7r mp3 review. 1.what are the steps of the scientific method? problem gather information hypothesis...

7R MP3 Review

1. What are the steps of the scientific method?

• Problem• Gather information• Hypothesis• Experiment• Observation• Conclusion• Repeat

2. What can be done to make the experiment more valid?•Repeat•Increase sample size

3. A student wanted to test whether salt affects the growth of plants. He gave 10 Plants in group A water and 10 Plants in group B water with 5mg of salt. After 2 weeks the plants in Group B Died.a. Independent variable•saltb. Dependent variable •growthc. Control group •Plant Ad. Experimental group •Plant Be. 3 Constants •Type of plant, sunlight, temperature, amount of soil

4. What is the length of the object below?• 8.9 cm

5. What is the volume of the liquid below?•8.9 cm

6. A student placed 10.5 mL of water into a graduated cylinder. An object was placed into the same graduated cylinder. The water level went up to 16.5 mL. What is the volume of the object?•16.5 – 10.5 = •6.0 mL

7. Convert the following measurement:8.498 L = _______ mL

•K h d u d c m•8498 mL

8. Determine the volume of an object with the following dimensions:L = 1.56 cm w = 4.3 cm H = 1.757

•V = l x w x h•V = 1.56 cm x 4.3 cm x 1.757 cm•11.78•V = 11.8 cm3

MICROSCOPE9. Label the compound light microscope below.

eyepiece

arm

Coarse adj.

Fine adj.

Body tube

nosepiece

Objective lens

stage diaphragm

mirror

base

10. What is the function of the diaphragm?•Controls amount of light used11. Explain the difference between the coarse adjustment knob and the fine adjustment.•Coarse: focusing under low power•Fine: focusing under high power12. Why can’t we use the coarse adjustment when using the high power objective? •You can break the objective lens or slide13. When making a wet mount, why should you lower the cover slip on an angle?•To avoid air bubbles

14. What is the diameter of the field of view below?

a. In millimeters = •7.0 mmb. In micrometers =•7000.0 um

15. An object is observed in the field of view below. In which direction should you move the slide in order to center the image?

•left

22. An object is observed in the field of view below. In which direction should you move the slide in order to center the image? ____________________

16. How does a specimen appear when looking at it under a microscope?•Upside down and backwards

17. The diameter of the field of view is 2000 um. What is the length of the object in this field of view?a. Millimeters:•1 mmb. Micrometers:•1000 um

18. The diameter of the field of view is 5000 um. What is the length of one of these objects?

a. Millimeters =•1.25 mm b. Micrometers = •1250 um

CLASSIFICATION

19. What are the 7 levels of classification from largest to smallest? •Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

20. How do we name organisms? •Genus species

21. KINGDOM CHARACTERISTICS EXAMPLES

1. Archaebacteria  UnicelluarProkaryotic

 extreme environments

 2. Eubacteria  UnicellularProkaryotic

 Bacteria found everywhere

3. Protists UnicellularEukaryotic

 ameba, paramecium

 4. Fungi   Mostly multicellularHeterotrophs

mushroom, mold, yeast

5. Plants MulticellularAutotrophs

 trees, grass

6. Animals 

 MulticellularHeterotrophs

 humans, dogs, insects

22. What is homeostasis?•Maintaining a stable internal environment

CHEMISTRY23. Identify the part of an atom being described:a. Positive charge•protonb. Found moving around nucleus•electronc. Negative charge•electron

d. Found in the nucleus•Protons and neutronse. No charge•neutronsf. Smallest mass•Electron

24. What is the difference between an element and a compound?•Element = simple substance that cannot be broken down into anything more simple•Compound = 2 or more elements chemically combined.

25. Identify 2 examples of a physical property.•Color, mass, texture, shape, odor26. Identify 2 examples of a chemical property.•Flammability, reactivity, rusting27. Identify 2 examples of a physical change.•Melting, tearing, crushing, evaporation28. Identify 2 examples of a chemical change.•Rusting, burning

29. Identify the phase of matter being described below:a. molecules very far apart, move very fast•Gasb. molecules slide past each other•Liquidc. molecules packed tightly together• Solid

d. Identify the phases of matter below:

solid liquid gas

30. For each phase change below, identify how the material is changing.a. Melting•Solid liquidb. Freezing•Liquid solidc. Evaporation•Liquid gasd. Condensation•Gas liquid

31. Identify the parts of the periodic table being described belowa. rows•periodsb. columns•Groups/familiesc. Group 18•Noble Gasesd. Brittle•nonmetals

f. All elements to the left of the zig zag line•metalsg. Elements to the right of the zig zag line•nonmetalsh. Ductile & malleable•Metalsi. On zig zag line•Semi-metals/metalloidsi. May have properties of both metals and nonmetals•Semi-metals/metalloids

32.a. Atomic #•54b. Atomic mass•131.293c. # of protons•54d. mass #•131e. # of neutrons •77

33. Identify whether the substances with the following pH’s are acids, bases, or neutrala. pH of 7 =•Neutralb. pH of 3•Acidicc. pH of 11•Basic

CELLS34. What are the 3 parts of the cell theory? •Cells are the basic unit of structure in all living things.•Cells are the basic unit of function in all living things.•All cells come from preexisting cells.

35. Identify the organelle being described:

a. Semi-permeable• Cell membraneb. Holds organelles in place• cytoplasmc. Controls the cell• nucleusd. Gives a plant cell its shape.• Cell walle. Package and ship materials out.• Golgi bodiesf. Produce proteins.• Ribosomesm. Channels in cytoplasm that

transport materials. • ER

g. Contain enzymes that break down materials

• lysosomesh. Carry out photosynthesis• Chloroplastsi. Helps animal cells divide• Centriolesj. Produces ribosomes• Nucleolusk. Carries out respiration• Mitochondrial. Stores materials• Vacuole

36. What are the 5 levels of organization in a multicellular organism from smallest to largest?• Cells tissues organs organ

systems organism

37. Label the cell organelles below.33. Label the cell organelles below.

I

J

K

L

M A

H G

F

E

D

C

B

cytoplasm

mitochondria

nucleolus

Cell membrane Cell wall

chloroplast

ribosomes ER

golgi bodies

vacuole

DNA

nucleus

nuclear membrane

33. Label the cell organelles below.

N

O P

Q

R

S

T W

V U

centrioles

golgi bodies

cell membrane

ER

mitochondria

nucleus nuclear membrane

vacuoles

lysosomes

cytoplasm

38. What are the 2 types of passive transport?• Diffusion & osmosis39. What is osmosis?• Diffusion of water40. Explain 2 differences between passive and active

transport.• Passive = no energy, high low, with concentration

gradient• Active = energy, low high, against concentration

gradient41. Which way does water move when a cell is placed in salt

water?• Out of the cell

RESPIRATION42. What are the differences between aerobic

respiration and anaerobic respiration?• Aerobic = oxygen required, makes 36 ATP• Anaerobic = oxygen not requires, makes 2 ATP

SKELETAL & MUSCULAR SYSTEMS43. What is the difference between a ligament

and tendon?• Ligaments connect bone to bone.• Tendons connect muscle to bone.44. Identify where cartilage is located in the

body.• body parts (ears and nose)• Between vertebrae• ends of bones• skeleton of newborn

45. What are the 5 functions of the skeletal system? • Movement• Shape• Protection• Produces blood cells• Stores materials (calcium &

phosphorus)

46. Fill in the chart below.

TYPE OF MUSCLE

VOLUNTARY/ INVOLUNTARY

STRIATED/ NONSTRIATED

LOCATION

A. skeletal 

Voluntary Striated Attached to bones

B. smooth 

Involuntary Nonstriated Digestive system, blood vessels…

C. cardiac 

Involuntary Striated heart

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM47. Identify the nutrient being described:a. build and repair •Proteins b. Primary source of energy•Carbohydratesc. Regulate body functions•Vitamins and minerals

e. What makes up most of the body

• Waterd. Store energy• Lipidsf. makes up most of

the body• Water

48. Label the parts of the digestive system.

pharynx

liver gall bladder

Large intestine

appendix

mouth

salivary glands

esophagus

stomach pancreas

small intestine

rectumanus

49. How is energy measured in food?• Calories50. How does chemical digestion occur in the mouth?• Salivary glands make enzyme that breaks down

starch sugar51. How does mechanical digestion occur in the

mouth?• Teeth break down food into smaller pieces52. How does chemical digestion occur in the

stomach?• Enzyme breaks down proteins

53. Where does digestion end?• Small intestine54. Where are nutrients absorbed in

the blood?• Villi in the small intestine.

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM55.

BLOOD VESSEL

FUNCTION

a. arteries 

 -carry blood away from heart-pulse

b. veins 

 -carry blood to heart

c. capillaries  

 -allow materials to be exchanged by diffusion-connect arteries to veins

PARTS OF THE BLOOD

FUNCTIONS

a. Red blood cells 

-carry oxygen and carbon dioxide

b. White blood cells 

-protect the body against disease

c. platelets 

- help blood clot

d. plasma 

-liquid part that transports materials

BLOOD TYPE

ANTIGEN ANTIBODY

a. A 

A Anti-B

b. B 

B Anti -A

c. AB 

A and B None

d. O 

None Anti-A and Anti-B

56. Label the parts of the heart below.

valve

Rightatrium

valve

right ventricle

aorta

leftatrium

valve

left ventricle

septum

57. What kind of blood does the right side of the heart receive? Where did it just come from? Where does it pump blood to? • Deoxygenated, from the body, to the

lungs58. What kind of blood does the left

side of the heart receive? Where did it just come from? Where does it pump blood to? • Oxygenated, from the lungs, to the

body

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM59. Label the diagram below.

larynx

mouthNasal cavity

lung

bronchi

diaphragm

pharynx

trachea

Bronchi

bronchiolealveoli

60. Why is the trachea made of cartilage?• Holds it open61. What are the functions of cilia and mucus

membranes in the nasal passageway?• Cilia = filter• Mucus = moisten and filter62. What happens to your diaphragm when

you inhale?• Diaphragm moves down (contracts)

EXCRETORY SYSTEM63. Label the diagram below.

kidneys

urinary bladder

ureters

urethra

EXCRETORY SYSTEM64. What is excretion?• Removal of cellular (metabolic) wastes65. What nitrogen waste does the liver

produce?• Urea66. What are the three functions of the

kidneys?• Filters blood, maintains water balance,

produces urine

NERVOUS & ENDOCRINE SYSTEMS67. A message sent by the nervous system is called

an • impulse68. A change in the environment which causes a

response is called a• Stimulus69. The sense organs that pick up a stimulus is called

a• receptor70. Muscles of glands that carry out a response are

called • effectors

71. Label the neuron below.dendrites

Cell body/cyton

axon

Terminal branches

nucleus

Schwann cells

72. Identify all missing parts of the reflex arc below.Sensory neuron

interneuron

Motor neuron

73. Fill in the chart below.

PARTS OF THE BRAIN FUNCTION

a.Cerebrum Voluntary activitiesSensesThinking, memory, reasoning, intelligence

b. Cerebellum Balancec. medulla 

Involuntary activities

74. Label the diagram below.

A. cerebrum

B. cerebellum

C. medulla

75. The central nervous system is made up of the • Brain and spinal cord76. The nerves that branch of the spinal

cord make up the _________ nervous system.• peripheral

77. What is a hormone and how do they travel?• Chemical messenger that travels

through the blood

78. A. Draw a line from the name of the gland to its picture. B. Draw a line from the picture of the gland to its function.

IMMUNE SYSTEM79. How do antibodies protect the body

against disease?• Attach to antigen and slow it down so WBC’s

can kill it 80. Explain the differences between passive

and active immunity? • Passive = Temporary, get antibodies from

someone else • Active = permanent, make own antibodies

81. Explain the differences between an infectious and noninfectious disease.

• Infectious = caused by pathogen, can be spread• Noninfectious = not caused by pathogen, cannot

be spread82. How does HIV affect the body?• Attacks T-cells destroys immune system83. What is an allergy? What does the body produce

as a response?• When the body is sensitive to something (allergen)• Body makes histamines cause response