absolute monarchy objective: identify what factors allowed absolute monarchs to gain power in europe
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Absolute MonarchyAbsolute MonarchyObjective: Identify what Objective: Identify what factors allowed absolute factors allowed absolute
monarchs to gain power in monarchs to gain power in Europe.Europe.
Factors leading to Absolute Factors leading to Absolute MonarchsMonarchs
Crusades killed many feudal lordsCrusades killed many feudal lords Rising middle class supported monarch Rising middle class supported monarch
to protect property and tradeto protect property and trade Reformation gave powers formerly held Reformation gave powers formerly held
by Catholic Churchby Catholic Church Spirit of nationalism made monarch a Spirit of nationalism made monarch a
symbol of unitysymbol of unity
Divine RightDivine Right
King ruled by God’s King ruled by God’s authorityauthority
Obedience to king Obedience to king was obedience to was obedience to GodGod
King could do no King could do no wrongwrong
Rise of the Nation-StateRise of the Nation-State
Began when a strong ruler expanded Began when a strong ruler expanded control to a larger areacontrol to a larger area
Eventually, monarch rule free from Eventually, monarch rule free from external political or religious controlexternal political or religious control
In England and France the monarch In England and France the monarch united people of a common nationality united people of a common nationality (similar language, customs, history)(similar language, customs, history)
People transferred loyalty from local People transferred loyalty from local lord to monarch & nationlord to monarch & nation
Case Study: Absolute Case Study: Absolute Monarchy FranceMonarchy France
Louis XIV (Bourbon Dynasty) 1638-1715Louis XIV (Bourbon Dynasty) 1638-1715 Most powerful monarch in French historyMost powerful monarch in French history Dissenters and critics were punishedDissenters and critics were punished Interfered in economic and religious lives Interfered in economic and religious lives
of his subjectsof his subjects Demanded the Huguenots (French Demanded the Huguenots (French
Protestants) convert to Catholicism or Protestants) convert to Catholicism or leaveleave
Built magnificent Palace of VersaillesBuilt magnificent Palace of Versailles
Palace of VersaillesPalace of Versailles Cost of palace weakened French financesCost of palace weakened French finances Became ideal of European royaltyBecame ideal of European royalty French became language of diplomacy French became language of diplomacy
throughout Europethroughout Europe
Jean ColbertJean Colbert
Louis XIV’s most outstanding Louis XIV’s most outstanding financial advisorfinancial advisor
Promoted Mercantilism: Promoted Mercantilism: economic system based on idea economic system based on idea that a country’s wealth is that a country’s wealth is measured by amt. of gold & measured by amt. of gold & silver it hassilver it has
Caused gov’t interference in Caused gov’t interference in nation’s industry & tradenation’s industry & trade
ConclusionConclusion
Louis XIV involved France in series of Louis XIV involved France in series of wars to expand French Frontierwars to expand French Frontier
In the end, his aggressive actions In the end, his aggressive actions served to unite rest of Europe served to unite rest of Europe against Franceagainst France
France was left bankrupt & France was left bankrupt & exhaustedexhausted
England: England: A Case Study in Limited A Case Study in Limited
MonarchyMonarchy Monarchs not able to establish Monarchs not able to establish absolute ruleabsolute rule
Middle Ages: strong checks placed on Middle Ages: strong checks placed on king’s authorityking’s authority
King John (1167-1216) – heavy taxes & King John (1167-1216) – heavy taxes & abuses of powerabuses of power
Nobles and church threatened civil Nobles and church threatened civil war and forced him to sign the Magna war and forced him to sign the Magna CartaCarta
Magna CartaMagna Carta“Great Charter” (Latin)“Great Charter” (Latin)
Trial by jury for all freemen Trial by jury for all freemen (small number in 1215)(small number in 1215)
Right to a trialRight to a trial King can not levy taxes King can not levy taxes
without agreement of without agreement of peoplepeople
Power of the law is greater Power of the law is greater than the power of the kingthan the power of the king
Considered the cornerstone Considered the cornerstone of English democracy and of English democracy and later became basis for later became basis for English political libertiesEnglish political liberties
The Tudor Dynasty: The Tudor Dynasty: ‘Almost’ Absolute Monarchy ‘Almost’ Absolute Monarchy Henry VIII (1491-1547)- broke with Henry VIII (1491-1547)- broke with
church because Pope refused to grant church because Pope refused to grant him a divorce to Spanish wife: Catherine him a divorce to Spanish wife: Catherine of Aragonof Aragon
Induced parliament to pass “Act of Induced parliament to pass “Act of Supremacy” which instituted independent Supremacy” which instituted independent Anglican Church of England with king as Anglican Church of England with king as religious leaderreligious leader
Married Anne Boleyn, their daughter later Married Anne Boleyn, their daughter later became Queen Elizabeth Ibecame Queen Elizabeth I
Elizabeth IElizabeth I
Queen of England Queen of England (1558-1603)(1558-1603)
Encouraged trade, art, Encouraged trade, art, & literature& literature
Transformed England Transformed England into leading world into leading world powerpower
Preserved Preserved Protestantism in Protestantism in EnglandEngland
Key Difference in EnglandKey Difference in England
Legislative Assembly : Parliament made Legislative Assembly : Parliament made up of House of Lords and House of up of House of Lords and House of CommonsCommons
Tudors in England allowed the English Tudors in England allowed the English parliament to retain its powers to make parliament to retain its powers to make laws and levy taxeslaws and levy taxes
Henry VIII & daughter Elizabeth I were Henry VIII & daughter Elizabeth I were almost absolute rulers because they almost absolute rulers because they controlled parliament with persuasion, controlled parliament with persuasion, flattery, bribery, or bullyingflattery, bribery, or bullying
Absolute Monarchy: A Absolute Monarchy: A SummarySummary
StrengthsStrengths
Weakened forces Weakened forces that tended to that tended to disunite a countrydisunite a country
Provided strong Provided strong central central governmentgovernment
Furthered the Furthered the growth of national growth of national statesstates
WeaknessesWeaknesses One nation’s welfare One nation’s welfare
was dependent on was dependent on one personone person
Often sacrificed Often sacrificed national interest for national interest for king’s personal king’s personal interestinterest
Countless warsCountless wars Disregarded needs of Disregarded needs of
common peoplecommon people
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