a war between the states

A War A War Between the Between the

StatesStatesThe United States Civil WarThe United States Civil War

Waverly-Shell Rock Junior HighWaverly-Shell Rock Junior High

U.S. HistoryU.S. History

The Election of 1860

Stephen A. Douglas, favored

by northern democrats

because of his stance on popular

sovereignty.

John Bell, favored by

Constitutional Union Party

because of his belief in keeping

the country together.

Election results on pp. 403 of old text…

Abraham Lincoln, favored by the

Republican Party because of his belief in limiting the spread of slavery in the western

territories.

John C. Breckenridge,

favored by southern democrats because

of his stance on state rights and

protection of slavery.

Stephen Douglas with one foot through the Cincinnati Platform and the other on the Mason Dixon Line waves two flags: SOUTH. Dred Scott Decision" and NORTH. Unfriendly Legislation.

Lincoln stands on a No

Extension of Slavery

platform holds tight with his

right hand the rope around

Douglas' neck which reads:

Squatter sovereignty,

and brandishes a rail with his

left.

John Bell stands on the ground without a platform and has a bell over

his head;

John C. Breckinridge seated behind

him writing New York

Ledger; his head is also

under the bell.

A Political Cartoon…

Another Political Cartoon…

John Bell: Bless my soul I give up. John C. Breckinridge: That long

legged Abolitionist is getting ahead of us after all.

Stephen Douglas: I never run so in my life.

One more…

John C. Breckinridge dances with President James

Buchanan.

Dred Scott seated

plays the violin.

Lincoln dances with African American

woman.

John Bell dances with Native American.

Stephen Douglas dances with a

sovereign in rags.

Election Results…

????Electoral College on pp.

196 of new text…

December 20December 20thth, 1860, 1860

Before Abraham Lincoln was even sworn into office, South Carolina makes true on its threat to leave the Union.

South Carolina seceded for much the same reason the 13 colonies separated from Great Britain; they felt their rights were no longer protected under the Constitution.

The Confederate States of America

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How is the How is the Confederate ConstitutionConfederate Constitution different from the United States?different from the United States?

A Confederate state is

“sovereign and independent”

A Confederate Congress cannot

mess with slavery

Tariffs are now banned on

imports

A president may only serve

one six year term.

Who will lead this independent nation?Who will lead this independent nation?

Jefferson Davis, of Mississippi

Grew up on a plantation with many slaves

Strong military background

Served in both houses of the US Government

Secretary of War for President Pierce

What about the US Forts?

April 12April 12thth, 1861, 1861A War BeginsA War Begins

Fort Sumter, South Fort Sumter, South CarolinaCarolina

The confederate victory was considered by most historians to be the start of the Civil War.

Visual on pp. 511 of new text…

More States Join the South

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DDDD

Why Fight?Why Fight?

Put an end to slavery Put an end to slavery once and for allonce and for all

Preserve the UnionPreserve the Union U.S. Constitution binds U.S. Constitution binds

North and South North and South togethertogether

Slavery is an Slavery is an economic necessityeconomic necessity

Cotton clashes with Cotton clashes with manufacturingmanufacturing

Fight to live the way Fight to live the way they want to livethey want to live

States rights come States rights come before federal powerbefore federal power

StrengthsStrengths

22 million people22 million people Plenty of food & Plenty of food &

suppliessupplies Railroads & Railroads &

ManufacturingManufacturing Banks & Strong Banks & Strong

GovernmentGovernment Plenty of WeaponsPlenty of Weapons

Fight will be on home Fight will be on home soilsoil

Fight on the defensiveFight on the defensive Outdoor living skillsOutdoor living skills Military leaders among Military leaders among

the best (West Point)the best (West Point)

Volunteers?Volunteers?

75,000 called to serve 75,000 called to serve for 3 monthsfor 3 months

African Americans are African Americans are turned awayturned away

100,000 called to 100,000 called to serve for 12 monthsserve for 12 months

“Yankees” “Rebs”

How will the North Win?How will the North Win?

Invade the SouthInvade the South Control Mississippi Control Mississippi

RiverRiver Divide confederate Divide confederate

territory in twoterritory in two Blockade southern Blockade southern

ports (supplies)ports (supplies) Capture capital: Capture capital:

Richmond, VirginiaRichmond, Virginia

How will the South Win?How will the South Win?

Hold out long enough so North will grow tired

Pure Defense

Capture Washington D.C.

Split the North in two?

Secure foreign aid (Britain and France)

End Day #1

You’ve seen this before…Notice anything?You’ve seen this before…Notice anything?

Our troops are seasoned

fighters who have seen war

many times before.

We have all the money we need to fight

this war.

We have one of the largest navies in the

World.

Some of your own people are

fighting on our side.

Our troops lack experience and

training

We need more money and

equipment. We think we know how to get it.

We know the land like the back of our hands.

Your enemies want to help us beat you.

Who was who? Does it relate to this war?

Bull RunBull Run, , (Manassas Junction)(Manassas Junction) Spring 1861Spring 1861 30 miles from Washington D.C.30 miles from Washington D.C.

The first major engagement of the Civil War. The first major engagement of the Civil War.

This battle proved to both sides, the war would not end quickly.

28,45032,230

2,9501,750

ShilohShiloh, , Early 1862Early 1862 General Ulysses S. GrantGeneral Ulysses S. Grant attacks in attacks in

an attempt to capture the an attempt to capture the Mississippi River. Mississippi River.

The Fight in the West

65,08544,968

13,04710,699

BULL RUN

1861

FORT SUMTER

1860

SHILOH

1862

RICHMOND

1862

General Sherman pushes south

to control Mississippi.

Lee prevents Union capture of

Richmond

How is it going?

AntietamAntietam, , Sept. 1862Sept. 1862 Lee leads 40,000 troops on Lee leads 40,000 troops on Washington D. C.Washington D. C.

but is pushed back to Virginia. but is pushed back to Virginia.

Union forces turn back Lee’s first invasion of the North. The loss discouraged foreign support of the

Confederate States. Bloodiest day of fighting.

BULL RUN

1861

FORT SUMTER

1860

SHILOH

1862

RICHMOND

1862

2nd BULL RUN

1862

ANTIETAM

1862

How is it going?

Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation, 1862, 1862

Five days after the victory at Five days after the victory at AntietamAntietam, , President LincolnPresident Lincoln makes an announcement makes an announcement that shocks both nations. that shocks both nations. (Video Clip?)(Video Clip?)

“As of January 1st, 1863, all persons held as slaves within any state…in rebellion against the United States,

shall be then, henceforth, and forever free.”

Free! Free! Free!

Lincoln’s proclamation gave the Union soldiers a reason to continue fighting and hoped to discourage France

and Great Britain from aiding the South.

Robert E. Lee Robert E. Lee Discourages NorthDiscourages NorthFredericksburgFredericksburg,,

Virginia, Dec. 1862Virginia, Dec. 1862Union 100,007/ CS 72,497Union 100,007/ CS 72,497(US 13,353, CSA 4,576)(US 13,353, CSA 4,576)recorded as one of the worst defeats in US recorded as one of the worst defeats in US

Army history.Army history.

ChancellorsvilleChancellorsville, ,

May 1862May 1862Lee beat back 120,000 US troops with Lee beat back 120,000 US troops with

60,000. 60,000. Stonewall Jackson Falls Stonewall Jackson Falls (US 14,000/ CSA 10,000) (US 14,000/ CSA 10,000) (Video Clip? X2)(Video Clip? X2)

BULL RUN

1861

FORT SUMTER

1860

SHILOH

1862

RICHMOND

1862

2nd BULL RUN

1862

Antietam, 1862

1861

Chancellorsville,

1862

Fredericksburg,

1862

How is it going?

General Sherman continues to

gain control of Mississippi. VICKSBURG

1863

July 1July 1stst, 1863, 1863“A Turning Point”“A Turning Point”

General George Meade

The Battle of Gettysburgto be continued...soon

Day 2 Union forces were pushed back through the town the previous day and have taken position in the hills.

75,000

97,000

Day 3 Robert E. Lee will order an assault against the Union middle position. (Pickett’s Charge)

If the line breaks, Confederate forces will have a clear road on to Washington D.C.

15,000

The Battle of Gettysburg

Day 1 Day 2

Day 3