adb transport forum 2014 presentation of arch joseph kwan

ADB Guidelines for

Universal Access

ADB TRANSPORT FORUM 2014

Transport in the Asian Century

Manila 15 September 2014

JOSEPH KWAN HONG KONG

Barriers: Public Transport

Barriers: Public Transport

Barriers: Pedestrian Environment

Barriers: Pedestrian Environment

Barriers: Pedestrian Environment

International Convention

Adopted by UN General Assembly 2006

Entry into force 2008

The Convention prohibits discrimination against

persons with disabilities in all areas of life

Article 2: Definition - Universal Design

Article 9: Accessibility

Article 24: Education

Article 25: Health

Article 27: Work & Employment

Article 30: Participation in Cultural Life, Recreation, Leisure & Sport

UN - Convention on Rights of Persons

with Disabilities

UN - CRPD

158 signatories to the Convention

149 ratifications of the Convention

92 signatories to the Optional Protocol

84 ratifications of the Optional Protocol

(Sep 2014 update)

Article 9: Accessibility

Aim: To enable persons with disabilities to live independently and participate fully in all aspects of life

Responsible Parties: States Parties shall take appropriate

measures to achieve the aim Coverage: Equal access to the physical environment,

transportation, information and communications, including ICT & systems

Measures: Identification & elimination of obstacles & barriers to

accessibility Application: Buildings, roads, transportation and other indoor &

outdoor facilities… schools, housing, medical facilities & workplaces; Information, communications & other services…

Global: People with Disabilities

Estimated 15% of the world's population has a disability

More than one billion people with special needs worldwide

An estimated 80% live in developing countries

(Source: WHO Report, 2011)

Context

ADB long term strategic framework Strategy 2020

Transportation & Urban Development are essential

cornerstones in achieving livable cities

Mainstream sustainable transport practices across ADB’s

operations & support poverty reduction in DMCs

ADB launched Sustainable Transport Initiative (STI) in 2010

ADB prioritized renewed investment and effort in the areas of

urban transport, transport & climate changes, logistics & cross-

border transport, road safety and social sustainability

Context

ADB Strategy 2020

Without Inclusive Transport people with disabilities are almost

guaranteed to be poor due to a lack of access to

education, labour markets, health care and other social

opportunities

The marginal cost of mainstreaming universal access into

ADB’s transportation projects initially is only about 1% with the

cost of retrofitting universal access afterwards being

significantly higher

Context

ADB Strategy 2020

Other multilateral banks have design and

policy guidelines for disability access

the World Bank will not invest in countries

that do not provide 100% universal

accessibility in their projects

Need for Universal Accessible Transport

Transport is vital for independent living and for gaining access

to education, healthcare, labour market, economic resources,

opportunities and social activities

Exclusion increases the real and social costs associated with

disability

People denied access to essential transport services faces

greater challenges to remain above the poverty line

Universal access to transportation not generally given

significant focus in transport education, planning, design,

construction and implementation in developing countries

Criteria - Universal Accessible Transport

Access to fixed facilities and infrastructure

Access to affordable & universally accessible

transport modes

Access to information in various formats

Disability Awareness & Sensitivity Training

Demands of Universal Access to Transport

in Developing Countries

Systemic barriers in the pedestrian environment, infrastructure

and transport services

Lack of accessible sidewalks and footpaths

Inaccessible and unsafe roads

Inadequate safe and accessible street crossings

Inadequate and inaccessible bus and bus stop facilities

Lack of or irregularity of transport services

Characteristics of Sector

Walking, bicycle, motor cycle as main mode of transport

Importance of informal services & Non-Motorised forms of Transport

Publications on Inclusive Transport

The World Bank

Transport and Social Responsibility Thematic Group

Cities on the Move: A World Bank Urban Transport Strategy Review (2001)

Transport, Poverty and Disability in Developing Countries (2001)

Inclusive Transport: An Emerging Agenda (2004)

Strategy to Improve Accessibility in Developing Countries (2004)

Inclusive Access and Mobility in Developing Countries (2006)

BRT Accessibility Guidelines (2006)

The Asian Development Bank

Regional & Sustainable Development Department

Sustainable Infrastructure Division

Disability Brief: Identifying and Addressing the Needs of Disabled People (2005)

Disabled People and Development (2005)

Universal Design -

Definition

“Universal Design” means the design of products, environments, programmes & services to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design. (Ron Mace 1988)

Universal Design

What is Universal Access ?

The Universal Design Pyramid

Who will benefit from UA?

Others who would benefit from universal accessibility (UA)

• 40% + of the population

Source: Roland Wildberg: Hospitality, Hotel and Travel News

International Tourism Board, 2009

Who will benefit from UA?

Asian Development Bank

Universal Access

in ADB

Transport Projects

Guidelines for

Universal Access

ADB UA Guidelines on Transport

Introduction

Purpose, Context, Scope of the Guidelines

Existing Conditions – Infrastructure Barriers

Pedestrian Environment

Modes of Transportation

Interface

Basic Concepts of Universal Access – Evolution

Barrier-free Design

Universal Design

Inclusive Design

Universal Access

Content

Key Concepts

Accessible Information

Door to/through Door Service

Family of Transport Services

Mobility

Occupant Restraint Systems

Persons with Functional Limitations

Transportable Mobility Aids

Transportation Disadvantaged

Trip Chain

Wheelchair Securement Systems

Content

Anthropometric Data

Design Considerations

Application & Technical Guidelines

Illustrations

Cost-Benefit Approach to UA on Public Transport System

Macro Vs. Micro Design

Costs of Barrier-Free Design

Benefits of Barrier-Free Design

“Intangible” Costs of Handicapping Environments

Cost-Benefit Analysis

Content

Basic Human Factors

Mobility Impaired & Visually Impaired Persons

Wheelchair Users

Walking Distances

Standing

Content

UA Technical & Design Guidelines

Trip Information

Urban Public Pedestrian Environment

Taxis & Limousines (Urban & Intercity)

Para-transit Vehicles

Urban Buses, Intercity Buses

Bus Rapid Transit

Light Rail Transit (Sky Trains, Streetcars, Trams)

Metro/Subways

Commuter Rail

Intercity Rail

Content

Marine Transport

Local & Regional Airports

Rural Transportation

Gender & Ridership

Appendices

Definitions, References

International Symbols of Access

Wheelchair Transfer & Movement

Content

Basic Human Factors

Cost - Benefit Analysis

Source: (Roberts and Babinard, The World Bank).

Cost increase due to

accessible renovation

Original barrier-free design

Comparative cost difference

Convention Hall 0.12% 0.02 % 6x

Town Hall 0.2% 0.05% 4x

College Classroom

0.51% 0.13% 4x

Shopping Center

0.22% 0.006% 35x

Cost Comparisons

Source: Schroeder and Steinfeld (1979) The Estimated Costs of Accessible Buildings

US Department of Housing and Urban Development.

Accessible Pedestrian Environment

Clear delineation between pedestrian routes and street furniture

Accessible Pedestrian Environment

Clearly marked pedestrian crossings

Accessible Pedestrian Environment

Raised pedestrian crossings

Modes of Transportation

Public Taxicabs

Accessible Taxis

Accessible Taxi Stands

Accessible Car Parking Bays

Paratransit

Demand Responsive Transit

Urban Bus System & Bus Stops

Low Floor Accessible Bus

Low Floor Accessible Bus

Partial Low Floor Bus

Vehicle Ramps

Flexible Passenger Seating Space

Wheelchair Securement &

Occupant Restraint System

Bus Stop & e-Information Stand

Bus Stop & Information

Real Time Bus Information

Bus Rapid Transit (BRT)

Tram System

Light Rail Transit

Platform Gap

Visual & Audible Announcements

Metro System

Universal Accessible Ticket

Machines

Gates & Turnstiles

Station Facilities

Wayfinding

Multi-Format Information

Emergency Information System

Subway System

Level Entry at Platform

Active Journey Indications

Accessible Rail Station Platform

Commuter Rail Lift & Bridge

Built-in Ramp System

Station-based Lifts

Seating Space for Wheelchair

Priority Seating & Signage

Onboard Accessible Washroom

Wireless Access Onboard Trains

In-Vehicle Information Display

Intercity Bus

Built-in Lift System

Seamless Interface to Pedestrian Areas

Seamless Interface

Marine Transport

Gangways to Vessels

Accessible Ferry Terminal Facilities

Universal Access

Air Transport

Airports & Terminals

Multiple format self-service check-in with on hand customer support

Airport Access

Accessible Information

Airport Accessible Facilities

Boarding Chair & Onboard

Wheelchair

Rural Transportation

Rural Transportation

Transport in the Asian Century

Affordable

Sustainable

Seamless

Inclusive

Universally Accessible

Thank you

Ar. Joseph Kwan MH

Architect, Access Consultant

UDA Consultants Ltd. (Consultants in Universal Design & Accessibility)

Hong Kong

jkuda@netvigator.com