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7 stages of water treatment
The
Sev
en S
tage
s of
Wat
er T
reat
men
tW
hich
way
do
es t
he w
ater
flo
w?
Lin
k th
e S
even
Sta
ges
of
trea
tmen
t in
the
co
rrec
t o
rder
by d
raw
ing
in t
he c
onn
ecti
ng w
ater
pip
es.
➀R
aw W
ater
➁C
hlor
inat
ion
➂C
lari
ficat
ion
➃Sa
nd fi
ltrat
ion
➄C
arbo
nfil
trat
ion
➅Q
ualit
y co
ntro
l
➆W
ater
sup
ply
7 stages of water treatmentSome of the words in the sentences below have gone missing.The missing words are:activated carbon alum bacteria checked chemicals chlorine clay particles contact tank dissolved filters insoluble mains pipe pumped reservoir riversand sludge tap treated valve
But they are mixed up. Can you add the correct word to complete the following sentences?
1. ReservoirWater is pumped from the r _ _ _ _ into the r _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . This is where the wateris stored before it is treated.The water flows through a large p _ _ _ which is opened by a v _ _ _ _ , just like your taps at home.
2. ChlorinationThe water has c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ added to it.This kills the b_ _ _ _ _ _ _ . Large particles(such as leaves and fish) in the water are also filtered out using large meshes called screens.
3. ClarificationA chemical called a _ _ _ (aluminium sulphate) is added to the water which makes the c _ _ _ p _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ sink.We call this ‘s _ _ _ _ _ .’ Clear (not clean) watercontinues on its journey to the next stage.
4. Sand filtrationThe water trickles down through the gaps between the s _ _ _ grains. This f _ _ _ _ _ _out any remaining *i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ particles. (*solid things that don’t dissolve).
5. Carbon filtrationThe d _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (which might give the water a bad taste, colouror smell) are removed using a special substance called a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ c _ _ _ _ _ .
6. Quality controlNow the water is almost ready to drink but this next stage makes sure it is really clean and safe.Before the water is p _ _ _ _ _ from the treatment works it goes through the c _ _ _ _ _ _t _ _ _ where chlorine levels are ch _ _ _ _ _ to keep the water free from bacteria as ittravels through pipes to your home.
7. Drinking water supplyThe pipes under the roads are called m _ _ _ _ . When you turn on your t _ _ theclean safe t _ _ _ _ _ _ water comes out.
“It only takes four hours to do this!”
Did you know?
The biggestcactus inthe world canstore eighttonnes ofwater in itsstems.
A cow drinks about135 litres of watereach day.
97% of the earth’swater is in the seas
and oceans.
Two thirds of planet Earth is covered in water.
The Pacific is the world's largest ocean.
The world's worstflood happened in
China in 1877. Onemillion people died.
The AtacamaDesert in Chile isthe driest placeon Earth.
3/4 of your body is water!
Humans can only survive for 3-4 days without water.
Every person in Britain uses around 45,000 litresof water each year!
You should try to drink at least 2 litres of water a day.
Nearly 80% of your brain is water.
The Angel Falls in Venezuela are the world's highest waterfall.
Lake Baikal in Siberia is the world'sdeepest lake – 1,620m.
Water can be solid, liquid or a gas.
The water thedinosaurs drank isthe same water we drinktoday! (Yuk).
Try to find your own amazing facts about water!
It takesone litre ofwater to makea 100g chocolatebar.
Weird and wonderful water facts:
Who uses water?We don’t just drink water. People use water for many things and in many ways in theirdaily lives.
So who uses water, and how and why do they use it?
Group these uses of water under – LEISURE HOME FARMING INDUSTRY
Cleaning Washing machines
Toilet Baths
Washing cars Drinking
Swimming pool Painting
Snorkelling/diving Tea-making
Growing crops Fire-fighting
Power stations Making paper
Shipping transport Water-skiing
Baby's paddling pool Food production
Washing up Washing food
Brushing teeth Dishwashers
Sailing Theme park waterslides
Drinking Jet-washing buildings
Cooking Disinfecting medical equipment
Showering Watering the garden
Now try to think of other ways in which people use waterPerhaps you can illustrate them too!
Water usageHow much water do you use?
Why not keep a water-usage diary for a week for yourself or your whole family?
Example: Dishwasher – Tally: IIII III Number: 8 Total 8 x 55 = 440 litres
TALLY NUMBER TOTALLITRES
Washing machine 110 litres
Dishwasher 55 litres
Washing up 6 litres
Bathroom basin 5 litres (full)
Shower 30 litres
Bath 100 litres
Cleaning teeth 2 litres (tap left on)
Toilet flush 9 litres
Washing hands 0.5 litres
Cup of tea or coffee 0.25 litres
Garden sprinkler 1000 litres per hour
Cooking vegetables 2 litres (per pan)
GRAND TOTAL
Water – saving or wasting?Save water....don’t waste it!
Circle all the ways in which water is being wasted in the picture. Can you spot any ways in which Flo &Squirt are trying to save water? Make a list of ways to save water in your home.
Ask your teacher if you can colour in Flo & Squirt’s picture.
The Water Cycle
Thi
s pi
ctur
e sh
ows
how
wat
er is
rec
ycle
d na
tura
lly in
the
wo
rld
in w
hat
is c
alle
d ‘T
he W
ater
Cyc
le’.
Using the Water Cycle
Is t
his
a w
ater
cyc
le?
How
we
use
the
the
Wat
er C
ycle
to
supp
ly h
omes
and
bus
ines
ses
The
Wat
er C
ycle
con
stan
tly
recy
cles
the
wor
ld’s
wat
er.W
e us
e th
is t
o pr
ovid
e w
ater
for
ever
yone
to u
se in
the
ir h
omes
and
in b
usin
esse
s.S
utto
n an
d E
ast
Sur
rey
Wat
er e
xtra
cts
som
e of
the
wat
erdu
ring
the
Wat
er C
ycle
(fr
om r
iver
s,fo
r ex
ampl
e) a
nd t
hen
trea
ts t
his
wat
er t
o m
ake
sure
it is
clea
n an
d sa
fe fo
r pe
ople
to
use.
Onc
e pe
ople
hav
e us
ed t
he w
ater
it is
ret
urne
d to
the
Wat
erC
ycle
so
that
it c
an t
rave
l rou
nd a
gain
for
futu
re u
se.
WH
YD
ON
’T Y
OU
?U
se y
our
fin
ger
to t
race
the
jour
ney
of
the
wat
er f
rom
the
rive
r th
roug
h th
e tr
eatm
ent
wo
rks
to y
our
ho
me.
Whe
redo
es t
he w
aste
(di
rty
wat
er)
go t
o?
Water Cycle & treatmentH
ow w
e tr
eat
our
wat
er w
ithin
the
nat
ural
Wat
er C
ycle
Why
no
t di
scus
s th
is in
yo
ur c
lass
....
and
then
co
lour
the
pic
ture
in!
Ideas for saving waterOur tips for saving water inside and outside the homehave got mixed up. Can you put them under the rightheading – INSIDE or OUTSIDE – on a separate pieceof paper?
Collect rainfallin a water-butt
Wash cars bybucket, not hose.
Cut lawns less frequently
When buying household appliancesbuy those which use less water.
Don’t rinse dishes and vegetablesunder a running tap.
Recycle water. Use house-hold water for garden plants.
Don’t run water until it’s cold.Keep a jug of water in the fridge
Showers use lesswater than baths
Adopt low-watering techniques in the garden.
Make sure washing machines andDish-washers use full loads only.
Make your toiletwater-efficient.
Water plants eveningsor mornings only.
Buy plants whichneed less water.
Fix dripping taps
Can you think of any more water saving tips?
Waterjet wordsearchCan you find the missing words hidden in our waterjet wordsearch?
The words have all been mixed up in the water currents and may have to be read horizontally, verticallyor diagonally (up, down, backwards, forwards, sideways – in fact any way as long as it is in a straight line!)
The missing words are:drain hosepipe overflow dripping garden sprinkler bath pluggutter waterbutt dishwasher leak washing machine shower pour bucket stopcock watering can tap swimming pool splash gush
GWATERBUTTHCURV
IPDISHWASHER
KLAQEWIBAXWO
DRIUKAONPROL
RERHCHWLBFHA
AKNOOWAUFASP
IPYSCITWIRKP
NGGOPHEKQBEL
THQAORRAUKEV
ETKUTPIAZSAL
BSEHSTNNUWUE
BASRESGYKGBX
UATKWSCXSLSC
LMCHMEARRYEO
OUNYINNCOMKR
BLSEPGNIPPIR
S W I M M I N G P O O L W A L D
UAB
SSR
HHE
MIT
ONV
WGR
LMU
EAO
PCP
IHE
PIF
ENG
SEH
OWP
HSI
Water safety signs
Write your answers under each symbol
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Watersafe – summerStay safe this summer near water
Can you spot all the water safety hazards in this picture?
There are 10 in total.
Make a list of the unsafe things that are happening or circle them on the picture using a pencil.
Can you think of any more water hazards?
Ask your teacher if you can colour in the picture, or maybe you could design a poster for Flo & Squirt to warn other children about the dangers of water.
Pollution in the countrysideCan you spot all the ways in which pollution is happening in our picture?
There are nine in total.
Can you think of any other ways in which pollution of water happens?
Ask your teacher if you can colour in the picture. Look out for signs of pollution in yourarea.What can you and your class do to look after your environment?
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