8 th grade physical science some images are from 2008
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8th Grade Physical ScienceSome images are from www.chem4kids.com
www.middleschoolscience.com 2008
Metals, Nonmetals, & MetalloidsMetals: Elements that are good conductors of
electric current & heat, malleable and ductile Metalloids: Elements with properties of both
metals and nonmetals, good conductor of electricity, but not heat
Nonmetals: Elements that are poor conductors of heat and electricity, mainly gases, but those that are solid are brittle
Metals, Nonmetals, & MetalloidsAcross a period (from left to right) the
elements range from metallic to nonmetallic.Most reactive Metals are in Family 1Most reactive Nonmetals are in Family 17
Metals, Nonmetals, & Metalloids
Families on the Periodic TableElements on the periodic table can be
grouped into families bases on their chemical properties.
Each family has a specific name to differentiate it from the other families in the periodic table.
Elements in each family react differently with other elements.
ALKALI METALSGroup 1Hydrogen is not a member,
it is a non-metal1 electron in the outer shellSoft and silvery metalsVery reactive, esp. with
waterConduct electricity
Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html
ALKALINE EARTH METALSGroup 22 electrons in the
outer shellWhite and
malleableReactive, but less
than Alkali metalsConduct
electricity
TRANSITION METALSGroups in the
middle
Good conductors of heat and electricity.
Some are used for jewelry.
The transition metals are able to put up to 32 electrons in their second to last shell.
Can bond with many elements in a variety of shapes.
BORON FAMILY Group 33 electrons in
the outer shellMost are metalsBoron is a
metalloid
CARBON FAMILY Group 44 electrons in
the outer shellContains
metals, metalloids, and a non-metal Carbon (C)
NITROGEN FAMILY Group 55 electrons in
the outer shellCan share
electrons to form compounds
Contains metals, metalloids, and non-metals
OXYGEN FAMILY Group 66 electrons in
the outer shellContains
metals, metalloids, and non-metals
Reactive
HalogensGroup 77 electrons in
the outer shellAll are non-
metalsVery reactive
are often bonded with elements from Group 1
Noble GasesGroup 8Exist as gasesNon-metals8 electrons in the
outer shell = FullHelium (He) has
only 2 electrons in the outer shell = Full
Not reactive with other elements
Rare Earth MetalsSome are
RadioactiveThe rare
earths are silver, silvery-white, or gray metals.
Conduct electricity
The next guide is determining shells and valence electrons
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