การวิเคราะห์โครงสร้าง 1 (structural analysis)€¦ ·...
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( ) 1858/87-90
- 10260 0-2739-8222 0-2739-8359 comment@se-ed.com
1 (Structural Analysis) . . . .
420
. . . . . 2558 . . . .
4 1 0 - 0 4 6 - 5 2 4 0 8 5 5 6 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 8
, . .
1 (Structural Analysis).— : , 2558. 524 . ( ). I. , . ., . II. . 624. 7 ISBN 978-6 6-08-243 -
1858/87-90 - 10260 0-2739-8000
. (1991) 23/71/73 1 10 -
10150 0-2451-3010 . . 2558
8 2 4
1 0 9 8 0 - 0 4 6 5 5 6 4 3 26 46 4 5 4 6 5 6 4
คํานํา
1 2
2
3 4 5 6
7 8
.
. . .
, . , . . . Professor Yunping Xi University of Colorado at
Boulder . .
2 3
4 1
. .
. .
. .
.
. , . . Asian Institute of
Technology Professor Arvind Shah University of Manitoba
University of Manitoba
Mr. James Dickinson
. .
Univ
nitoba
of ManitobArvind Shah
iversity of Ma
a ogy Profess
U
สารบัญ
1 1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
2 2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3 3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
9
9
1
15
26
31
33
39
41
41
44
54
78
91
99
99
103
104
111
114
6 1
3.6
3.7
4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
5 5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
6 6.1
6.2
6.3
120
127
129
137
137
137
139
144
155
156
173
197
202
210
217
217
218
221
237
253
270
294
301
301
305
307
7
6.4 -
6.5 -
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
6.10
6.11
7
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5 -
8 8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
309
321
335
345
350
352
357
364
367
375
375
376
409
440
456
473
481
481
485
489
494
505
514
521
บทนํา(Introduction) 1
1.1
(Structural Analysis and Structural Design)
(Structural analytical model)
1.1
l ti
10 1
1.2 (Types of Structures) 5
(Trusses) (Frames)
(Arch) (Membranes, plates and shells) (Cable)
(Trusses)
(Slender elements)
(Axial force)
(Bolts) (Rivets) (Planar
trusses) (Space trusses)
1.2
(Frames)
(Moment) (Shear) 3
(Rigid frames) (Simple frames)
(Semi-rigid frames)
1.3
(Arch)
(Gravity or vertical load) (Compression)
(Span)
(Supports) (Horizontal load)
1.4
3
(Simple fra
es) ar)
gid frames) mes)
(Fraent) (Sh
(
(Semi-
11
(Analytical
model)
( )
1.1
( )
12 1
1.2 Queensboro, NY
( : wirednewyork.com, 2002)
( )
( )
1.3
13
1.4 Castlewood Canyon, CO
( : kermode.wordpress.com, 2011)
(Membranes, plates and shells) (Thin-
walled structures)
(Membranes) (Tensile force)
(Plates)
(Shells)
1.5
(Cable) (Suspension and cable-stayed
bridges)
1.6
ile force)
(Membran
(Tens
d structures)
mbranes) )es
ru
)
ureucturresstr
) s)
resucturstrutructure
es)
14 1
1.5 Millennium Dome, UK.
( : www.independent.co.uk, 2015)
1.6 Tsing-Ma, Hong Kong
( : www.patnotebook.com, 2009)
3 (Axial force members)
(Flexural members)
15
. (Loads on Structures) 2
(Dead load)
(Live load)
. (Vertical live load)
(1) (Vertical live loads for buildings)
1.1
1.2
(2) (Vertical live loads for highway bridges) AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Officials)
2 (Two-axle truck) 3 (Three-axle truck)
(Uniform lane loading)
2 6 2 H15-44
H20-44 H 2 2
2
1.7( )
3 2 HS15-44
HS20-44 HS 3 2
1 1
(1) ings)
16 1
2
1.7( )
1.7( ) 1.3
1.1 ( . . 2522)
( ./ . .)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6. ( )
( )
7. ( )
( )
8. ( )
( )
9.
10.
50
100
150
200
250
300
300
400
400
500
500
600
800
200
250
17
1.2 ( . . 2522)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
-
-
-
10
20
30
40
50
36 kN 144 kN
H20-44
4.27
0.1W
0.1W
0.1W
0.1W
1.83 3.05
( )
P
w
( )
36 kN 144 kN 144 kN
4.27
0.1W
0.1W
0.4W
0.4W
1.83 3.05
0.4W
0.4W
4.27-9.15
0.8W0.2W 0.8W
HS20-44
( )
1.7 AASHTO
N 144 kN
H20-44
18 1
1.3 P w
(w ) (kN/m) ( P ) (kN)
H20 HS20
H15 HS15
9.3
7.0
80
60
116
87
72 7
1.8
(3) (Vertical live loads for railway bridges) 2 J-15-4.5
J-14-4.2
1.9 1.4
(Impact factor, I )
30537
15.
.LI (1.1)
I
L
1.9 41.
4.2
19
29 kN 29 kN 29 kN 91 kN 91 kN 91 kN
91 kN 91 kN46 kN 82 kN 82 kN
4.30 1.601.60 5.10
19.20
1.60 5.00
1.40 5.40 4.00
16.70
4.30 1.601.40 5.40 2.20
9.00
68 kN 68 kN
4.30 1.60
29 kN 91 kN
1.40 5.40 3.50
16.20
46 kN 82 kN
1.60
82 kN
1.60 5.10
19.50
46 kN 82 kN
1.60
82 kN
1.705.10
10.00
82 kN 82 kN
1.601.608.00
(Single Tyre)
(Double Tyre)
:
91 kN 91 kN46 kN 82 kN 82 kN
4.30 1.601.60 5.10
22.20
1.60 8.00
1.60
(Trailer)
(Trailer) (Semi-trailer)
(Trailer) (10-Wheel truck)
(Trailer) (6-Wheel truck)
1.8
19.20
(Trailer)mi-trailer)
5.10
10.00
1.60
(S
20 1
1.9
1.4
(kN) (kN/m)
J-15-4.5
J-14-4.2
150
140
45
42
30L14010
30
4000
700
2
.
L
LL
.
I (1.2)
(1.2)
(1.2)
80600
80
200
1
L.
LL
(1.3)
. (Horizontal live load)
( ) (Wind load)
Bernoulli’s theorem
(1.4)
(Dynamic pressure)
P
1.70 1.70 5.50 1.70 1.70 3.20 1.70 1.70 5.50 1.70 1.70 1.60
P P P P P P P P P P P w
P w
2
2
1vq
q
v
0 30
L
(1.2) (1(1(1.2
21
15 oC (1.4)
(1.5)
( ./ . .)
( ./ .)
(1.5)
(Shape coefficient, )
(Static pressure) (1.5)
(1.6)
( ./ . .)
1.3 (Windward) 0.8
(Leeward) 0.5 (Pressure force)
(Suction force)
( ) 30o
30o
( 1.10)
(1.7)
(1.8)
1.5
20048260 v.q
q
v
sC
qCps
p
sC
sC
sC
sC
sC
sC
o
oo
oo
o
s
.
..
..
.
C
6090
603090030
302012070
2070
70.Cs
0.5
e)
eeward)
(Suction forc
(Pressur (
)
sC
sC
22 1
1.10
1.5 ( . . 2522)
( )
( ./ . .)
( =1.3)
( ./ .)
10
10 20
20 40
40
50
80
120
160
89
113
138
160
( ) (Earthquake load)
49 ( . . 2540)
. . 2550
49 3
" " 7
" 1"
" 2" 10 49
49
5,000 10
H qs
C
quake load) (Earth
40
( )
23
1
300 250
50
(1.9)
( )
0.38
1.6
1.7
(Free vibration)
(1.10)
(Period) ( )
(1.11)
( )
( )
(Resonance)
1.8
= 1.5
(1.12)
+25% ( )
ZIKCSWV
V
Z
Z
I
K
C
120
15
1.
T
C
T
D
H.T
090
H
D
S
S
140.CS
W
(Free vib
1
1.7
( )
ation
K
C
24 1
(Ductile material)
(1.13)
1.6 ( ) ( 49 . . 2540)
1.
2. 300
3.
1.50
1.25
1.00
1.7 ( 49 . . 2540)
1. (Shear wall)
(Braced frame)
2. (Ductile
moment resisting space frame)
3.
1)
25%
2)
3)
(Rigidity)
4. 4
( 0.12
0.25)
5. 1 2 3 4
1.33
0.67
0.80
2.50
1.00
N.T 100
N
I
I
K
K
K C
(Shear wall)
Braced frame)
(Ductile
1.33 (
t resisting sp
25
1.8 ( 49 . . 2540)
1. (Shale)
60
2. 60
3.
9
1.0
1.2
1.5
(1.9)
(1.14)
(1.15)
( )
( )
( )
( )
(1.9)
( 1)
S
S
70250070
700
.TV.TV.
.T
Ft
N
jjj
ii
ti
HW
HWFVF
1
tF
iF i
iW i
iH i
jH
N
j
W
1
(1.1
iF
i
tF
t
26 1
1.4 (Structural Idealization)
(Supports)
(Cable) (Link) (Roller and socket) (Hinge or
pin) (Fixed support)
1.9
1.9
1
1
1
2
3
xF
F
yF
M
F
F
xF
yF
27
(Cable)
(Link)
(Roller and socket)
(Hinge or pin)
(Fixed support) 3
(Idealized structures) (Exact analysis)
1.11( ) P A
B
1.11( )
400x200x66.0 / ( . 1227-2539) 6
40 A
A 0.0019 (0.11o)
l
P
(Fixed sup
28 1
1.11( ) A
0.38
A
1.11 ( ) ( )
( ) A
(Trolley) 1.12( )
( ) B
A
F
1.12( )
(Load transfer)
(Girder)
l/2l/2
.
.
0.11o
0.11o
P
A B
P
A B
l/2 l/2
( )
( ) ( )
l/2 .l/l/2l/l/2
29
1.47 /
1.13( ) 10
2.35 / (Joists) 2
AB CD
(Tributary area)
2
(1.47+2.35 / )(2 ) = 7.64 /
1.13( )
(7.64 / )(6 ) = 22.92
2.13 ( )
AD BC 11.46
1
1.12 ( ) ( )
2
1
F
A
B3.00
4.004.00
3.00
B
F
A
( ) ( )( ) ( )
B
3.00 3.00BBBBBBB
30 1
( )
1.13
A
D
3@2.006.00
2.00
B
C
7.64 kN/m
22.92 kN 22.92 kN
6.00 2@3.00
22.92 kN 22.92 kN11.46 kN 11.46 kN
A B
( ) ( )
2.00
31
1.5 (Linear Structural Analysis) (Force) (Dis-
placement) (Internal forces)
(Working loads)
(Deflection)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(Buckling)
(Principle of
superposition) (Stress)
1.14 1.14 ( )
1.14( ) 1.14( )
1.15
1.15( )
w P
w
P
w P
w P
(Princ
(Stress)rposition))on)n)nion)
32 1
1.14
1.15
( 2)
A B
RAw
RBw
L
w
P
A B
RA
RB
L
w
a
P
A B
RAP
RBP
L
a
( ) ( ) ( )
A B
w
P
A B
w
P
A B
( ) ( ) ( )
2
L
2
L Pw
2
L
2
L
2
L
2
L
( )
2 2
( )
2
)
2
L
2
L
)( ))( )
33
1.6 (Analysis of Symmetric Structures with
Symmetric and Anti-symmetric Loading)
(Symmetric load pattern) (General load pattern)
(Anti-symmetric load pattern)
1.16
1.17
34 1
1.16
1.17
( )
R=P R=PM M
H H
P P
a a
L L
( ) Portal
R RC
0
w
L L
R R0
( )
R RM M
H=P H=P
P P
L L
L L
( ) Portal
a a
P P
1.16
( )
35
(
)
(Symmetric structures with symmetric loading)
1.
2.
3. (Elastic curve)
1.18 ( ) 1.16( )
1.18( ) Portal 1.16( )
36 1
1.18
0
R
M
w
L 2
C
R RC
0
w
L L
0
R
M
w
L2
C
( )
( ) Portal
R=P M
H
P
a
L L
R=PM
H
P
a
R=PM
H
P
aM
1
H
R=P M
H
P
aM
1
H
HH
37
(Symmetric structures with anti-symmetric loading)
1.
2.
.
1.17( )
1.19( )
1.17( )
1.19( )
1.17( )
1.19( )
38 1
1.19
R0
L L
a
P
R a
P
0
0
R a
P
L
C Ra
P
L
C
0
( )
R M
H=P
P
L L
RM
P
H=P
RM
P
H=P
R
R M
P
H=P
R
( ) Portal
P
39
1.7 (Methods of Structural Analysis)
.
.
(
)
. (Constitutive laws)
( 2) 1
(Force method)
(Displacement method)
(D
(Force metho
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