wind’s FootprintPhysical--Roads, Foundations, BuildingsEnvironmental & Visual
• Seek Harmonywith Neighbors & the Environment
• Wind as a part of the Landscape • Not a Wind Landscape
as in California
• NIMBY to POOL
Aesthetic Design--Not New Idea
Paul Gipe & Assoc. CalPoly 1984
Provide Distinct Visual Units
Paul Gipe & Assoc.CalPoly 1984
Keep Ancillary Structures Off Hills & Ridges
Paul Gipe & Assoc. Chris Blandford Assoc.
Aesthetic Design• Provide Visual Uniformity
Turbine, Tower, Color, Direction of Rotation
• Keep Them Spinning
• Remove Inoperative Turbines
• Avoid Clutter
• Avoid Obstruction Marking
• Avoid Billboards & Logos
• Bury Power Lines
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Aesthetic Design (Continued)• Always Dress Them Properly• Control Erosion• Avoid Steep Slopes• Harmonize Ancillary Structures• Inform Public• Use Proper Proportions• Use Open Spacing• Be a Good Neighbor
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Provide Visual Uniformity
Keep Them Spinning
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Keep Them Clean
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Use a Drip Pan or a Diaper (Nappie)
Bury All Intra-Project Lines
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Bury All Intra-Project LinesMontefalcone, Italy
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Avoid Visual Clutter
Paul Gipe & Assoc., 2003, with Telephoto Lens
Avoid “Industrialization”
Paul Gipe & Assoc., 2003
Avoid Mixing Types
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Use Open SpacingDon’t Get Greedy
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Remove Dead Turbines
Remove Headless Horsemen
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Dress for Success
Nacelle Covers
Nose Cones
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Avoid Cell (Mobile) Phones
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Minimize Roads
• Use Existing Roads
• Use Existing Tracks
• Minimize Width
• Minimize Radius
• Harden Where Needed
. . . Or Eliminate Roads
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Minimize Physical Footprint
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
. . . Especially in Arid Terrain
Avoid Steep Slopes
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
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