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Holly Johnson Churman, P.E.
November 16, 2018
Advancing produced water reuse through infrastructure
logistics and economics
Agenda
• Produced Water Overview
• Challenges and Opportunities
• Oilfield Water Management
• Decision-making
• Case Example
• Conclusions
• Questions
Produced Water in New Mexico
Zemlick 2018
Oil production occurs in key regions
of New Mexico, and generates
significant volumes of produced
water that must be managed.
Produced Water
• Complex composition
• Flows and volumes vary
• Impacts infrastructure
• Scaling
• Corrosion
• Erosion
• Fouling
• Hydrogen sulfide gas production
Candia 2015
Produced water originates in underground formations and is brought to the
surface during oil and gas production.
Reuse and Water Resource Conservation
Large water volumes are needed for hydraulic fracturing.
Reusing produced water for fracking reduces demand on local water supplies.
Reuse and Transportation Costs
• 50% reduction in water-related
truck travel (10 million fewer miles
per year)
• Average reduction of 30,000 tons
of greenhouse gases per year
• Treatment of 95% of water on site
minimizes need for disposal wells
Antero 2018, Rassenfoss 2017
Effective produced water management could reduce truck traffic, preserve
roadways, and minimize greenhouse gas emissions.
Example: Antero Clearwater Facility & Landfill, Pennsboro, WV
Disposal and Induced Seismicity Risk
Snee and Zoback 2018
Minimizing produced water disposal reduces induced seismicity risk.
Produced Water Reuse
Reuse Opportunities
• Oilfield operations
• Industrial operations
• Agriculture
• Hydrological use
• Roadways
• Domestic/drinking water
• Secondary use
Implementation Challenges
• Engineering
• Logistics
• Economics
• Perception
• Health and safety risk
There are many options for produced water reuse, but important challenges
are impeding their implementation.
Oilfield Water Cycle
U.S. EPA 2016, Walsh 2013
Field Development
(Walsh 2013)
Stage 1:
Remote, isolated wells.
Stage 2:
Well clusters with some
infield drilling and
completions.
Stage 3:
Extensive in-field
development.
Water affects oilfield logistics, and becomes more complex as fields develop.
Water Management Decision-making
Source
Store
Treat
Convey
Reuse
Dispose
All produced water management decisions come with costs.
Economics enables options comparison and arrival at appropriate solutions.
What have we done before?
Trade-off evaluations can be time-consuming, cumbersome, and incomplete.
Methods
• Rigorous designs
• In-house models
• Consulting studies
Challenges
• Quality of information
• Geographic specificity
• Operating time horizons
• Integration of disparate factors
Sensitivities
• Oil price
• Drilling Schedule
• Good and service cost fluctuations
What can we accomplish today?
Wells to Central - Trucking Wells to SWDs - Trucking Central to SWD - TruckingWells to Central - Pipeline
Economic modeling allows for rapid, equivalent, and relevant options analysis.
Assets:
• 12 Production Wells
• 3 Salt water disposal wells
(SWDs)
• 1 Centralized Treatment Plant
Treatment Assumptions:
• 50% uncertainty applied
• Mobile $2 - $6 per barrel
• Centralized $0.75 - $2.25/bbl
Other Logistics Assumptions:
• 30-year project lifespan
• Injection Cost $0.30/bbl
• Trucking Cost $75 per hour
• Reuse savings $0.65/bbl
Example: Infield Development
Results
Years 0 – 5:• SWDs are most economical for
produced water disposal.
• Centralized + pipe < mobile.
Years 5 – 15:• Centralized + pipe < mobile.
• Centralized + pipeline competes
with SWDs when trucking costs
are low.
Strategy:• Phased approach
• Year 1 – 5: SWDs
• Shift to centralized treatment.
• Consider options to reduce
desalination costs.
A phased approach will enable holistic, cost-effective field development.
Conclusion
• Produced water management is
challenging in New Mexico.
• Infrastructure development can achieve
operational, economic, safety,
environmental, and sustainability goals.
• Sourcing, storage, treatment,
transportation, reuse and disposal
comprise key decisions.
• Current methods are time-consuming,
cumbersome, and incomplete.
• Economic modeling enables rapid,
equivalent, and relevant analysis.
• Economics can drive creative solutions.
www.ghd.com
Questions?
Holly Churman
holly.churman@ghd.com
(832) 485-5242
References
Antero Resources. (2018). Antero Clearwater Facility & Landfill.
http://www.anteroresources.com/environmental-safety/antero-clearwater
Candia, E., & Seth, K. (2015). Water Recycling Enhances Well Economics. Retrieved
from https://www.aogr.com/web-exclusives/exclusive-story/water-recycling-enhances-
well-economics.
Rassenfoss, Stephen. (2017). Turning Dirty Produced Water Into Fresh Water and Salt to
Sell. JPT. https://www.spe.org/en/jpt/jpt-article-detail/?art=3519.
Snee, Jens-Erik Lund and Mark D. Zoback (2018). ”State of stress in the Permian Basin,
Texas and New Mexico: Implications for induced seismicity.” The Leading Edge, 37(2),
127–134. https://doi.org/10.1190/tle37020127.1
U.S. Drought Monitor: New Mexico (2018). Retrieved from
https://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/Maps/MapArchive.aspx.
U.S. EPA (2016). Hydraulic Fracturing for Oil and Gas: Impacts from the Hydraulic
Fracturing Water Cycle on Drinking Water Resources in the United States (Final Report).
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, EPA/600/R-16/236F.
Zemlick, Katie et al. (2018) Environ. Res. Lett. 13 024008.
http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aa9e54.
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