a closer look at converting food energy into cell energy
Post on 01-Apr-2015
216 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
A Closer Look at Converting Food Energy into Cell Energy
All living things require a source of energy for survival
Movement: Muscle contraction Synthesis of new molecules cells and other
structures Tissue Repair Growth
It must be converted to a usable form
These processes are very similar in all living organisms
Bacteria and humans have similar ways of producing ATP
This means the processes evolved very long ago before simple organisms became more complex
It has six carbon atoms The atoms are held together with strong
bonds Cells must use energy to begin the
reactions Energy is stored in ATP
A P P P
ADENOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE
ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE
Breaks glucose down Enzymes rearrange the pieces Two molecules of Pyruvate are formed There is still a lot of energy that has not
been released in these two molecules Muscles that don’t get enough oxygen use
glycolysis for energy
NADH stands for Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide with a Hydrogen atom.
The energy from the glucose is stored in these molecules
This energy will be transferred to ATP in The Electron Transport Chain
The Krebs cycle happens in the mitochondria
It requires oxygen – so it’s Aerobic Enzymes convert pyruvate to a two carbon
molecule by removing a molecule of Carbon dioxide
The two carbon molecule enters the Krebs cycle
Aerobic Requires enzymes Rearranges molecules Energy is completely released from
Pyruvate Produces ATP Produces NADH – A Hydrogen carrier
molecule
Carbon Dioxide which travels to lungs to be exhaled as waste
An energy carrier and a hydrogen carrier Energy in each NADH will be used to make
3 more ATP This will happen in the electron transport
chain This is how large amounts of ATP are
generated This is how you get most of your energy
Happens in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion
There is a series of electron carrier molecules here
Hydrogen atoms in NADH are separated into protons and electrons
As the electrons move from one carrier to the next they release energy
The energy release from the electrons as the bounce is used to pump protons (H+) across the inner membrane of the mitochondrion
The protons build up in the outer compartment of the mitochondrion
There is a difference in the number (concentration) of protons between the inside and outside of the inner compartment of the mitochondrion
Is a concentration gradient (like the difference in energy between the top and bottom of a waterfall)
This is the source of potential energy The protons diffuse from high
concentrations outside to the inner compartment where their concentration is lower.
This flow of protons is used to make ATP from ADP and phosphate
This is where the energy from NADH is transferred to ATP
The transferred electrons combine with protons (H+) and molecular oxygen O2 to form water H2O
It completes the electron transport system Carbon dioxide and water are the by
products of cellular respiration
top related