active chemistry viaactive chemistry via integrated lab-lecture
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Active Chemistry viaActive Chemistry via Integrated Lab-Lecture
CCourses
David A. KatzD t t f Ch i tDepartment of ChemistryPima Community College
Tucson AZ USATucson, AZ, USA Email: dkatz@pima.edu
Web site: http://www.chymist.comp y
DO YOUR STUDENTSDO YOUR STUDENTS LOOK LIKE THIS?
DO YOUR CLASS GRADES LIKE THIS?
DOES YOUR TEXTBOOK LOOK LIKE THIS?INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRYINTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY
Chapter 1: The Chemical World Chapter 2: Measurement and Problem Solving.Chapter 3: Matter and Energy.Chapter 3: Matter and Energy.Chapter 4: Atoms and Elements.Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Chapter 6: Chemical Composition.Ch t 7 Ch i l R tiChapter 7: Chemical Reactions. Chapter 8: Quantities in Chemical Reactions. Chapter 9: Electrons in Atoms and the Periodic Table.Chapter 10: Chemical Bonding.p gChapter 11: Gases.Chapter 12: Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces.Chapter 13: Solutions.Chapter 14: Acids and BasesChapter 14: Acids and Bases.Chapter 15: Chemical Equilibrium.Chapter 16: Oxidation and Reduction.Chapter 17: Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry.Chapter 18: Organic Chemistry.Chapter 19: Biochemistry.Appendix: Mathematics Review.
DO YOUR LAB EXPERIMENTS LOOK LIKE THESE?Laboratory Experiments for an Introductory Chemistry Coursey p y y
Experiment 1: Measurement and DensityExperiment 2: Solutions and MeasurementExperiment 3: The Use of Physical Properties to Identify an Unknown
CompoundCo pou dExperiment 4: Separation of an Unknown MixtureExperiment 5: Determining the Specific Heat Capacity of a Metal by CalorimetryExperiment 6: Atoms and LightExperiment 7: Reactions of Alkaline Earth MetalspExperiment 8: Identification of an Unknown Metal Carbonate Experiment 9: Single Displacement ReactionsExperiment 10: Double Displacement ReactionsExperiment 11: Determining the Empirical Formula of Magnesium Oxide p g p gExperiment 12: Measuring the Hardness of WaterExperiment 13: Determining the Purity of an Ionic Compound by Chloride
AnalysisExperiment 14: Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxidep p y gExperiment 15: Determination of a Reaction YieldExperiment 16: Molecular Model BuildingExperiment 17: Charles's LawExperiment 18: The Molar Mass of ButanepExperiment 19: Solution MixturesExperiment 20: Introduction to Acids and Bases Experiment 21: Acid-Base Titrations
Why is chemistry “hard”?Why is chemistry hard ?• Technical vocabularyy• Concepts and abstractions – difficult to
relate to everyday• Difficult to visualize electrons, atoms,
molecules, reactions, etc…C t i i f ti t h• Cannot memorize information – must have some degree of understanding
• Boring lectures (“chalk talks”) with a lot of• Boring lectures ( chalk talks ) with a lot of information (information overload)
• Requires mathq
Learning needs to be multisensory
Not this:Not this:
This:
IT’S TIME TO PUT THOSE TEXTBOOKS AND LABORATORY MANUALS WHEREAND LABORATORY MANUALS WHERE
THEY BELONG AND
INTEGRATE LECTURE AND LABINTEGRATE LECTURE AND LAB
WHY INTEGRATE?WHY INTEGRATE?• Small class size• Exciting topics• Multi-sensory learning
Vi li ti f t• Visualization of concepts• Integrate history into the course• Active Learning: Case study/Inquiry and• Active Learning: Case study/Inquiry and
“Hands-in” approach• Students search out information• Relation to everyday materials and
processes• Higher retention of material• Higher retention of material
Make Extensive Use of Hands-on E i t /A ti iti
• Students are actively involved in learningExperiments/Activities
• In chemistry, implementing hands-on experiments in the classroom has been viewed as a difficult undertaking– Materials and apparatus needed
S t– Set-up– Formulation of questions– Time for the activity– Time for the activity– Discussion of results
• In fact, set-ups can be simple with minimumIn fact, set ups can be simple with minimum chemicals and small-scale or microscale
Main ObjectiveMain Objective
Students must be able to locateStudents must be able to locate information, read and understand it, and have the knowledge to makeand have the knowledge to make rational decisions regarding the accuracy of that information to becomeaccuracy of that information to become informed citizens in today’s world.
CHM 121IN: CHEMISTRY AND SOCIETYClass Topics:
(subject to change as issues become current in the news)
Are we alone? Life in the universe and how it is detected
Life on Mars (and elsewhere in the universe)Life on Mars (and elsewhere in the universe)Detecting elements (and compounds) in space
Atoms, elements and chemical bonds
Class Topics (continued):Atmospheric ChemistryGases and the atmosphereOzone depletion andOzone depletion and chlorofluorocarbonsAir pollution
Water and waterWater and water pollution El Nino and climatichchange
Class Topics (continued):Earth ChemistryEnergy sources and resources:
Natural resources: coal, oil, andNatural resources: coal, oil, and natural gas.Alternative sources: wind power, hydroelectric, geothermal, solarhydroelectric, geothermal, solar power.
Class Topics (continued):N l t tNuclear power: reactors to weapons to waste.
The science in i fi tiscience fiction
Nanotechnology
Class Topics (continued):Forensic science.
Material evidenceFingerprintingFingerprintingHair and fiber identificationAnalysis of inks and dyesBlood and blood spatterBlood and blood spatter identification
Drugs (over-the-counter)DNA testing
ADDITIONAL LABORATORY EXPERIMENTSEXPERIMENTS
An Experiment in alchemy: copper silver goldAn Experiment in alchemy: copper, silver, goldProperties of Unknown Substances (written as a
Sherlock Holmes mystery)y y)Sunscreens: Preparation and EvaluationTesting the Waters
fPreparation of MalachiteExtracting a metal from its ore
LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS (continued)O O S (co t ued)
Recycling a metal: The preparation of Alum KAl(SO4)2•12H2OAlum, KAl(SO4)2 12H2O
Crystal growing
Batteries
Construction of a Microscale Fuel Cell
OTHER REQUIREMENTSOTHER REQUIREMENTS
• Take-home exams or worksheetsTake home exams or worksheets• Complete laboratory report sheets
and answer all questionsand answer all questions• Write two reports:
5 pages double spaced (not including diagrams)5 pages double spaced (not including diagrams)Minimum of 3 referencesProper bibliographyTopics:
1. Related to some current issue in chemistry2 A consumer product2. A consumer product
CHM 125IN: CONSUMER CHEMISTRY
Class Topics:
Ch i t b iChemistry basics:Physical and
chemical propertieschemical properties Elements,
compounds, and bonding
Nomenclature basics: inorganic andinorganic and organic
Chemical equations
Class Topics (continued):p ( )
Health and risk: LD50, TLV, Risk Assessment, Safety information - where to find itChemical equations Acids, Bases, and pHThe basic facts: reading labelsThe basic facts: reading labels on products and references to
decipher labelsp
Class Topics (continued):
• Acids, bases, and pH using red cabbage paper
B ff f f– Buffers for reference– Solutions of
household productshousehold products• Indicators using
serial dilutions to observe color changes
Class Topics (continued):Chemistry in the Laundry:
Soaps, detergents and cleaning agentsChemistry of surfaces:Chemistry of surfaces:
Solutions, emulsions and foamsChemistry in the kitchen:
NutrientsFats and oils Chemistry of cooking
Chemistry in the dining room:Foods and food additives
Legal highs: Foods as drugs Vitamins and minerals
Fl d b dFlour and bread Chemistry in the boudoir:
Selling sex: cosmetics and personal care products P fPerfumes Tanning and sunscreens
Class Topics (continued):Chemistry in the medicine cabinet:
Aches, pains, and pills Over the counter medications
Ch i f h d d fChemistry of hardware and softwarePlastics and polymersGlass MetalsMetals Fibers and fabrics Leather Paper Paints Adhesives Concrete
Chemistry in the gardenChemistry in the garden Soil science Pesticides
Swimming pool chemistry g p y
Class Topics (continued):Chemistry and energy
Chemistry and your car y yBatteries Fuel Cells Alternative energy sources: wind power, hydroelectric, gy p , y ,
geothermal, solar power
Chemistry and RadiationRadioactivity Heavy metals and radiation Metals in the environment Biological effects Nuclear energy: reactors and waste Nuclear weapons
LABORATORY EXPERIMENTSd CLASS ACTIVITIESand CLASS ACTIVITIES
The Scientific Method1. Observation/Event2. Hypothesis3. Experiment4. Communication/Publication5 R h G t5. Research Grant6. Experiment7 Theory?7. Theory?8. Verification/modification of theory----------------------------9. Physical Law
The Scientific MethodThe Scientific MethodHypothesis and Experiment
4 d4 cards
Each has a number on one side and a letter on the other side.
Two letters showing, two numbers showingHypothesis: Any card with a vowel (A, E, I, O, U)
on one side has an even number (0 2 4 6 8)on one side has an even number (0, 2, 4, 6, 8) on the other side.
Question: How many cards must we turn over to yprove (or disprove) the hypothesis?
LABORATORY EXPERIMENTSd CLASS ACTIVITIES ( ti d)and CLASS ACTIVITIES (continued)
Mystery Powders: h t dhow to do an
investigation
LABORATORY EXPERIMENTSand CLASS ACTIVITIES (continued)
Chemical Reactionsand CLASS ACTIVITIES (continued)
The Synthesis of Zinc Iodide: Tracking a ChemicalThe Synthesis of Zinc Iodide: Tracking a Chemical Reaction
LABORATORY EXPERIMENTSd CLASS ACTIVITIESand CLASS ACTIVITIES
Acids, Bases, and pH using red cabbage paperEconomics of a Chemical Product The Chemistry of Soaps and Detergents:
Part 1. Preparation of a soap and a detergentPart 1. Preparation of a soap and a detergent Part 2. Properties of soaps and detergents
Testing for StarchTesting for Starch Potato Chip Tasting Extraction of Fat From Potato Chips Popcorn
LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS (continued)
Apple browning: a look at antioxidants Butter in a Bottle How Big is a Fatty Acid Molecule Zip-lock picklesRoot beer Make your own orange drink: food additives and how
they affect our food y
Easy cheese
Esters: The preparation of artificial food flavors
Ch t h Th E t ti d Id tifi ti fChromatography: The Extraction and Identification of Artificial Colors from Foods
LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS (continued)Energy of a Peanut:
Determining the Caloric Content of Selected Foods
How Yeast Works
Testing the Waters: How Good is That Bottled Water and How Effective is Your WaterHow Effective is Your Water Filter
LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS (continued)
Preparation of a Skin Cream Isolation of an essential oil Perfumes Preparation and Evaluation of Sunscreens The Drug Lab: Synthesis of Aspirin and
Acetaminophen Standardization of a Basic Solution and Analysis ofStandardization of a Basic Solution and Analysis of
Stomach Antacid Tablets Identification of a polymer p yLiquid Crystals Polymers Preparation of synthetic rubber
LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS (continued)
Polishing your metals Preparation of a synthetic dye p y yDyes and dyeing Papermaking and evaluation of papers Adhesives Soils and geological formations Mi i f t lMining for natural resourcesMaking pastel crayons Making crayonsMaking crayons
LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS (continued)Batteries
Fuel cells
OTHER REQUIREMENTSOTHER REQUIREMENTS
• Take-home exams or worksheetsTake-home exams or worksheets• Complete laboratory report sheets and
answer all questionsanswer all questions• Write two reports:
5 pages double spacedMinimum of 3 referencesProper bibliographyProper bibliographyTopics: Two unrelated consumer products
Electrolytes and ConductivityElectrolytes and ConductivityNaCl → Na+ + Cl-NaCl Na Cl
Ba(OH)2 + H2SO4 → BaSO4 + 2 H2O
Gases: Experiments with a 140-mL syringe
B l ’ L PV k• Boyle’s Law: PV = k • Expand a marshmallow• Boil water at room
temperaturep• Charles’ Law: V/T = k • Determine mass• Determine mass
(density) of a gas
Molecular ShapesU i M d li Cl d T th i kUsing Modeling Clay and Toothpicks
• The shape of a• The shape of a molecule plays an important role in its preactivity.
• Students cannot think in 3-D
• Manipulating “atoms” into molecular shapes f li VSEPRformalizes VSEPR
Reaction KineticsReaction KineticsIntroduction to reaction kinetics
using Alka-Seltzer
Course syllabi and experimentscan be found atcan be found at
http://www.chymist.comp yOn the left-hand menu, click on
Compleat Chymical Demonstrator or
Magic Into ScienceMagic Into Scienceor, for course information and experiments,
Pima Chem CoursesPima Chem Coursesthen click on appropriate course link:
Chem 121, Chem 125, Chem 130,Chem 151, or Chem 152
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