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Accommodations That Work for All Bree Hayes and Jamie Suderman
INTRODUCTION
• Breanna Hayes, B.A. (Hons), RRP
•Employment Coordinator at the Autism Resource Centre, Regina SK
• Jamie, B.Sc., RRP (in progress)
•Employment Consultant at Vancouver Island Vocational and Rehabilitation Services, Courtenay BC
EMPLOYMENT SERVICES
• The Ultimate Goal – Work yourself out of a job
• If you give 100% you have to back away 100%
EMPLOYMENT SERVICES
• Levels of Support
Little-to-no Support Moderate Support A lot of Support
Independent Job Seekers Job Development Customized
Employment
EMPLOYMENT SERVICES
• Disability Specific vs. Generic Employment Services
• Assistance/ intervention varies between people, between disabilities
HEARING IMPAIRMENT
• Range from not being able to hear certain sounds to being completely deaf
• Sounds aren’t loud enough, garbled or unclear
HEARING IMPAIRMENT
Strengths Barriers Accommodations
Capable of physical work Invisible disability
Hearing aids
Understand written
information
Speech difficulties One-to-one communication
Can develop excellent lip
reading abilities
Group settings Mirrors
Telephone communication Email communication
Verbal comprehension Interpreter, TTY phone devices
Emergency alarm
accommodations
HEARING IMPAIRMENT - ACTIVITY
• 1 person to play the part of the deaf/hard of hearing person
• One person reads out the instructions (without speaking – lip reading) while facing the individual
• Another person reads another set of instructions to the person (without speaking – lip reading) while facing to the side
• Did you understand the instructions?
ILLITERACY
• Inability to read or write
• Functional illiteracy
• Reading and writing skills are not adequate to function in daily living or employment
ILLITERACY
Strengths Barriers Accommodations
Very adaptable Invisible disability Support in applying for jobs
Ability to do many jobs Difficulty filling out paper work Talk-to-type apps on mobile
devices
Excellent coping skills Difficulty with email/written
communication
Unable to search and apply
for jobs in technology era
ILLITERACY - ACTIVITY
• Read the job posting provided
• Can you understand all the requirements of the job?
OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER
• Obsessions
• Unwanted or repetitive thoughts or urges that don’t dissipate
• Compulsions
• Actions that help reduce anxiety from the obsessions
OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER
Strengths Barriers Accommodations
Enjoy routine tasks Invisible disability Provide coping strategies
Can be very organized Potential decrease in
productivity
Increased training time
Very rigid/lack flexibility Keep routine tasks
Anxiety
PHYSICAL DISABILITY
• Cerebral Palsy – brain has decreased ability to control muscle coordinator and bodily movements
• Spina bifida – portion of the neural tube that doesn’t close properly or fails to develop which causes spinal cord defects and motor difficulties
• Paralysis – damage to the spinal cord that results in loss of mobility
• Multiple Sclerosis – autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system and results in lack of coordination and movement
• Dystrophy – affects the musculoskeletal system of the body, reduces strength of muscle cells
• Parkinson’s – degenerative disease that affects the central nervous systems, which causes decreased coordination, difficulty walking, tremors etc.
PHYSICAL DISABILITY
Strengths Barriers Accommodations
Often little to no cognitive
impairments
Most likely visible disability –
creates negative perception
Accessible workspace
Adaptable Difficulty with motor skills
(gross or fine)
Ergonomic accommodations
Excellent problem solvers Transportation Employer education
Warm calls with employers
BRAIN INJURY
• Can be traumatic and non-traumatic • Wide range of symptoms depending on area of the brain impacted
BRAIN INJURY
Strengths Barriers Accommodations
Little to no physical limitations Invisible disability Routine jobs
Mood swings Reminder system
Indecisive Increased training time
Confusion Short, concise instructions
Memory or concentration
Problems
Practice appropriate social
behaviours
Balance or coordination
difficulties
DEPRESSION
• Sad, empty, or irritable mood for a period lasting longer than 2 weeks
• Affects cognition, motivation
DEPRESSION
Strengths Barriers Accommodations
Physically able Invisible disability Frequent breaks/Flexible
schedule
Cognitively capable Decreased motivation Give extra time
Emotional dysregulation Checklists
Fatigue Breakdown of jobs into small
tasks
Decreased affect Praise achievements
AUTISM
• Spectrum disorder: Autism <--> Aspergers <--> PDD-NOS
• Affects individuals in three key areas:
• Social communication
• Repetitive behaviour
• Sensory considerations
• Anxiety also affects individuals
AUTISM
Strengths Barriers Accommodations
Visual thinkers Invisible disability Routine jobs
Concrete and logical Social awkwardness Task checklist
Good memory Extremely rigid Visual schedules
Honest Anxiety Sensory accommodations
Enjoy routines Sensory difficulties Practice appropriate social
interactions
Communication difficulties
AUTISM-ACTIVITY
Required: 2 people, 1 shoe with laces, paper, pen
- Person #1 writes step-by-step instructions about how to tie shoelaces
- Person #2 follows instructions exactly (no inferring, no assuming!)
- What was it like writing instructions? What was it like following instructions?
ANXIETY
Strengths Barriers Accommodations
Affinity for routine Invisible disability Routine jobs
Good memory Illogical Task checklist
Physically capable Inability to decide/proceed Advance notice of change
Fearful Practice future interactions
Clear expectations
ANXIETY- SITUATIONS
• ARa: unable to respond when coworkers invite her for coffee
• BB: unsure how to say hello to coworkers
• DS: afraid to be fired, doesn’t want to ask for clarification re: a task at work
SUMMARY
• Everyone has strengths
• When finding employment, focus on what they enjoy and what they are good at
• Barriers can be overcome with simple accommodations
SUMMARY
• Invisible vs. visible disabilities
• Pose different challenges
• Things to consider: Disclosure decisions, effects on work, staff and employer perceptions
SUMMARY
• Accommodations
• Require creativity
• Ask your jobseekers
• Do not always require significant expenses
• Very rarely do
• Cross-barrier accommodations: Don’t re-invent the wheel
• Employers are open to inclusion if it’s made easy for them
QUESTIONS?
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