a brief history of okinawan based combat techniques[1]

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A Brief History of Okinawan based Combative techniques

Although it is not known where karate like techniques began, it is thought to have startedbefore the Common Era. There is evidence of drawings of men in karate like stancesshown in a wall of an ancient Egyptian tomb; which dates back to perhaps as early as5000 years ago. Another piece of early evidence is contained in two small Babylonianworks of art, that date to somewhere between 2000 – 3000 years BCE. Martial art stylesvary but at the same time, combinations may occur; Kungfu is a Chinese martial artcombining techniques of judo and karate

Due to the influence of many of her Asian neighbours; such as China for one, Okinawahad developed its own system of fighting. This system was known as “Naha-Te”.Grandmaster Kanryo Higaonna (Higashionna was the original Okinawan pronunciation),

was the founder of this system; which he referred to aschuanfa. 

“Te” =“Hand”

•  The native Okinawan art of “Te” somewhat resembles a martial art form knownas “Kalari-Payat” (Indian martial arts) which emerged in the south of India.

In India (where the principles of karate were introduced into India through Turkey),empty handed combat techniques were widely used by warriors in tribal warfare longbefore the birth of Buddhism. There is a theory that the art of Kalari-Payat was studiedby sailors who had travelled to the south of India in search of trade, thus, introducing thismartial art to the people of Okinawa upon their return.

•  Kalari-Payat is a direct method of combat. Each one of the thousands of Kalari -Payat techniques is a complete finishing tactic, which enables the person to getinto the enemy and put him under control. It consists a wide range of methods of combat: chops, blows, kicks, punches, squeezes, locks, throws, sweeps breakingtechnique, fallen-down techniques and steps, movements and pressure-pointtactics, also vital-point attacks, all methods of sticks, all ranges of weapons,

swords, shields, axes, daggers, ropes etc., and all releasing techniques. It alsoincludes yoga, acrobatics, gymnastics and wrestling for the body techniques.

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 Counting

English   J apaneseOne Ichi Two Ni Three SanFour ShiFive GoSix Rok

Seven SichiEight HachiNine Kyu Ten JuEleven Ju – ichi Twelve Ju – ni Thirteen Ju – sanFourteen Ju – shi

Fifteen Ju – goSixteen Ju – rokSeventeen Ju – sichiEighteen Ju – hachiNineteen Ju – kyu Twenty Ni – ju

General terminology

Front MaeRound MawashiSide YokoBack UshiroHead/Upper area JodanChest/Middle area Chudan

Groin/Lower area GedanKnee HizaBall of the foot JosokuteiFoot Edge SokutoHeel KakatoInstep Haisoku

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Master Shihan Teacher Sensei

Bow ReiStanding Bow RitsureiSitting Bow ZareiI understand Ous Yes HaiStop YameBegin HajimeWarning Jogi

Public Warning ChuiDisqualified Hasako ChuiOne point IpponHalf Point WazariSparring KumiteNo score Tori Mar SengCombat Posture KamaeFocus KimeReady YoiRight MigiLeft Hidari

Combat techniques

English   J apanese Punch Tzuki

Fore Fist Strike Seiken ZukiRising Punch Age ZukiHook Punch Kagi ZukiMountain Punch Yama ZukiU – Punch Awase ZukiParallel Punch Heiko ZukiScissors Punch Hasami ZukiFlowing Punch Nagashi Zuki

Straight Punch Choku – ZukiShort Punch (palm side up) Ura – ZukiCircular Punch Furi – ZukiRound hook Punch Mawashi – ZukiVertical Punch Tate – ZukiLeadingPunch, Jab Kizami – Zuki

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One knuckle strike Ippon kenMiddle finger knuckle fist Nakadaka – ken

Strike UchiBack Fist Strike Ura – Ken UchiChop (knife hand strike Shuto (shuto uchi)Bottom Fist Strike Tettsui UchiBlock UkePulling/Grasping Block Hiki – UkeDownward Block Gedan BaraiKnife Hand Block Shuto Uke

Palm Heel Block Shotei UkeWrist Block Ko UkeBack Hand Block Ura UkeElbow Block Hiji UkeRound House Block Mawashi UkeInside Forearm Block Uchi UkeHiza Uke Knee BlockBack Hand HaitoPalm heel TeishoPalm Heel Strike Shotei UchiPalm Heel Thrust Shotei ZukiFinger strike NukiteElbow strike Empi / Hiji UchiKick GeriFront Snap Kick Mae Geri (keage)

Front Thrust Kick Mae Geri (kekomi)Round House Kick Mawashi GeriBack Kick (reverse) Ushiro GeriSide Snap Kick Yoko GeriKnee strike Hiza GeriHeel kick/strike Kakato GeriFoot Sweep Ashi BaraeStamping kick/Thrust kick Kunsetsu Geri

Instep KinParallel Stance Heiko DachiHalf Front Stance Hans Zenkutsu DachiFull Front Stance Zenkutsu DachiCat Stance Nikoashi Dachi

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