absolute monarchs philip ii elizabeth i henry iv louis xiv peter the great frederick the great...
Post on 01-Jan-2016
223 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Absolute Monarchs
Philip II
Elizabeth I
Henry IV
Louis XIV
Peter the Great
Frederick the Great
Catherine the Great
Philip II 1556-1598 Spain Catholic Pol: increased Hapsburg family power; made Castille
(Madrid) center of Spain Soc: Supported Inquistion, put down Aragon revolt in
1590s, Golden Age: 1550-1650, Cervantes wrote Don Quixote
Ec: great wealth from overseas trade, heavy inflation War(s): Netherlands revolt, 1567 (independence declared,
1581); naval victory over Turks in the Med. Sea, 1571; Spanish Armada defeated by English, 1588 - *Turning Point
Elizabeth I
1558-1603 England Anglican Pol: never married –”The Virgin Queen”,
increased navy, balance of power Soc: Elizabethan Age, middle class “gentry”
source of Tudor stability, lowest rank - “yeomen”
Ec: English “sea dogs” raided Spanish ships; heavy debt
War: Spanish Armada defeated, 1588
Henry IV (Bourbon dynasty)
1589-1610 France Protestant-con. To Catholicism Pol: “Paris is worth a Mass”, Assassinated 1610;
Cardinal RICHELIEU real power in France, 1624-1642 Soc: Edict of Nantes (1598)-protected Huguenots (Prot.);
intendants were middle class govt. officials Ec: improved economy War(s): 30 Years War (1618-1648) – R. joined with
Protestant side to defeat Spanish & Austrian Hapsburgs in the German states
Louis XIV
1643-1715 France Catholic Pol: Longest reign, Sun King, “I am the state” Soc: Versailles, Repealed Nantes Edict (1685) Ec: tax burden on the poor, projects & wars left
France in near ec. Ruin War(s): Fronde rebellion (1648-53), War of
Spanish Succession (1701-13) – lost to Britain & allies
Peter the Great
1689-1725 Russia Eastern Orthodox Pol: built St. Petersburg, settlements in Siberia, Alaska;
made R. a European power; goal was to modernize and westernize
Soc: Turned R. to the west, church under his rule, serfs have little freedom
Ec: reforms had limited success, beard tax War(s): defeated Sweden (1721) & gained access to
Baltic Sea; failed to win Black Sea port from Turks
Frederick the Great
1740-1763 Prussia Lutheran Pol: attacked Maria Theresa’s Austria, P.
becomes European power Soc: military glorified, Junkers (nobles) with
great power Ec: retained territory of Silesia War(s): War of the Austrian Succession (1748),
Seven Years War (1756-1763)
Catherine the Great
1762-1796 Russia Eastern Orthodox Pol: Seized throne from weak husband, took
Black Sea port (Crimea peninsula), helped carve up Poland
Soc: influenced by enlightenment thought Ec: plight of serfs actually worsened War(s): crushed revolts, defeated Turks to gain
warm –water port
top related