abstraction

ABSTRACTION

SENSIBLE

ESSENTIAL

CONCRETE

MENTAL

PERSONAL INTERPRETATION( RELATIVE)/ POWER

OF NAMING & LABELING

THING ITSELF (AS IT IS)

1. CONNOTES: (SUBJECTIVE/ SECONDARY QUALITIES)“PARTICULAR/ SPECIFIC” meaning of

something. (particular idea)essence and function of a termGroup of characteristics essential to a

term.E.g. a connotation of a medical doctor

is a man that performs medical functions.Constitutes the essence of all those men

to whom the term “DOCTOR” applies.

CONNOTATION & DENOTATION (LOGICAL PROPERTIES OF TERMS)

2. DENOTES: (OBJECTIVE/ PRIMARY QUALITIES)

set of things/persons to which the term or connotation refers.Also known as “PHYSICAL” extension.

CONNOTATION & DENOTATION (LOGICAL PROPERTIES OF TERMS)

What’s the connotation of the term ‘cute?’

Its denotation?

DENOTATION OF CUTE

The idea that you believe is true even though you do not have proof

IN LOGIC: a relation between a term, and the objects which it ultimately

signifies.

ESSENCE OF A TERM?

NAGAMIT VS MASABI LANG

a word is a term if: “used” in a statement.

Use vs. Mention (subject of a statement vs. redundancy)‘‘‘Wherever’ is an eight-letter word.’’ (supposition of terms)

‘‘I will follow you wherever you go.’’

THE INTENSION AND EXTENSION OF TERMS

SUPPOSITIONRelationship: term (SUBJ) + what it designates

(PREDICATE/ OBJ)CLASSIFICATION

I. PROPER SUPPOSITION = “REAL” disposition

1. MATERIALWithout reference to its real meaningMan is a “three letter word”

2. FORMALReal meaning of the termA) LOGICAL: “Conceptual”/ “abstract”- Man is a universal beingB) REAL: “Physical”-drinking cold beer has been part of man’s recreational activities

II. IMPROPER SUPPOSITION = implies another “suggestion”/ metaphors/ figurative speech/ double

meaningE. g.Alam mo isusumbong kita sa MMDA. Binangga mo kasi ang puso

ko!

Ideas = Words = subject matter = terms = concretized = signs = symbols = MEANINGS!

MEANINGS: INTENSIONAL & EXTENSIONALIntension determines extension

INTENSIONAL MEANINGAttributes that the term CONNOTESspecificCONNOTATION

EXTENSIONAL MEANINGMembers of the class that the term DENOTESDENOTATIONGeneral

THE INTENSION AND EXTENSION OF TERMS

INTENSIONAL MEANING OF A PUSSY CAT:Furry4 legsCharming

EXTENSIONAL MEANING OF A PUSSY CAT:Persian Peterbald Brazilian ShorthairUkranian Levkoy

INTENSIONAL MEANING

INTENSIONAL MEANING OF AN IDEAL PARTNER:sexyFair complexionTallIntellectualWealthy

EXTENSIONAL MEANING OF AN IDEAL PARTNER:Demi MooreGloria DiazAnabelle Rama

no members.Include:

“white lady”“manananggal.”

“Darna & Captain Barbell”

EMPTY EXTENSION

Increasing intension/ decreasing extension: from general to specific

termE.g. continent

asia(general), Philippines, Luzon, Taguig, GCIC (particular)

Decreasing intension/ increasing extension: from specific to general

termGCIC

GCIC (particular), Taguig, Luzon, Philippines, Asia, Continent (general)

INCREASING & DECREASING: INTENSION & EXTENSION

The connotation and denotation of a term are inversely proportional As the connotation increases, its denotation decreases (vice versa)

CONNOTATION & DENOTATION (LOGICAL PROPERTIES OF TERMS)