advance transmission technology lecture 1 22 jan 2013
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LECTURE 1
OVERVIEW OF THE AUTOMATIC
TRANSMISSION PRINCIPLE
ADVANCE TRANSMISSION
TECHNOLOGY
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HISTORY AND A/T PRINCIPLEDefinition
• An automobile gearbox that can change gear ratios
automatically as the car moves, thus freeing the
driver from having to shift gears manually
• Oldsmobile's 1940 models was first vehicles with
fully automatic transmission which called
Hydramatic drive. It provided true clutchless driving.• Hydramatic designed to combine hydraulic operation
of planetary gearbox with a fluid coupling instead of
a friction clutch
History and Improvement
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2.Used the torque converter clutch (TCC)
•.applied in early 1980s with the advent of enginecomputers.
•.Involved a solenoid-controlled clutch inside the
torque converter, which would lock its input to its
output when activated.
•. To eliminate the ''drag'' or inefficiency caused by
the fluid in the converter when operating at high
speeds.
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3. Used computer control shift patterns and gear
ratios to turn on and off the solenoids
•remove almost all of the control logic from the
valve body, and place it in the hands of the
engine computer.
• by using the ECU controlled solenoids instead of
spring-loaded valves in the valve body, providesthe precise control of shift points and shift
quality.
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In Europe automatic transmissions have never beenspecifically popular and even today.
This is partly because automatic gearboxes are less efficientthan their manual counterparts, giving rise to a noticeabledeterioration in vehicle performance when coupled with thesmall capacity engines that are common in Europe.
Another factor is that European roads tend to be less wellgraded than those of North America, and so the additionaldriver control afforded by a manual gearbox is often to be valued.
Automatic transmissions are costly and are generallyavailable as an extra-cost option, which often deterspotential purchasers.
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Basic Parts and Operation
Torque Converter
• Fits between engine and transmission to provide a
torque boost at low speeds and during acceleration.
• This allows the engine and transmission to be
mated full-time without the need of clutch.
• Provides a small amount of continuously variable
power transmission between the fixed gear ratios.
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Basic Parts and Operation
Valve body
• Centre of the system
• Receives pressurized fluid from main pump that
connected to transmission's input shat.
• The fluid than regulated and runs a network ofspring-loaded valves, check balls and servo pistons.
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• Use the pump pressure and pressure from a
centrifugal governor on the output side (as well as
hydraulic signals from the range selector valves and
the ''throttle valve'' or ''modulator'') to control which
ratio is selected on the gearset.
• as the car and engine change speed, the difference
between the pressures changes, causing different
sets of valves to open and close.
Basic Parts and Operation
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Basic Parts and Operation
Epicyclic gearing (Planetary gearset)
• The main gears in most hydraulic automatics are a
compound planetary set.
• Gear ratios are selected by a system of bands and
clutches, which are actuated by hydraulic servos
that controlled by valve body.
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Advantages
•
No need for the driver to depress a clutch to changegear.
• Gears change automatically dependent upon the
speed of travel.
• Use of the sports mode, where applicable, allows
lower gears to hold until higher revs are reached.
• Winter mode, where applicable, may lock out first
gear to reduce the risk of wheelspin in adverse
weather conditions.
• Easier to move off, especially on inclines, and easier
control in traffic due to the inherent creep facility.
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Advantages
•
The ability to manually select lower gears whenapproaching hills or for engine braking on descents.
• Less wear and tear on the gearbox, transmission and
vehicle body due to automatic gear changes.
• Smoother ride, even when reversing.• Rocking back and forth when stuck in mud or snow
is quicker and easier by using the selector lever and
no clutch.
• Vehicle will not roll backwards when in “drive”
position.
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Disadvantages
• May need to have a transmission oil cooler fitted,
especially when towing.
• Automatics may have a lower manufacturer’s towing
limit than the equivalent manual version.
•
May cost more to purchase an automatic than asimilar manual car.
• Uses more fuel per kilometer/mile.
• Acceleration is slower than a manual due to delay of
the kick down facility.• May need more regular servicing.
• Not many diesel versions around.
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VEHICLE OPERATION
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Selector Lever Pattern
P - Parking
• Each element does not operate at all. Therefore, the
engine output is not transmitted to the output shaft.
• The output shaft is completely locked by mechanicalmeans. Therefore, the car does not move in forward
or reverse direction. The engine can be started.
R - Reverse
• The car moves in reverse direction. The engine
cannot be started.
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N – Neutral
• The engine output is not transmitted to the output
shaft as in the case of "P". The engine can be started.
D – Drive
• Automatically shifts ups and down between forward
4 speeds depend on throttle opening and vehicle
speed. However, only forward 3 speeds are selected
when the overdrive control switch is OFF.
• When vehicle is stopped, shifting is made to the 2nd
gear to minimize creep and vibration.
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2 – Second
• Automatically shifts between 1st and 2nd gears.
This means no upshift to 3rd gear occurs
• For engine braking
L – lock up (1st)
• Does not shift up the gear from 1st to 2nd or 3rd.
This enables what is called "1st gear holding".
Driving-off is always performed in 1st gear.
• For stronger engine braking
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O/D – Overdrive
•Shifted automatically bysimply easing up on the
accelerator without
depressing the clutch pedal.
• Electrically operated solenoid
would deactivate the unit via
a switch
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PWR or NORMAL
• For selecting a driving
pattern suitable to existing
driving conditions
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Shift Pattern Chart
Vehicle in state 1
• When accelerator pedal not pressed, 2nd gear is held.
• When accelerator pedal is pressed, downshifting is made to the
1st gear to cause prompt acceleration.
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Vehicle in state 2
• The vehicle is run steadily at 4th-gear speed on the flat road.
Shift Pattern Chart
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Vehicle in state 3
• Vehicle is climbing uphill, driver must press the accelerator
pedal positively.• Traveling from 2 to 3, vehicle state goes across the 4 - 3 (D4)
downshift line. Therefore, the 3rd gear is selected.
Shift Pattern Chart
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Vehicle in state 4
• Vehicle enters flat road after the uphill, driver returns the
accelerator pedal to the idle position.• Traveling from 3 to 4, vehicle state goes across the 3- 4 (D4)
upshift line. Therefore, the 4th gear is selected.
Shift Pattern Chart
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Vehicle in state 5
• Vehicle exits the flat road and runs to the steep uphill road.
Driver must press the accelerator pedal.• Traveling from 4 to 5, vehicle state goes across the 4 - 3 (D4)
and 3 - 2 (D) downshift lines. Therefore, downshifting to the
2nd gear is performed.
Shift Pattern Chart
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Vehicle in state 6
• After reaching the crest of hill, vehicle enters flat road. Driver
returns the accelerator pedal to idle position.• Traveling from 5 to 6, vehicle state goes across the 2 - 3 (D)
upshifts line. The 3rd gear is selected.
Shift Pattern Chart
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Vehicle in state 7
• Vehicle enters downhill road, driver releases the acceleration
pedal. Also, turns off the OD switch.• 7 is located on the left side of the 4 - 3 (D3) downshift line,
downshifting to the 3rd gear is performed regardless of the
throttle valve opening.
Shift Pattern Chart
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Vehicle in state 8
• Vehicle runs on the steep downhill road. Driver turns the
selector lever from "D" to "2"nd range.• Since position is located on the left side of the 3 - 2 (2, L)
downshift line, downshifting to the 2nd gear is performed
regardless of the throttle valve opening
Shift Pattern Chart
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Vehicle in state 9
• While running on the downhill road, the driver turns the
selector lever from "2" to "L" range.• Vehicle state goes across the 2 ~ 1 (L) downshift line when
speed decreases from 50 to 40, downshifting is made from the
2nd gear to the 1st gear.
Shift Pattern Chart
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OPERATION OF
HYDRAULICFLOW IN VALVE
BODY
$or%ue converter
F t l t h R l t h
Lo&-reverse 'ra(e
d l h
)ic(do&n servo
F t l t h R l t h d l h
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Shift controlvalve
N-D controlvalve
Pressure controlvalve
Manualvalve
N-R controlvalve
Line relief valve
Oil filter
OilPump
Regulator valve
Reducingvalve
Damper clutchcontrol valve
Damper clutchcontrol solenoid valve
OFF
OFF
ON
OFFPressure controlsolenoid valve
End clutchvalve
1- shiftvalve
-!"#-!shift valve
Front clutch Rea r c lutch End clutch
Shift controlsolenoid valve *
Shift controlsolenoid valve +
P R N D L
$o lu'ricationfront
$o lu'ricationrear
Rear clutche,haust valve
$ransmissionontrol .nit
$ransmissionontrol .nit
$ransmissionontrol .nit
$ransmissionontrol .nit
P R N D L
Park Position
Shift controlvalve
N-D controlvalve
Pressure controlvalve
Manualvalve
N-R controlvalve
Line relief valve
Oil filter
OilPump
Regulator valve
Reducingvalve
OFF
ON
OFF
1- shiftvalve
-!"#-!shift valve
Front clutch Rea r c lutch End clutch
Shift controlsolenoid valve *
Shift controlsolenoid valve +
P R N D L
Rear clutche,haust valve
$ransmissionontrol .nit
$ransmissionontrol .nit
$ransmissionontrol .nit
$ransmissionontrol .nit
P R N D L
$or%ue converter
Front c lutch Rea r c lutch
Lo&-reverse 'ra(e
E d l t h
)ic(do&n servo
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Neutral Position
Shift controlvalve
N-D controlvalve
Pressure controlvalve
Manualvalve
N-R controlvalve
Line relief valve
Oil filter
OilPump
Regulator valve
Reducingvalve
Damper clutchcontrol valve
Damper clutchcontrol solenoid valve
OFF
OFF
ON
OFF
Pressure controlsolenoid valve
End clutchvalve
1- shiftvalve
-!"#-!shift valve
Front c lutch Rea r c lutch End clutch
Shift controlsolenoid valve *
Shift controlsolenoid valve +
P R N D L
$o lu'ricationfront
$o lu'ricationrear
Rear clutche,haust valve
$ransmissionontrol .nit
$ransmissionontrol .nit
$ransmissionontrol .nit
$ransmissionontrol .nit
P R N D L
$or%ue converter
Front c lutch Rea r c lutch
Lo&-reverse 'ra(e
E d l t h
)ic(do&n servo
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Drive !to" Position#
Shift controlvalve
N-D controlvalve
Pressure controlvalve
Manualvalve
N-R controlvalve
Line relief valve
Oil filter
OilPump
Regulator valve
Reducingvalve
Damper clutchcontrol valve
Damper clutchcontrol solenoid
valve
OFF
OFF
ON
/0 dut2
Pressure controlsolenoid valve
End clutchvalve
1- shiftvalve
-!"#-!shift valve
Front c lutch Rea r c lutch End clutch
Shift controlsolenoid valve *
Shift controlsolenoid valve +
P R N D L
$o lu'ricationfront
$o lu'ricationrear
Rear clutche,haust valve
$ransmissionontrol .nit
$ransmissionontrol .nit
$ransmissionontrol .nit
$ransmissionontrol .nit
P R N D L
$or%ue converter
Front c lutch Rea r c lutch
Lo&-reverse 'ra(e
End clutch
)ic(do&n servo
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Drive $st Position
Shift controlvalve
N-D controlvalve
Pressure controlvalve
Manualvalve
N-R controlvalve
Line relief valve
Oil filter
OilPump
Regulator valve
Reducingvalve
Damper clutchcontrol valve
Damper clutchcontrol solenoid
valve
OFF
ON
ON
33 dut2
Pressure controlsolenoid valve
End clutchvalve
1- shiftvalve
-!"#-!shift valve
Front c lutch Rea r c lutch End clutch
Shift controlsolenoid valve *
Shift controlsolenoid valve +
P R N D L
$o lu'ricationfront
$o lu'ricationrear
Rear clutche,haust valve
$ransmissionontrol .nit
$ransmissionontrol .nit
$ransmissionontrol .nit
$ransmissionontrol .nit
P R N D L
$or%ue converter
Front c lutch Rea r c lutch
Lo&-reverse 'ra(e
End clutch
)ic(do&n servo
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Drive %n& Position
Shift controlvalve
N-D controlvalve
Pressure controlvalve
Manualvalve
N-R controlvalve
Line relief valve
Oil filter
OilPump
Regulator valve
Reducingvalve
Damper clutchcontrol valve
Damper clutchcontrol solenoid
valve
OFF
OFF
ON
OFF
Pressure controlsolenoid valve
End clutchvalve
1- shiftvalve
-!"#-!shift valve
Front c lutch Rea r c lutch End clutch
Shift controlsolenoid valve *
Shift controlsolenoid valve +
P R N D L
$o lu'ricationfront
$o lu'ricationrear
Rear clutche,haust valve
$ransmissionontrol .nit
$ransmissionontrol .nit
$ransmission
ontrol .nit
$ransmissionontrol .nit
P R N D L
$or%ue converter
Front c lutch Rea r c lutch
Lo&-reverse 'ra(e
End clutch
)ic(do&n servo
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Drive 'r& Position
Shift controlvalve
N-D controlvalve
Pressure controlvalve
Manualvalve
N-R controlvalve
Line relief valve
Oil filter
OilPump
Regulator valve
Reducingvalve
Damper clutchcontrol valve
Damper clutchcontrol solenoid
valve
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
Pressure controlsolenoid valve
End clutchvalve
1- shiftvalve
-!"#-!shift valve
o t c utc ea c utc End clutch
Shift controlsolenoid valve *
Shift controlsolenoid valve +
P R N D L
$o lu'ricationfront
$o lu'ricationrear
Rear clutche,haust valve
$ransmissionontrol .nit
$ransmissionontrol .nit
$ransmission
ontrol .nit
$ransmissionontrol .nit
P R N D L
$or%ue converter
Front clutch Rea r c lutch
Lo&-reverse 'ra(e
End clutch
)ic(do&n servo
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Drive (t) Position
Shift controlvalve
N-D controlvalve
Pressure controlvalve
Manualvalve
N-R controlvalve
Line relief valve
Oil filter
OilPump
Regulator valve
Reducingvalve
Damper clutchcontrol valve
Damper clutchcontrol solenoid
valve
OFF
ON
OFF
OFF
Pressure controlsolenoid valve
End clutchvalve
1- shiftvalve
-!"#-!shift valve
End clutch
Shift controlsolenoid valve *
Shift controlsolenoid valve +
P R N D L
$o lu'ricationfront
$o lu'ricationrear
Rear clutche,haust valve
$ransmissionontrol .nit
$ransmissionontrol .nit
$ransmission
ontrol .nit
$ransmissionontrol .nit
P R N D L
$or%ue converter
Front clutch Rea r c lutch
Lo&-reverse 'ra(e
End clutch
)ic(do&n servo
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Reverse Position
Shift controlvalve
N-D controlvalve
Pressure controlvalve
Manual valve
N-R controlvalve
Line relief valve
Oil filter
OilPump
Regulator valve
Reducingvalve
Damper clutchcontrol valve
Damper clutchcontrol solenoid
valve
OFF
OFF
ON
OFF Pressure controlsolenoid valve
End clutchvalve
1- shiftvalve
-!"#-!shift valve
End clutch
Shift controlsolenoid valve *
Shift controlsolenoid valve +
P R N D L
$o lu'ricationfront
$o lu'ricationrear
Rear clutche,haust valve
$ransmissionontrol .nit
$ransmissionontrol .nit
$ransmission
ontrol .nit
$ransmissionontrol .nit
P R N D L
$or%ue converter
Front clutch Rea r c lutch
Lo&-reverse 'ra(e
End clutch
)ic(do&n servo
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*L+ Position
Shift controlvalve
N-D controlvalve
Pressure controlvalve
Manual valve
N-R controlvalve
Line relief valve
Oil filter
OilPump
Regulator valve
Reducingvalve
Damper clutchcontrol valve
Damper clutchcontrol solenoid
valve
OFF
ON
ON
Dut2control
Pressure controlsolenoid valve
End clutchvalve
1- shiftvalve
-!"#-!shift valve
Shift controlsolenoid valve *
Shift controlsolenoid valve +
P R N D L
$o lu'ricationfront
$o lu'ricationrear
Rear clutche,haust valve
$ransmissionontrol .nit
$ransmissionontrol .nit
$ransmission
ontrol .nit
$ransmissionontrol .nit
P R N D L
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ASSIGNMENT 1:
LIST AND EXPLAIN ALL THE
COMPONENTS IN AUTOMATIC
TRANSMISSION / TRANSAXLEGEARBOX
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