a new plan of government problems would convince citizens that the government needs changes…

A New Plan of Government Problems would convince citizens

that the government needs changes….

Where have we been? (not on your notes… just review!)

Revolution Begins! April 19, 1775

Independence Declared ! July 4, 1776

The A of C ratification process was completed in March 1781.

The Articles of Confederation sent to the states for ratification in November 1777.

The Treaty of Paris was signed by U.S. and British Representatives on September 3, 1783

Shays’s Rebellion : August of 1786.

The Constitutional Convention: On May 25, 1787, delegates from the various states meet in

Philadelphia.

The Constitutional Convention

(Philadelphia – 1787)(Pennsylvania State House or Independence Hall)

-55 delegates (planters, lawyers, governors, etc) -26 college

graduates! About 25 – 26% of Americans have a college

degree today!

-No women, African or Native Americans

-Washington chosen to preside over the convention

Why did the Constitutional

Convention keep their proceedings a secret?

http://shaysrebellion.stcc.edu/shaysapp/scene.do?shortName=Nation

Check out all of the different opinions! Click on the website below!

Answer: Proceedings were secret so delegates could speak their minds without fear of being attacked for their thoughts.

CHOICES…

I. THE VIRGINIA PLAN

-

Who?

-Edmund Randolph

presented the plan

(tall, imposing)

I. THE VIRGINIA

PLAN

Governor of Virginia, Planter and Slave Holder, Lending and Investments, Real Estate and

Land Speculation

Consisted mostly of James Madison’s ideas. He believed in a strong but fair system of government.

(Virginia Plan: Continued)

Randolph proposes a Supreme National Government

-Two houses with both having (lower voted by people)- (upper voted by lower)

CHOICES(Virginia Plan: Continued)

Each house has_____________ ___________ Representatives would be based on ___________CHOICES

(Virginia Plan: Continued)

-Each house would have PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION.

-

Representatives would be based on

POPULATION!

19

14

13

10

1

2

24

-PEOPLE REPS - Virginia 747,610 Massachusetts (Maine)

378,787 96,540

-Pennsylvania 434,373-North Carolina 393,471 -Delaware 59,094 - Rhode Island 68,825- Georgia 82,548- New Hampshire 141,885

CHOICES (Virginia Plan: Continued)

(33,000 people = 1 rep)

The listed populations include all slaves, so the

number of representatives would actually be more than

what is listed for some states if all slaves were counted; all fractions were rounded down)

• Based on a system of checks and balances: Each branch balances the other by checking against any abuse of power!

(Madison’s Virginia Plan…continued)

(The Virginia Plan continued)

•Bicameral Legislature, Supreme Court and a

President (chosen by the legislature)

THE NEW JERSEYPLAN

WHO?Introduced by William Patterson (New Jersey)

Paterson, a lawyer, an outspoken supporter of American

independence, was the first Attorney General of New Jersey, serving from

1776–1783, maintaining law and order and establishing himself as one

of the state's most prominent lawyers.

THE NEW JERSEYPLAN

a.k.a The Small State Plan

Later, Paterson would be a U.S. Senator from New Jersey,(March 4,

1789 – November 13, 1790) , New Jersey Governor (October 29, 1790 – March 30, 1793),

and Finally a U.S. Supreme Court Justice (March 4, 1793 – September 9, 1806).

•Small States wanted a one-house congress with equal

representation.

THE NEW JERSEY PLAN CONTINUED…

CHOICES (New Jersey Plan: Continued)

2

2

2

2

-PEOPLE REPS - Virginia 747,610 Massachusetts (Maine)

378,787 96,540

-Pennsylvania 434,373-North Carolina 393,471 -Delaware 59,094 - Rhode Island 68,825- Georgia 82,548- New Hampshire 141,885

2

2

2

2

Large and small

populated states are at a

standstill…

Discussions are heated! Some fear the Union will break apart…

No one really fights like this.

How should we compromise?

Also known as the “The Connecticut Compromise

”

-Under Franklin’s guidance and

-Under Franklin’s guidance and

-and Roger Sherman’s suggestions…..

-and Roger Sherman’s suggestions…..

- COMBINES THE COMBINES THE NEW JERSEY AND NEW JERSEY AND

THE VIRGINIA THE VIRGINIA PLANSPLANS

-Gives EQUAL REPRESENTATI

ON in the Senate

-Based the representation in

the House of Representatives on POPULATION

THE 3/5ths COMPROMISE

-Northern states don’t want slaves to count in population.-Southern states do!

THE 3/5ths COMPROMISE

MORE PEOPLE = MORE REPS = MORE SAY =

MORE POWER

THE 3/5ths COMPROMISEHere is why… if we counted them all…

-PEOPLE Extra Reps

-Virginia454,983292,627 slaves -Maryland216,702103,036 slaves-Massachusetts378,787NO slaves

0(33,000 = 1 rep)

13

8

3

6

11

Slave Populations Census - 1790

Massachusetts - none New Hampshire - 158Rhode Island - 952Connecticut - 2,759Pennsylvania - 3,737Delaware - 8,887New Jersey - 11,423 New York - 21,324Georgia - 29,264Maryland - 103,036North Carolina - 100,572South Carolina - 107,094Virginia - 293,427

- Think about if they put a

tax on tobacco or sugar or

indigo… Who would want

it? Who wouldn’t?

Would more representatives help one

side get their way?

THE 3/5ths COMPROMISE

MORE PEOPLE = MORE REPS = MORE SAY =

MORE POWER

- It is decided that every 5

slaves will be counted as 3

people toward population

(which determines the

House)

-PEOPLE Extra Reps -Virginia292, 627 slaves -Maryland103,036 slaves-MassachusettsNO slaves

5

1 (almost 2)

0

So… look at the extra reps the South would get if they

use our scale!

- Neither side argues that the slaves should be able to vote!

THE 3/5ths COMPROMISE

Trading Slaves•Slaves can

be traded for 20 years (after that congress

limits)

Agreement was made to keep the southern states in the

union

• Work Finished SEPTEMBER 17, 1787.

•Sent to states for approval!

•9 out of 13 approved! (New Hampshire is ninth)

Major change can

occur without

violence!

WHAT DID AMERICA SHOW THE WORLD IN IT’S COMPLETE

REVISION OF OUR NATIONAL GOVERNMENT?

National Archives, Washington, DC,

1936.

The Constitutionby Barry Faulkner