acids and bases. what are some common acids? vinegar (acetic acid) carbonated drinks (carbonic and...

Acids and BasesAcids and Bases

What are some common acids?

Vinegar (acetic acid) Carbonated drinks (carbonic and phosphoric acid)

Citrus fruits (citric acid) Car battery (sulfuric acid)

What are some common bases?

Milk of magnesia (an antacid containing magnesium hydroxide)

Many cleaning products Ammonia, NH3 (Windex) Sodium hydroxide, NaOH (soap) Sodium hypochlorite, NaClO (bleach)

What properties do acids have?

Acids tend to be: Tart or sour tasting Electrolytes (in solution) React to certain metals to

produce hydrogen gas They can cause chemical

dyes (called indicators) to change colors

What properties do bases have?

Bases tend to be: Bitter tasting Slippery feeling when touched

Able to neutralize an acid Also electrolytes (in solution)

Some Acid and BasesSome Acid and Bases

Some Acid and BasesSome Acid and Bases

Some Acid and BasesSome Acid and Bases

What is an acid?

An acid is a compound that produces hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.

The formula would be HaX, where X is any monatomic or polyatomic anion and a is the anion’s charge.

Naming an AcidWhen the name of the anion

(X) ends in –ide, the name begins with hydro-, then the stem of the anion, then the name ends with –ic

acid instead of -ide.

ex) HCl is hydrochloric acid

Naming an Acid

When the name of the ion ends in –ate,

then the name would be the stem of the anion and the suffix –ic acid instead of-ate.

H2SO4 is sulfuric acid

Naming an Acid

When the name of the ion ends in –ite,

then the name would be the stem of the anion and the suffix –ous acid instead of –ite.

H2SO3 is sulfurous acid

Naming an Acid

Negative ion: Acid Name:_____ ide hydro___ic acid_____ ate _____ic acid

_____ ite _____ous acid

ex) H3P , H3PO4 , H3PO3

Acid Nomenclature Flowchart

h yd ro - p re fix-ic en d in g

2 e lem en ts

-a te en d in gb ecom es-ic en d in g

-ite en d in gb ecom es

-o u s en d in g

n o h yd ro - p re fix

3 e lem en ts

ACIDSs ta rt w ith 'H '

What is a base? A base is a compound that produces hydroxide (OH-) ions when in solution.

Bases are named the same way that an ionic compound would be named.

NaOH is Sodium Hydroxide

Name the following acids and bases:

HClO3

H3PO4

HF HNO3

KOH Ba(OH)2

H3PO3

chloric acid phosphoric acid hydrofluoric acid nitric acid potassium hydroxide

barium hydroxide

phosphorous acid

Write the formula for the following:

hydroiodic acid calcium hydroxide nitrous acid ammonium hydroxide

nitric acid hydrobromic acid phosphoric acid

HI Ca(OH)2

HNO2

NH4OH HNO3

HBr H3PO4