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A brief on Fisheries and Aquaculture
Select Committee on Land and Environment
A brief on Fisheries and Aquaculture
Select Committee on Land and Environment
01 September 2009
222
Fisheries Sector of South AfricaFisheries Sector of South AfricaSouth Africa has well established fishery
sector & is currently net exporter of fishery products.
However, most South African fisheries are considered to be fully utilized & high value fisheries such as abalone, prawns & linefishare largely over-exploited.
Projected increase in demand for high end fisheries products provides an opportunity for substantial increases in aquaculture production.
South Africa’s commercial fishery industry is valued at about R2 billion annually & employs 22, 000 people
Total annual fish production from marine fisheries is more than 600 000 tons
FAO – world’s commercial fish stock are fully exploited, over exploited or depleted
333
Context - environmentContext - environment
Catches are at a historical lowIncreased demand and technological advances Shifts in distribution – environmental factorsTo show examples – 3 major fisheries
444
HakeHake
M. paradoxus M. capensis
Spaw
ning
bio
mas
s ('0
00 m
t)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1917
1921
1925
1929
1933
1937
1941
1945
1949
1953
1957
1961
1965
1969
1973
1977
1981
1985
1989
1993
1997
2001
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
1917
1921
1925
1929
1933
1937
1941
1945
1949
1953
1957
1961
1965
1969
1973
1977
1981
1985
1989
1993
1997
2001
Deepwater hake (M. paradoxus)
555
West Coast Rock LobsterWest Coast Rock LobsterWest Coast rock lobster landed catch (tons whole mass) and area-aggregated standardized trap CPUE normalized to the mean, 1891-2004.
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
1400018
91
1901
1911
1921
1931
1941
1951
1961
1970
1980
1990
2000
Cat
ch (t
who
le m
ass)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
CPU
E (k
g/tra
p)
Catch
CPUE
666
West Coast Rock LobsterWest Coast Rock Lobster
Approx. 70% caught 30 yrs ago
Now 90% caught- Dassen Is & Cape P
Mostly affected – traditional fishermen
777
PilchardPilchard
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1994 2005
% o
f ann
ual c
atch
es
SouthEastWest Coast
888
Socio – and economic contextSocio – and economic context
Lower catches – fewer jobs Shifts in distribution – mismatch - infrastructure and catchesTrucking fish - extra cost - to R80m – R750m p/aIndustry sources – additional costs - profitsFactories relocated - WCRL and plans to relocate PilchardEconomic activity due to fishing – diminished West CoastUnemployment rife – last resort – fishing rightLarge proportion of fish workers non-permanentAlternative economic opportunities
TourismAquacultureOther…..
999
Employment Employment
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Hake WCRL Pilchard
% E
mpl
oym
ent
Permanent JobsNon-permanent Jobs
101010
Definition: “Culture of aquatic organisms including fish, molluscs, crustaceans and plants either in cages within the shallow waters of the ocean/dams or structures on land fed by water”
Globally aquaculture is expanding rapidly – 9% annual growthThe contribution of aquaculture to total fisheries consumption has grown from 9% in 1980 to 47% today (FAO, 2008).
China contributes 67% towards global aquaculture production
Aquaculture
111111
Aquaculture Sector of South Africa Aquaculture Sector of South Africa
Given current market trends, South Africa’s environmental potential for aquaculture & state of development of its industry, production could grow from current level of 3712 tons (worth R371 million) to over 90 000 tons (worth R2.4 billion) over next 10-20years.
In 2008, direct employment on farms was 2000 (3600 if consider services sector- feeds, processing, security, transport, packaging, manufacturing of equipment, research, government services).
If production grows to projected level of 90 000tons per annum, industry will have employment potential of over 44 000 people.
121212
Aquaculture growth has not exceeded expectations in SAHowever there has been some success stories – eg abaloneAbalone farming
Production in 2008 – 1000tons (from 20tons in 1996)Growth – 10% (>global growth of 9%)Value in 2008 – R283m (94% of total sector value)With about 27% Return on Investment
Aquaculture cont…..
131313
South African Aquaculture Production (2008)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Rainbo
w trout
Abalon
eMus
sel
Oyster
Tilap
iaKoi
carp
Catfish
Carp
Ornam
ental
fish
Mullet
Large
mouth
bass
Marron
Prawn
Marine
finfis
hTons p.a.
141414
South African Aquaculture Production (2008)
-
50
100
150
200
250
300
Abalon
e
Rainbo
w trout
Ornam
ental
fish
Oyster
Marron
Musse
lKoi
carp
Tilap
iaCatf
ishCar
pMull
et
Large
mouth
bass
Value Rm
151515
Abalone (1000t; R280m)Abalone (1000t; R280m)
161616
TROUT (1650t: R42.5m)Trout (1300t; R35m)
171717
Ornamental Fish (5 million; R8.7m)Ornamental species (4t/480000; R12m)
181818
Mussels (800t; R7m)
191919Oysters (225t; R10m)
202020
Tilapia (220t; R2.4m)Tilapia (180t; R1.2m)
212121
Restructuring of Gov. May 2009Restructuring of Gov. May 2009
DEAT functions transferred to 3 new depts
Tourism
DWE
DAFF
Most functions of MCM are controlled by the Marine Living Resources Act and the Integrated Coastal Management Act
Marine aquaculture function has been transferred to DAFF
Rest of the functions have been transferred to DWE
President signed proclamation on 22 June 2009
222222
Transfer of marine aquaculture to DAFF - Proclamations Transfer of marine aquaculture to DAFF - Proclamations
232323
242424
Institutional arrangementsInstitutional arrangements
Responsible Authorities DAFF (Freshwater & Marine Aquaculture, Veterinary Services, Farmer Support and Capacity Building); DST(development of adequate technology), DTI (support in the form of capital & business skills); DWAF (water use licensing), DoH (public health & safety), SABS and PDs of Environmental Affairs (EIAs), municipalities
Advisory Forum
Policy & Strategic FrameworkFreshwater & Marine Aquaculture Policies & StrategiesWater Use Policy for AquacultureProvincial Aquaculture Implementation PlansIndustrial Policy Framework & Action Plan
252525
Institutional arrangements (cont’d) Institutional arrangements (cont’d)
Legislative FrameworkNational Environmental Management Act; Conservation of Agricultural Resources Act; Animal Diseases Act; Animal Improvement Act; Marine Living Resources Act; National Water ActAdherence to International Treaties & Conventions
Aquaculture Sector Working Group (ASWG)Northern Aquaculture Working Group (NAWG) (FS, GP, LP, MP, NW)Southern Aquaculture Working Group (SAWG) (EC, KZN, NC, WC)
DAFF Secretariat for ASWG
Need to align policies, strategies, legislation, institutional arrangements etcNeed to create internal capacity
262626
Aquaculture facilities in the country Aquaculture facilities in the country
Public diagnostic laboratoriesThe Competent Authority has a MoU for diagnostics & research with Agricultural Research Council (ARC); Provincial Veterinary Diagnostic laboratories.
Public research laboratoriesARC, Sea Point Research Aquarium, Academic Institutions (Universities of Limpopo, Rhodes, Stellenbosch, Free State and Johannesburg).
Private laboratoriesRand Water, CSIR, Golden Vetpath Idexx, Molecular Diagnostic Services, Sterkspruit Veterinary Clinic and Amanzi Biosecurity.
272727
Current freshwater projectsCurrent freshwater projects
282828
Provincial Aquaculture Programme (PAP) (DAFF-WRC) Provincial Aquaculture Programme (PAP) (DAFF-WRC)
Provincial development plans Core focal provinces• FS, KZN, LP, MP, NWSecondary interventions• EC, WC,GP, NC
Issues addressedRevitalisation of existing state facilitiesInstitutional support for the Provinces Capacity building CPPP modelsAssist to farmers to penetrate markets
292929
DAFF, DST, DWAE Collaborative Programme DAFF, DST, DWAE Collaborative Programme
Tilapia-Catfish and HDPE cages in State Owned waterworks7 provinces (excluding WC & GP)Preliminary results have shown that candidate species may not grow fast enough to make this viableFurther work will look at other species and the development of an inland capture fisheries program
303030
Capacity Building ProgrammeCapacity Building Programme
Training of provincial officials:DAFF supported programme to take place at different State Hatcheries (Gariep, Turfloop, Makhatini etc.)Participation in other training programmes offered locally
Training of farmers and other interested partiesEmployment of Aquaculture Officials within relevant Provinces toincrease capacity to provide technical support to farmers
313131
323232
RealitiesRealities
None of the dams in South Africa is suitable for the cage culture of Tilapia Tilapia fillets can be imported at prices below production costs in South Africa Some dams are suitable for cage culture of trout – but this is largely dependent on conservation and biodiversity issues Species such as Carp may be more suitable for local food fish production This would require additional research and capacity building to improve production, processing and marketingThis technology is available to South Africa through strategic partners such as China, Denmark and the United Kingdom
333333
New challenges and opportunitiesNew challenges and opportunities
Alternative freshwater species such as carp for cold water aquaculture ( Food fish for local consumption and processing )Development of an inland fisheries sector using small, medium and large water bodies with a support infrastructure ( hatcheries) to maintain viable populations of fish
343434
Threats to the South Africa Aquaculture Sector Threats to the South Africa Aquaculture Sector
Limited capacities (expertise & aquaculture professionals)
Lack of technical skills & support (Extension Services)
High feed, equipment & technology costs
Limited government support, veterinary services & disease management
Lack of species choice & good seed stock
Complex resource-based legislationLack of marketing services & access to
financeClimatic variability & seasonality
Lunsklip Trout Farm near Lydenburg
Tilapia produced at Makhathini
353535
Opportunities for the Aquaculture Sector in South Africa Opportunities for the Aquaculture Sector in South Africa
Good natural resources & infrastructure
Demand for affordable alternative protein sources
Aquaculture on government agenda
High potential for agricultural diversificationPotential for export opportunitiesLinkages with tourismGrowing economy & good economic climate
Mussel farming activitiesSmall-scale Trout farming with cages
Large commercial Abalone farming
363636
Current Aquaculture Development Programmes Current Aquaculture Development Programmes
Revitalization/establishment of State-Owned HatcheriesCage-culture Pilots in State-Owned Waterworks &
coastal areasCapacity Building Programme for Scientists, Extension
Officers, Veterinarians, Animal Health Technicians/Technologists & Inspectors
Aquaculture development zonesR&D on candidate culture species
373737
International engagementsInternational engagementsChina – capacity building programme (freshwater)Norway – capacity building programme (marine)Mozambique – R&DHungary – R&D (ARC&DST)World Fish Centre –R&DFAO - COFIRegional engagements in standard setting
SADC, OIE, NEPAD
383838
Thank you! Thank you!
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