adapting diet to genetic profil

ASPECTS OF A PERSONALIZED NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET TO GENETIC

PROFIL

MariMariee Vr Vrâânceanunceanu

Nutritionist, Biologist, Ketogenic Diet & Nutrigenetics Specialist

ASPECTS OF PERSONALIZED NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET TO

GENETIC PROFIL

Precison medicine

Genomics and our health:

what does the future hold?

GENETIC PROFIL

What is Nutrigenetics?

Nutrigenomics studies how individual differences in genes influence the body's response to diet and nutrition. With modern genomic data, severe gene mutations with less severe effects are being explored to determine whether dietary practices can be more closely personalized to individual genetic profiles.

GENETIC PROFILNutrigenetics: the science of the effect of genetic variation on dietary response Nutrigenomics: the science of the effect of nutrients and bioactive components on gene expression Aim is to obtain a better understanding of nutrient/gene interactions depending on the genotype Ultimate goal is to develop personalized nutrition strategies for optimal health and disease

The Human Genome Project(HGP)

The Human Genome Project (HGP) was one of the great feats of exploration in history - an inward voyage of discovery rather than an outward exploration of the planet or the cosmos; an international research effort to sequence and map all of the genes - together known as the genome - of members of our species, Homo sapiens. Completed in April 2003, the HGP gave us the ability, for the first time, to read nature's complete genetic blueprint for building a human being.

ASPECTS OF A PERSONALIZED NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET TO

GENETIC PROFIL

Let food be thy medicine and medicine Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food.be thy food.

HippocrateHippocrate

GENETIC PROFIL

When people say things like “Heart disease runs in my family” and “My parents had cancer, so I’m afraid I will, too,” it confirms our suspicions that DNA is destiny.The truth, however, is that it doesn’t have to be: The DNA we inherited from our parents does not necessarily determine our fate. In fact, we can modify the behavior of our DNA and genes in striking ways.

GENETIC PROFIL

Adapting diet to Adapting diet to genetic profil?genetic profil?

GENETIC PROFIL

Milk and Lactose Milk and Lactose intolerance intolerance

GENETIC PROFIL

LCT gene SNP

SNPs have been associated with lactase expressionC−13910 (C at position -13910 upstream of the gene LCT) and G−22018 (G at position -22018) are related to lactase nonpersistence While T−13910 and A−22018 are related to lactase persistence

Lactose Intolerance – 4 kindsLactose Intolerance – 4 kinds

Primary lactase deficiency, Secondary lactase deficiency Developmental lactase deficiency Congenital lactase deficiency

GENETIC PROFIL

CCCTTT

GENETIC PROFIL

Genetics of alcohol metabolismAlcohol metabolism occurs mainly via hepatic

oxidation and is governed by the catalytic properties of the alcohol-metabolizing enzymes,

alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2).

Genetic polymorphisms in ADH1B and ALDH2 ,

and ethnic differences in the prevalence of these polymorphisms, result in increased variation in

alcohol metabolism among individuals.

GENETIC PROFIL

Genetics of alcohol metabolismPolymorphisms in ADH1B result in variants that code

for isozymes that tend to show a faster rate of alcohol metabolism, ALDH2*2 polymorphism results in

a “deficient” form of ALDH2 that causes an accumulation of acetaldehyde and its associated

physiological effects. ADH and ALDH polymorphisms are also associated

with a protective effect on the development of alcoholism.

The allele frequencies of ADH1B*2 , ADH1B*3 , and ALDH2*2 are significantly lower in individuals

diagnosed with alcohol dependence compared to controls.

GENETIC PROFIL

Genetics of alcohol metabolism

Further evaluation of the factors, both genetic and environmental, regulating the rates of

alcohol and acetaldehyde metabolism, will help improve our understanding of the metabolic basis and consequences of alcohol’s effects,

including the risk and consequences of alcohol-related organ damage, developmental problems,

as well as alcohol dependence.

GENETIC PROFIL

The efficiency of our saliva

AMY1 provides the information for the body to make amylase in saliva, which is used to

process carbohydrates. People with more of this enzyme seem to

gain more nutrition from bread and vegetables — so much so that those in the

top 10 per cent for the number of AMY1 "copy number variations" are eight times more likely to be obese than those in the

bottom.

GENETIC PROFIL

The efficiency of our saliva

"People with extra copies of this amylase gene are able more efficiently to digest carbohydrates and starch," said Professor Spector. “ By a small

percentage difference, over time they put on more calories than those who have less copies —

even if given the same food.”

GENETIC PROFIL

Testul GenoMav full nutrition

Obesity Stress oxidative Detoxification Inflammation Metabolism of vitamins, salt, lipids, caffeineBone health

GENETIC PROFIL

«NUTRIGENETIC TESTING »

GENETIC PROFIL

GENETIC PROFIL.

BMI - easy to understand graphic and

suggestions….

«NUTRIGENETIC TESTING »

In Europe, this genetic variation determines the persistence of lactase which enables digest lactose in all stages of life.

LCT gene Lactose is digested by the

enzyme lactase. In many regions of the

world its presence decreases significantly with age, so digesting

lactose becomes difficult. Polymorphism C / C

means that the person does not possess genetic

variant that allows durability lactase

therefore will have insufficient capacity to

digest lactose.

GENETIC PROFIL

Diet prescription Refined carbohydrate diet = reduction and glycemic load (GL) <80 g /

PPARG gene and ACE genePPARG gene encoding is a transcription factor that influences the glucose levels and insulin levels. Due to the presence or absence of polymorphism allele Pro12 Ala influence gene expression, and therefore, the amount of protein produced. It was shown that heterozygous individuals for alleles Ala have beneficial effects on blood glucose levels and insulin. In the case of a genotype Pro homozygous alleles for genotype I / I ACE gene it is recommended reducing consumption of refined carbohydrates and sugars, eating foods with low GI (whole grains), with the glycemic load not to exceed 80 grams per day .

GENETIC PROFIL

BMI - easy to understand grafic and

suggestions….

GENETIC PROFIL

APOC3 gene and gene LPL

Recent studies have shown an interaction between these two genes and nutrition. Apolipoprotein C3 is a very low density lipoprotein a (VLDL) and consists mainly of triglycerides. It inhibits lipoprotein lipase APOC3 (LPL) and slows catabolism of triglycerides. Genotype G / G APOC3 is associated with elevated levels of TG. The resulting LPL gene (CC) contributes to changing the lipid profile and is associated with low levels of HDL (good) cholesterol and high levels of triglycerides.

Diet prescription = reducing dietary saturated fat below 16 grams per day, eliminating trans fats, substituting them with a greater amount of olive oil

GENETIC PROFIL

CYP1A2 * 1F gene = 5 CYP1A2 is the gene

coding for the cytochrome P450

enzyme involved in phase I (activation) the elimination of toxins - such as

carcinogens of meat and smoke - and

caffeine metabolism . The genotype of the

homozygous alleles A (AA) coding for the

enzyme activity rapidly and therefore would be activated

quickly prepared meat potentially toxic

substances at high temperatures.

Diet perscription = drastic reduction in the consumption of grilled meats and smoked maximum once a week. As for caffeine, this form of the enzyme metabolizes well.

GENETIC PROFIL

GSTM1 Gene GSTM1 is the gene

coding for the enzyme glutathione S-

transferase family of detoxifying isozymes ,

which catalyze the conjugation different toxic molecules with

glutathione in order to make them less reactive and easily removed from

the body. GSTM1 gene

polymorphism type insertion / deletion, I / D, causes loss of enzymatic

functionality. Diet prescription =

Increased consumption of cruciferous diet

GENETIC PROFIL

SOD2 gene SOD2 is the gene coding for the enzyme manganese superoxide

dismutase MnSOD. Located in the mitochondrial matrix , and is the

first line of defense of cells against free radicals (ROS).

MnSOD catalyzes dismutases of superoxide into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, thereby

removing free radicals from source. Free radicals, although evolutionary

were appointed to assist in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis

are toxic molecules able to induce oxidative damage to biological

macromolecules indiscriminately, and are primarily responsible for

certain pathological conditions and aging. The genetic test

demonstrated heterozygosity for this enzyme.

Profile C / T is associated with an intermediate enzyme activity.

Diet prescription = increase daily intake of folic acid and vitamins B6

and B12.

GENETIC PROFIL

gene IL6 and TNF gene IL6 and genaTNF are gene, coding for pro-

inflammatory cytokines homonyms and are

involved in the regulation of immune response.

Polymorphisms present in these genes, IL-6-

174G / C and TNF-308G / A, affect the amount of cytokines produced. Polymorphism in the gene IL-6, GC, is the substitution of a G

(guanine) and C (cytosine), lead to a

tendency of the increase in the synthesis of the cytokines same name ,

guanine, cytosine Diet perscription =

increasing the amount of omega 3

GENETIC PROFIL

MTHFR gene MTHRF is the gene

coding for the enzyme that is involved in the

metabolism and use of folic acid and vitamins B6 and

B12. This enzyme plays

a central role in DNA synthesis and

methylation. The genotype of 677C / T codes for

an for less efficient enzyme associated

wit h increased plasma levels of homocysteine.

Diet prescription = increase daily

intake of folic acid and vitamins B6 and

GENETIC PROFIL

VDR gene VDR gene is coding

for the vitamin D receptor which

affects the production of

various proteins, some of which are involved in the use

of calcium. The genotype

heterozygous for the allele C (CT), has been shown to influence the absorption of

calcium and the bone structure.

Diet prescription= increasing amounts

of vitamin D and calcium.

GENETIC PROFIL

ACE geneACE gene, which is coding for the homonymous enzyme ACE

that plays a key role in cardiovascular homeostasis.

Gene polymorphism is present in type insertion / deletion (allelesI-insertion-deletion

allele D) and which affects the enzymatic activity. Recent studies have

highlighted the link between genotype I / I, I / D and

sensitivity to salt. Test further showed that

genotype I / I are predisposed to hypertension when salt

intake is excessive. It is recommended to not

consume more than 5.5 grams of salt per day, which

corresponds to 2.2 grams of Na, the molecule responsible

for the taste of salt, and salt’s effects on blood pressure.

Diet prescription = reducing salt intake.

GENETIC PROFIL

ADH1C gene Achohol dehydrogenase 1C

metabolizes to form acetaldehyde, the toxic

compound responsible for the negative effects of excessive

consumption. In turn, acetaldehyde is

metabolized by the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase in non-

toxic compounds. The gene variant tested

produce changes in amino acid sequence which modifies

enzyme efficiency. For example, in the case of the

homozygous genotype A / A alleles Ile (Ile-Ile), which his

characterized by the presence of isoleucine in a specific position

of the sequence amino acid, enzyme catalytic efficiency is elevated metabolizing alcohol

more quickly than Val genotype. Diet prescription = reduce the

amount of alcohol.

GENETIC PROFIL

Personalized RDATrue Nutritional

Prescription

Carb SensitivitySaturated Fat

Sensitivity Exercise Level

GENETIC PROFIL

10 REASONS WHY GENETIC TESTING IS IMPORTANT

1. Genetic testing can help determine your course of treatment

2. Genetic testing can also help determine screening measures for your family

3. Genetic testing as a part of newborn screening

4-5. Genetic testing in the prenatal period.

6. Genetic testing can qualify you for clinical trials

7. Genetic testing can qualify you for screening and prophylactic surgeries

8. Genetic testing can give you peace of mind 9. Genetic testing can help scientists create

cures and medicines 10. Genetic testing may save your life

THE CHALLENGES OF AN EXCITING INDUSTRY — PITFALLS AND SELF-

REGULATION IN CONSUMER GENETICS

The world of consumer genetics is an industry that presents daily

challenges. In giving any level of personal genetic information to the general public, there exists strict standards to which one must hold

oneself, and crucially these standards have to be self-regulated.

Rebecca Robbins at STAT put together her incredibly in-depth and commendably researched piece looking at 5 consumer genetic testing kits, pitting them against each other, with the aim of finding out if:a) there was truth in what these reports saidb) they would explain why she was good at certain sportsc) all the companies relayed the same information pertaining to the genetic markersd) the research was sound (this wasn’t explicitly stated but it became a topic of conversation once the genes underwent deeper investigation)

•Is there a proven connection between the test results and the condition which the test predicts?

•How strong is this connection: is it plausible, probable, or reliable?

•How large was the sample population on which the association was based?

•Has the evidence for this association been published in expert publications?

CHOOSING THE DNA TEST

“I have all these great genes, but they're recessive. That's the

problem here.”

Bill Watterson, The Complete Calvin and Hobbes

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adapting diet to genetic profil

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