a new nation ch. 6 notes. 3-2-1 what are the 3 most important things the government should worry...

A New NationCh. 6 Notes

3-2-1

• What are the 3 most important things the government should worry about?

• List 2 facts you didn’t know prior to the video

• 1 thing you need clarification on, or see that may be an issue later on

Washington’s Presidency

The First Election

Establishing Government

• First time govt. created on Enlightenment ideals

• No blueprint for success

• Issues:

• How to raise revenue

• How to defend the nation

• “We are in a wilderness without a single footstep to guide us”-James Madison

Judicial BranchJudiciary Act of 1789

13 District Courts

3 Courts of Appeal

Supreme Court

Chief Justice-John Jay

Shaping the Executive Branch

• 2 positions exist in Exec. Branch in 1789

• Congress creates positions to aid in running country

• Washington chooses capable leaders to run each division

• Comes to be known as the “Presidential Cabinet”

Washington’s Cabinet• Department of State

• Foreign affairs

• Thomas Jefferson

• Department of the Treasury

• Financial and monetary matters

• Alexander Hamilton

Washington’s Cabinet

• Department of War

• General Henry Knox

• Deals with all military

• Office of the Attorney General

• Edmund Randolph

• Head lawyer of the U.S. government

• Vice President of the United StatesJoseph R. Biden

• Department of StateSecretary John Kerry

• Department of the TreasurySecretary Jack Lew

• Department of DefenseSecretary Ashton B. Carter

• Department of JusticeAttorney General Loretta Lynch

• Department of the InteriorSecretary Sally Jewell

Department of AgricultureSecretary Thomas J. Vilsack

 Department of Commerce

Secretary Penny Pritzker

• Department of LaborSecretary Thomas E. Perez

• Department of Health and Human ServicesSecretary Sylvia Mathews Burwell

 Department of Housing and Urban Development

Secretary Julián Castro

 Department of Transportation

Secretary Anthony Foxx

 Department of EnergySecretary Ernest Moniz

 Department of Education

Secretary Arne Duncan 

Department of Veterans AffairsSecretary Robert McDonald

 Department of Homeland Security

Secretary Jeh Johnson

• The following positions have the status of Cabinet-rank: 

White House Chief of StaffDenis McDonough

Environmental Protection AgencyAdministrator Gina McCarthy

Office of Management & BudgetDirector Shaun L.S. Donovan

United States Trade RepresentativeAmbassador Michael Froman

United States Mission to the United NationsAmbassador Samantha Power

Council of Economic AdvisersChairman Jason Furman

Small Business AdministrationAdministrator Maria Contreras-Sweet

Financing the Government• Still a large debt to pay off

• James Madison- taxes

• Tariff of 1789

• 5% tax on all goods imported

• Shippers pay tax on exports as well

• Angers many Southerners

Financing the Government• Alexander Hamilton-taxes and borrow money from

investors

• Create national bank to pay off loans

• Problems:

• Government would be too close to wealthy investors

• No mention of national bank in Constitution

• Speculators buy bonds after the war at discounted prices

Nation Divided

Northerners own most bonds

Southerners are paying most of the taxes to pay off the debt

Compromise: Southerners agree to Hamilton’s plan in exchange for location of capital

Residency Act of 1790

Hamilton gets his way in exchange for location of capital (currently in NYC)

Washington chooses location

Pierre L'Enfant's designed capital city

John Adams will be the first President to live in the White House

White House- 1856

Balloon view- 1861

Whiskey Rebellion

• Tension b/t federal and regional interest

• Tariff of 1789• Tax imports; produces revenue and

encourages American production

• Hamilton wants excise tax on whiskey

• Most whiskey producers are small farmers

Whiskey Rebellion

• Backcountry farmers of PA refuse to pay tax

• Tar and feather tax collectors

• Washington must use force to show govt. will enforce law along Western frontier

• 15,000 militiamen called upon to put down rebellion

Whiskey Rebellion

• Militia puts down rebellion w/o losing a life

• Major result: Federal govt. is supreme in domestic affairs; will use military to enforce laws

Developing the Federal

Government

What topic is concerned in this quote and what is the position on the topic?

"The alternate domination of one faction over another, sharpened by the spirit of revenge natural to party dissention, which in different ages & countries has perpetrated the most horrid enormities, is itself a frightful despotism. But this leads at length to a more formal and permanent despotism. The disorders & miseries, which result, gradually incline the minds of men to seek security & repose in the absolute power of an Individual: and sooner or later the chief of some prevailing faction more able or more fortunate than his competitors, turns this disposition to the purposes of his own elevation, on the ruins of Public Liberty.“

-George Washington

Development of Political Parties

• Disagreements will tear nation apart

• Each party will look to get revenge on the other

• Opposition should work together rather than against

• Hamilton v. Jefferson

Opinion

Has Austin done anything wrong?

Early Political PartiesAlexander Hamilton-Party name? Thomas Jefferson-Party name?

Strict or broad? Strict or broad?

Federal or State and local supreme? Federal or State and local supreme?

Type of rule feared? Type of rule feared?

Who would rule? Who would rule?

National Bank? National bank?

What type of economy? What type of economy?

Pay national debt only, or national and state debt?

Pay national debt only, or national and state debt?

What type of people would support this group?

What type of people would support this group?

Early Political PartiesAlexander Hamilton- Thomas Jefferson-

Early Political PartiesAlexander Hamilton-Federalists Thomas Jefferson-Democratic-Republicans

Loose (Broad) Constructionist Strict Constructionist

Stronger central government Shared power with state and local govts.; limited nat’l government

Fear of mob rule Fear of absolute rulers

Republic led by well-educated elite Democracy of farmers and tradespeople

Supports national bank National bank is not listed in Constitution; against it

Industrial (Shipping/manufacturing) economy Agrarian (Farming) economy

Payment of national and state debts (favors creditors)

Payment of only national debt (favors debtors)

Supporters: Merchants, manufacturers, landowners, lawyers, investors Supporters: Farmers, blacksmiths, etc.

Foreign Affairs Trouble the Nation

America and France-1789

• Most American’s support French revolution

• Similar ideals

• Jacobins take control and begin Reign of Terror, declare war on England

• What should we do?

Bipartisan Issues

• Democratic-Republicans: Support French, go to war

• Federalists: Support British

• Washington: Remain neutral

• Getting into a war won’t be good for the young nation

America and Spain-1794

• Goal of US: Secure land west of Appalachians, passage of Mississippi River

• Goal of Spain: Keep whatever we can

• Pinckney’s Treaty (San Lorenzo)

Pinckney’s Treaty

• Spain and U.S.

• Sign of good will b/t nations

• Opens Mississippi R. for trading goods out of New Orleans

• Western Farmers finally happy!

America and England-1794

• British still in Ohio, Indian, Illinois, Michigan• Violation of Treaty of Paris

• British encourage natives to resist American settlers

• Americans defeated twice before “Mad Anthony” Wayne is put in charge

Jay’s Treaty

• England and U.S.

• G.B. can intercept ships headed for France

• U.S. given “most-favored nation” status

• American goods priority in England

• Prevents war & supports economy

Replacing Washington

• Election of 1796• Federalists-John Adams

• Republicans-Thomas Jefferson

• Adams wins 71-68

• Problem

XYZ Affair

French mad about Jay’s Treaty

Seize ships & goods

Federalists want war

Adams sends negotiators

French demand bribes

Quasi-War

• 1798 Congress:• Suspends trade

• Orders capture of ships

• Convention of 1800• America gives up claims for

damages

• Allowed out of Treaty of Alliance (1778)

Alien and Sedition Acts

Passed by federalists1-3◦Immigrants can’t become

citizens for 14 yrs◦President can deport w/ out trial◦Deport anyone at war w/ the

U.S.

4◦Crime to publish false writings

against the govt

KY and VA Resolutions

• Written by Jefferson and Madison

• Argue: states create Constitution

• They can interpret Constitutionality

• Nullification Crisis-states can nullify any unconstitutional law

Foreign Affairs Trouble the Nation

America and France-1789

• Most American’s support French revolution

• Similar ideals

• Jacobins take control and begin Reign of Terror, declare war on England

• What should we do?

Bipartisan Issues

• Democratic-Republicans: Support French, go to war

• Federalists: Support British

• Washington: Remain neutral

• Getting into a war won’t be good for the young nation

America and Spain-1794

• Goal of US: Secure land west of Appalachians, passage of Mississippi River

• Goal of Spain: Keep whatever we can

• Pinckney’s Treaty (San Lorenzo)

Pinckney’s Treaty

• Spain and U.S.

• Sign of good will b/t nations

• Opens Mississippi R. for trading goods out of New Orleans

• Western Farmers finally happy!

America and England-1794

• British still in Ohio, Indian, Illinois, Michigan• Violation of Treaty of Paris

• British encourage natives to resist American settlers

• Americans defeated twice before “Mad Anthony” Wayne is put in charge

Jay’s Treaty

• England and U.S.

• G.B. can intercept ships headed for France

• U.S. given “most-favored nation” status

• American goods priority in England

• Prevents war & supports economy

Replacing Washington

• Election of 1796• Federalists-John Adams

• Republicans-Thomas Jefferson

• Adams wins 71-68

• Problem

XYZ Affair

French mad about Jay’s Treaty

Seize ships & goods

Federalists want war

Adams sends negotiators

French demand bribes

Quasi-War

• 1798 Congress:• Suspends trade

• Orders capture of ships

• Convention of 1800• America gives up claims for

damages

• Allowed out of Treaty of Alliance (1778)

Alien and Sedition Acts

Passed by federalists1-3◦Immigrants can’t become

citizens for 14 yrs◦President can deport w/ out trial◦Deport anyone at war w/ the

U.S.

4◦Crime to publish false writings

against the govt

KY and VA Resolutions

• Written by Jefferson and Madison

• Argue: states create Constitution

• They can interpret Constitutionality

• Nullification Crisis-states can nullify any unconstitutional law

War of 1812

Jefferson’s 2nd Term

• Jefferson gets re-elected

• French won’t allow British goods to come into Europe

• British blockade Europe to prevent goods going to France

• U.S. stuck in the middle

Jefferson’s 2nd Term

• British seize +1,000 ships in 1 year, France ~500

• Impressment leads to disliking British

• Chesapeake Incident

• Embargo Act of 1807• Hurts Am. economy most

Native Resistance

• Wm. Henry Harrison (IN) convinces natives to give away 3 million acres

• Not all tribes affected agreed to treaty

• Tecumseh (Shawnee) advocates uniting native groups

Tecumseh & The Prophet

• Tenskwatawa is little brother to Tecumseh

• Abandon all forms of white civilization• Farming, Christianity, alcohol

• Tecumseh negotiates help from British

• Travels throughout West trying to unite Natives

Battle of Tippecanoe

• Prophet leads attack on Harrison while Tecumseh is away

• Harrison suffers great losses but wins, burns down Prophetstown

• Natives were using weapons from British Canada

War Hawks

• Group of Southern congressmen• John C. Calhoun-SC

• Henry Clay-KY

• Want war with England now

• “On to Canada”

Election of 1808 & 1812

• James Madison wins

Invasion of Canada

• Jefferson’s small govt. backfires• Lack of troops

• No money

• 3 attacks on Canada fail

• Successfully defeat British fleet on Lake Erie

• Recapture Detroit

Fighting Continues

• French empire collapses, British send troops to America

• British seize Washington D.C.

• Burn White House and Capitol

• Americans defeat British in NY

Ending the War

• Andrew Jackson-TN

• Battle of Horseshoe Bend• Ends native resistance in the South

• Battle of New Orleans• Happens after the war ends

• Jackson becomes a hero, Federalists lose credibility

Treaty of Ghent

• December 1814

• Restores prewar boundaries• No mention of impressment/trading rights

• Sets timeline for cooperation

• People in the U.S. identifying more by state than nation