50 billion connected wireless devices... ipv6, anyone?: fredrik garneij, systems manager, ericsson

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50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 1 (3)

If it is the humans that are in the way then we will terminate them!

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…some comments on previous discussions

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The value of IPv4 addresses

› What happens when a company finds 0,4 Billion Euro?

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Finally we have found the IPv6 killer application !!!!!!!!!

› And the winner is..........

It is killing IPv6 deployment!!!!

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50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 5 (3)

WE ARE THE BORG

ALL YOUR IPv4 HARDWARE

AND SOFTWARE WILL BE

ASSIMILATED AND MADE

IPv6 CAPABLE

RESISTANCE IS FUTILE

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50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 6 (3)

…and speaking of the collective and IPv6 deployment.

A community is like a ship; everyone ought to be prepared to take the helm. Henrik Ibsen

50 billion connected devices by 2020. IPv6 anyone?

Fredrik Garneij, Ericsson

“Finding the smoking gun”

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50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 8 (3)

The evolution of IP

IP has an evolution path, lets not jump ahead. There will be branches for sure, some will die and some will live on, time will tell....

....so what to do to remain a surviver.

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50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 9 (3)

GPRS EPC

IP and Mobile Network evolution - Two events converging in time

RFC2460 - (1998) 2128 addresses IPv4

RFC791 - (1981)

232 addresses RFC675 - (1974)

28 Host addresses 24 Net addresses

RFC 1 - 1969 25 address

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A Vision

50 billion connected devices by year 2020

IPv6 Transition is the ONLY path … towards 50B connections

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Ericsson Global 3G IPv6 access

Mona Lisa Musée du Louvre Great Barrier Reef

San Francisco Cable Car Snowmobile Swedish mountains

http://youtube.com/IPv6guy

“A thousand words will not leave so deep an impression as one deed.” Henrik Ibsen

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50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 12 (3)

Obviously we can do IPv6! Yes wE(///) can!

Questions we need to ask ourselves: › Why IPv6 for 50B?

›  Is the 3GPP IPv6 architecture ready for 50B and beyond?

› Do we have a IP migration strategy with an acceptable exit strategy?

Obama stealing from Bob the Builder!

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50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 13 (3)

… wait a minute! What about 50B and IPv4…

Folks, 2^32 = 4 294 967 296 is less than 50B

No problemo, we have NATs! i·ro·ny

[ahy-ruh-nee] 1 the use of words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of its literal meaning: the irony of her reply, “How nice!” when I said I had to work all weekend.

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50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 14 (3)

..eventually the Nanobots bites the dust…

Everything has an ending, every ending is a new beginning…

Why IPv6 for 50B?

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50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 16 (3)

Why IPv6 for 50B? › More IP addresses – Restoring end2end to internet

– For billions of new devices (mobile phones, cars, appliances, sensors…) – For billions of new users (China, India, Africa,…) – Always-on access (mobile, cable, xDSL, Ethernet-to-the-home,…) – For applications that are difficult, expensive or impossible to operate

through NATs (IP telephony, peer-to-peer gaming, home servers,…)

›  Easier security – End2end connectivity enables easy IPsec authentication, authorization and

encryption. Remember: Security is a moving target

Is the 3GPP IPv6 architecture ready for 50B and beyond?

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50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 18 (3)

Mobile Packet Networks explained the Techie way....

Appl. Server

TCP/UDP Appl

PDCP GTP-U UDP

GTP-U UDP

TCP/UDP Appl

GTP-U UDP

L2/L1 L1

S5/S8 SGi S1-U Uu

UE eNodeB S-GW PDN-GW

RLC MAC

IP IP IP

IP IP IP IP

Supports IPv4, IPv6

or Dual Stack

Terminal

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50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 19 (3)

...and explained the seven-year-old way

Encapsulated User Payload IP packet

GTP-U / UDP Encapsulation headers

Mobile network core Transport IP packet

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50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 20 (3)

Upcoming 3GPP Standardization for m2m

›  IMS architecture was once IPv6-only. Why? – Huge # of terminals – End2end communications model using SIP

›  Is m2m any different? – Can the industry agree that IPv6 is the baseline IP version for m2m

and not go through the pain of IMS IP version interworking again? – Can we skip NATs? Hey, it’s a new time, new place……

IPv6 Address Space IPv6 Address Space UE used for

MTC MNO MTC

Server

From 3GPP CR S2-112741 NOTE: IPv6 based addressing for both UEs used for MTC and MTC Servers is considered the primary addressing solution and is preferred to ensure future proof and scalable deployments.

50B Keep-Alives

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50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 22 (3)

Lets look at the buzzword “IP Agnostic”

IP Agnostic does not mean you can be IP version Arrogant nor IP version Ignorant

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50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 23 (3)

DAMN those Keep-Alives! Haven’t you heard, NATs are gone! (hopefully, at least some, and oh, I forgot about in-path firewalls, pcp anyone?)

“Toto, I’ve got a feeling we’re not in NAT44-land anymore…”

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50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 24 (3)

Example: When an application does this…

Application sends Keep-alive Service

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…the packet core at first does this…

3GPP TS 23.401: UE triggered Service Request procedure MME Serving GW PDN GW

2. NAS: Service Request

1. NAS: Service Request

7. S1-AP: Initial Context Setup Complete

3. Authentication/Security

4. S1-AP: Initial Context Setup Request

5. Radio Bearer Establishment

6. Uplink Data

8. Modify Bearer Request

12. Modify Bearer Response

UE eNodeB

11. Modify Bearer Response

10. PCEF Initiated IP-CAN Session Modification

9. Modify Bearer Request

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50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 26 (3)

...and then after a while when done, this…

3GPP TS 23.401: S1 Release procedure

1. S1-AP: S1 UE Context Release Request

5. RRC Connection Release

UE eNodeB Serving GW

2. Release Access Bearers Request

3. Release Access Bearers Response

4. S1-AP: S1 UE Context Release Command

6. S1-AP: S1 UE Context Release Complete X 50B

50B behind NAT Dual-stack and the death of NAT44

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Mar 201117,099 Gbps

Apr-07

Jun-07

Sep-07

Dec-07

Mar-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Dec-08

Mar-09

Jun-09

Sep-09

Dec-09

Mar-10

Jun-10

Sep-10

Dec-10

Mar-11

Jun-11

Sep-11

Dec-11

Mar-12

Jun-12

Sep-12

Nov-12

Feb-13

May-13

Aug-13

Nov-13

Feb-14

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

160,000

180,000

200,000

220,000

240,000

260,000

280,000

300,000

Operator Example Traffic Forecast Traffic Trend

Traffic increase is more than double per year.

2.5 times traffic is expected by end of Mar 2012, and is continuously growing

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50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 29 (3)

Traffic growth NAT impact Th

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

300,000 Network capacity need to grow to handle user traffic growth

If NAT is introduced to deal with IPv4 address runout NAT capacity need to grow equally == increased CAPEX and OPEX unless you start offloading IPv4 traffic

Initial NAT capacity

Added NAT capacity

...and don’t forget the added cost for NAT state logging!

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50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 30 (3)

Traffic growth with dual-stack Th

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

300.000 Network capacity need to grow to handle user traffic growth

If Dual-stack is deployed IPv6 will increasingly offload IPv4 as more services are also offered over IPv6 and NAT capacity need will decrease, reducing NAT expansion need and eventually reverse its need to grow == eliminate NAT CAPEX and decrease OPEX

Initial NAT capacity

Native IPv6

Added NAT capacity

Native IPv6

NO added NAT capacity

IPv6-only combined with NAT64 gives same result and eliminates IPv4 private address usage at UE

50B IPv6 Terminals

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50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 32 (3)

How do we reach 50B Terminals?

› Nokia, Nokia, Nokia

› S40 and S60 Series roughly since 2006 can do the job!

›  IPv6-only combined with NAT64 works with most applications and dual-stack is possible with two PDP contexts

~40 Euro

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50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 33 (3)

› Laptops, pads

– OS:es Vista/W7/OSX/Linux with either built-in Ericsson Mobile Broadband Module or legacy SonyEricsson/Nokia phone as modem

– IPv6-only combined with NAT64 works with most applications and dual-stack is possible with two PDP contexts

Computers Ericsson F5521gw Mobile Broadband

Module

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Android IPv6 support

› Added PDP/PDN Type to Java code – NOTE: Google changed name “Network Type” to “APN Protocol”

when it was released in Android 2.3.4

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50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 35 (3)

First Android 2.1 IPv6 connected over 3G mobile network. “I make it so!”

Nvidia Tegra 2 and Ericsson Mobile Broadband Module F3607gw

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50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 36 (3)

What about IPhone ?

› 90+ million devices sold

› Always-on with Apple Push Server (why not use IPv6?)

“I need an IPhone 4!” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FL7yD-0pqZg

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My IPhone get visited by IPv6 ping over 3G!

Source address: 2001:470:0:2f::1 Destination address: 2001:1b70:8140:ff02::abba:babe

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Ahh.. Blackberry.....

My Blackberry Is Not Working! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kAG39jKi0lI

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› Laptops, pads

– OS:es Vista/W7/OSX/Linux with either built-in Ericsson Mobile Broadband Module or legacy SonyEricsson/Nokia phone as modem

– IPv6-only combined with NAT64 works with most applications and dual-stack is possible with two PDP contexts

Computers Ericsson F5521gw Mobile Broadband

Module

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50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 40 (3)

But is is all about the success of m2m

› M2M, Internet of things, Sensors › MCIM + IPv6 = 50B !?!?

Aggregating 500B

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50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 42 (3)

DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation

› Expands the number of IPv6 network prefixes available behind a UE. ”Mobile is the new Fixed”

GSM/ WCDMA/ LTE

Services (e.g Mobile TV, IMS,

ehealth)

UE CPE Router with GSM/ WCDMA/ LTE uplink

Appliances

eHealth

Internet

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50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 43 (3)

Aggregation for the masses - 500B

› Sensor networks (eg Zigbee-based) can use Packet Core for uplink data transfer. Impact on architecture from aggregated ”Internet of things” need to be studied further in 3GPP order to accomodate this huge market.

Do we have a IP migration strategy with an acceptable exit strategy?

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50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 45 (3)

Think and plan ahead!

› Take aim for IPv6-only!

› I you don’t need to enter an IP migration there’s no need to exit!

› For 50B and beyond the important thing is which IPv4 relics are left in the architecture. (Compare the 1500MTU relic in Ethernet)

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Conclusion 50B and IPv6

›  We will get there… Resistance is futile.

›  Go for IPv6 ASAP

›  Get rid of the Keep-alives

›  Aggregate connectivity

Turn on... Tune in... .....but dont drop out!

Anti-drug disclaimer: IPv6 is not a pshycedelic drug and I am not Timothy Leary

What it all boils down to:

www.ericsson.com over IPv6 at Akamai

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50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 48 (3)

A final word from Henrik Ibsen

“A minority may be right, and a majority is always wrong.” ..so for how long will we be right about IPv6? I’m ok with being wrong.

50 billion connected wireless devices... ipv6, anyone?: fredrik garneij, systems manager, ericsson

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