a pragmatic reference architecture for the internet of things

A Pragmatic Reference

Architecture for the Internet

of Things

Rick G. GaribaySenior SDM,

Amazon.comLevel: Beginner

Agenda• What is the Internet of Things?

• IoT Problem Space

• IoT Value Chain (A Pragmatic Reference Architecture)

• Wrap Up

About Me• Senior Manager, Software Development @ Amazon.com

• Distributed Systems Nerd

• Published author and frequent contributor to CODE Magazine

• 8X Microsoft MVP

• Co-Author, “Windows Server AppFabric Cookbook” by Packt Pub.

• twitter: @rickggaribay

• blog: http://rickgaribay.net

• email: rickgari@amazon.com

We’re hiring!

The Internet of Things: By the

Numbers

B5075212

This change is happening more rapidly than anyone imagined.

This change could bring tremendous opportunity to your employer, customers, industry and you as a

technologist.

The Internet of Things is the network of physical objects that contain embedded technology to

communicate and interact with their internal statesor the external environment.

OEM Revenue Opportunity |

Market Forecast CY17

Source: IDC Sept 2013 and Microsoft

Auto & Trans Retail Manufacturing Healthcare Energy Computing Telecom Consumer

$7 B $16 B $197 B $3 B $27 B $908 B $179 B $356 B System Revenue

IntelligentSystems

1.7T$

Smart Products

Grid

Renewables

Oil/Gas/Coal

Recovery and

Distribution

Points

of Sale

Restaurants

Hotels

Fuel

Stations

Patients

Clinics

Hospitals

Nursing

Homes

Mobile

Care

SafetySecurity

ComfortLighting

Automation

Manufacturing

Integration and

AutomationRemote

Servicing

Predictive and

Reactive

Maintenance

Water

Waste

Pollution

Control

Fire

Emergency

Public

Safety

Law

Enforcement

Letters

Packages

Containers

Tanks Bulkware

Games

Events

Sports

TelevisionStreaming

Traffic Buses

Cars

Trucks

Trains

Vessels

Aircraft

Bikes

Smart

Energy

Smart

Retail

Smart

Mobility

Smart

Logistics

Smart

Factory

Smart

Cities

Smart

Entertain-

ment

Smart

Health-

care

Smart

Building

Home

11

LA Express Park

CGM in the Cloud

13

What is IoT About?

Things (Devices)

Connectivity Data Analytics

IoT Device Taxonomy

Large

Mobile

Micro

Small

POS terminal, ATM, MRI

x86, PC-like, apps

Industry handheld, POS tablet

ARM and x86, shell experience, apps

Gateways, wearables, panels, cars

ARM and x86, diverse hardware, no shell

Controllers, fixed-use, sensors, actuators

ARM, constrained hardware, headless

Raspberry Pi

Intel Galileo

Gadgeteer Fez Spider

Arduino Uno

Netduino Plus 2

Spark

5mm 5mm

Pebble Smart Watch

What is the Internet of

Things?

Things (Devices)

Connectivity Data Analytics

Various Protocols

Canonical Message Types

Voluntary information flow

from device to another system.

Telemetry

Requests for information from device to other

systems.

Inquires

Instructions from other systems to

a device.

Commands

Information flow from other

systems to the device.

Notifications

Cloud Gateways

Connections are device-initiated and

outbound

NAT/Firewall Device (Router)

IP NAT

Cloud GatewaySource

Port mapping is automatic, outbound

Device does not listen for unsolicited traffic

No inbound ports open, attack surface is

minimized

Access-controlled command API

Secure, managed hosting platform

DNSmyapp.cloudapp.net

What is the Internet of

Things?

Things (Devices)

Connectivity Data Analytics

Event Velocity

Device telemetry• Thermostats report data

every 15 minutes

• Cars send telemetry data every minute

Application telemetry• Application perf counters are measured

every second per server

• Mobile app telemetry is captured for

every action on your app!

App and operational events• Halo game engine estimate 1,000,000

messages/second

What is the Internet of

Things?

Things (Devices)

Connectivity Data Analytics

The true significance of IoT is the

foundation it provides for enabling new

insights and unlocking new

opportunities.

The Vs of Big Data

Volume: Scale of Data

• 40 Zettabytes (43 Trillion Gigabytes) of data will be created by 2020. 300 Times increase from 2005

• 6B people have mobile phones

• Most companies in the U.S have at least 100Tb of data

Velocity: Streams of Data

• NYSE captures 1TB of trade information every day

• The average modern car has over 100 sensors

• 18.9 billion network connections by 2016

Variety: Endless forms of Data

• Nearly 420 Million wearable health monitors

• Over 4 Billion hours of video watched on YouTube everyday

Source: McKinsey Global, Twitter, Cisco, Gartner

IoT Value Pipeline

Ingest Staging Insight Action

Reference Architecture

Ingest & Staging Insight & Action

+

Reference Architecture

Ingest

HTTP MQTT AMQP CoAP …

Brokered Streamed

StagingBlob KVP Document

Insight

OLTP ETL CEP Big Data

Action

Custom APIs Brokered 3rd Party APIs

Security, M

anagem

ent, M

on

itorin

g

Brokered Communication

• Each device has a dedicated

Inbox/Outbox on the Gateway

– Device sends telemetry/alerts and routes

service invocations via its Outbox

– Device receives commands and queries from

its Inbox

– Correlated request/reply patterns can be

implemented on top of these two messaging

channels

– The device knows, and has access to, only its

own specific inbox/outbox endpoints (URI’s)

Backend Components

Cloud Gateway

Inbox

Outbox

Co

mm

and

AP

I

Pro

toco

l Hea

d

Streamed Communication

• Read (forward) and Rewind (go back)

data access

– Partition/shard-based

– Sequence of events, akin to a commit log

– Designed for high volume, high density ingest

– Typically (but not always) real-time use cases

Reference Architecture

Ingest

HTTP MQTT AMQP CoAP …

Brokered Streamed

StagingBlob KVP Document

Insight

OLTP ETL CEP Big Data

Action

Custom APIs Brokered 3rd Party APIs

Security, M

anagem

ent, M

on

itorin

g

Staging

Blob

•Any binary data

• Images, streams, big text files, etc.

KVP

•Any string

• JSON, XML

Document

• Typically JSON

Staging Considerations

Commands & Inquiries

• The capability provides transient staging typically tied to a retention period and/or TTL

• A worker typically consumes and processes work message by message

Telemetry & Notifications

• The capability provides high-throughput backing to be consumed by either durable or stream-based consumers

• Typically bulk writes or stream based readers

Reference Architecture

Ingest

HTTP MQTT AMQP CoAP …

Brokered Streamed

StagingBlob KVP Document

Insight

OLTP ETL CEP Big Data

Action

Custom APIs Brokered 3rd Party APIs

Security, M

anagem

ent, M

on

itorin

g

Insight

OLTP

• Structured queries

ETL

• Moving data from one staging area to another

CEP

• Reading and analyzing streams in real-time

Big Data

• Analyzing large amounts of data at rest

Reference Architecture

Ingest

HTTP MQTT AMQP CoAP …

Brokered Streamed

StagingBlob KVP Document

Insight

OLTP ETL CEP Big Data

Action

Custom APIs Brokered 3rd Party APIs

Security, M

anagem

ent, M

on

itorin

g

Action

Your APIs

• Commands & Notifications

• Business Scenarios

• Cloud hosted

• Behind the firewall

• Synchronous & Asynchronous

Brokered

• Commands & Notifications

• Devices you own, control

• Asynchronous by design

3rd Party APIs

• Commands & Notifications

• Typically commercial devices or devices supported by a vendor

Wrapping Up

• Model your solution across the four stages

• Evaluate the capability that’s right for you

based on your needs, team skills and

perhaps most important, the cost.

• Cloud providers are competing vigorously

which is great for customers!

A Pragmatic Reference

Architecture for the Internet

of Things

Rick G. GaribaySenior SDM,

Amazon.comLevel: Beginner