3/4/16 apush period 2: 1607-1754 reviewed!
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3/4/16
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APUSH PERIOD 2: 1607-1754
REVIEWED!
PERIOD 2: BIG IDEAS ü There were similarities and differences between
Spanish, French, English, and Dutch colonization of North America
ü The English colonies were largely allowed to govern their own affairs and oftentimes ignored English mercantile laws (Period of Salutary Neglect prior to 1754)
ü Native Americans and Europeans engaged in a variety
of complex relationships
ü The horrible institution of slavery developed in the colonies
IMPORTANT:“Differentsocie6esemergedasEuropeansandAmericanIndiansmaneuveredandfoughtfordominance,control,andsecurityinNorthAmerica.”Diverse patterns of colonization:
1) Different imperial goals
2) Different cultures
3) Different environments
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“Spainsoughttoestablish6ghtcontrolovertheprocessofcoloniza<onintheWesternHemisphereandtoconvertand/orexploitthena<vepopula<on.”ü ChristopherColumbusü ColumbianExchangeü TreatyofTordesillasü SpanishConquistadores
(knowsomeexamples)ü Encomiendasystemü SaintAugus6ne(1565)ü Mercan6lismü SpanishMissionariesü Mes6zo/Racein
colonialSpainü PuebloRevolt(Pope’s
Rebellion)
“FrenchandDutchcolonialeffortsinvolvedrela6velyfewEuropeansandusedtradealliancesandintermarriagewithAmericanIndianstoacquirefursandotherproductsforexporttoEurope.“
FRENCH STUFF ü Samuel de Champlain
(1608) ü French Huguenots ü Catholic Jesuit
Missionaries ü Fur Trading economy ü Huron alliance ü “coureurs de bois” ü French colonial
government structure
DUTCH STUFF
English colonies were different from their European rivals: 1. Large numbers
of men and women
2. Established permanent economic settlements
3. Hostile relationship with native people
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KeyPoint:RegionaldifferencesexistedbetweentheBri6shcolonies:
1.) Who came 2.) Why they came 3.) Environmental & geographic variations (climate, natural resources, etc)
New England
Middle
Lower South
Chesapeeake
Reasons for Differences
• Puritanreligiousmo6vesforcolonies– Pilgrims,Mayflower
Compact,WilliamBradford– JohnWinthrop“CityUpona
Hill”,Mass.BayCo.
• Close-knithomogeneoussociety– TownHallmee6ngs– HarvardUniversity– Contrast:RogerWilliams
RhodeIsland,AnneHutchison,SalemWitchTrials,HalfWayCovenant
• Mixedeconomyagriculture&trade
NEW ENGLAND COLONIES
Diverse• Demographic• Religious
– WilliamPenn’s“HolyExperiment”inPennsylvania.(Quakers)
• Ethnic– Dutchpresence(NewYork)
– German,Scots-IrishinPenn.&otherplaces
Exporteconomy• Mixedeconomy
– “Breadbasket”
MIDDLE COLONIES
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EconomicMo6ves:Virginia– Jamestownest.1607– VirginiaCompanyofLondon– StarvingTime– JohnSmithdiscipline– JohnRolfe&cul<va<onofcashcrop
tobacco(planta<oneconomy)– LaborForce:whiteindenturedservant
toAfricanchadelslavery(Bacon’sRebellion1676)
CHESAPEAKE COLONIES & NORTH CAROLINA
Maryland– LordBal<more
• Catholicrefuge• ActofReligiousTolera<on(1649)
• SouthCarolina&Georgia• WestIndies(Jamaica,Barbados)-sugarplanta<ons
Slavelaborcashcrops– SouthCarolina
• Rice-cashcrop• Planta<oneconomy• Majorityofpopula<onslaves
SOUTHERN COLONIES
Ethnic diversity of the colonies
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Economic diversity of the colonies
DEVELOPMENT OF COLONIAL IDENTITY: RELIGIOUS:Developmentofreligiousfreedomanddiversity§ RhodeIsland:RogerWilliamsest.separa<onofchurch&state§ Pennsylvania:WilliamPenn&Quakers§ Maryland:HavenforCatholics&“ActOfReligiousTolera<on”-freedomtoallChris<ans!§ FirstGreatAwakening(1730s-1740s)-religiousdiversity,challengeauthority
§ JonathanEdwards“SinnersintheHandsofanAngryGod”§ GeorgeWhitefield
§ HOWEVER:Religiousfreedomwasnotarealityinallofthecolonies.
POLITICAL:Developmentofdemocra6cins6tu6ons§ MayflowerCompact(1620)earlycolonialself-government§ NewEnglandcolonies:TownHallmee<ngsforadultmalechurchmembers§ Virginia:HouseofBurgesses(1619)1strepresenta<veassembly§ Pennsylvania:Electedrepresenta<veassemblies§ Trialbyjuryinmostcolonies§ ImpactofEnlightenmentideas§ HOWEVER:Mostcolonistexcludedfrompoli6cs(gradualdevelopmentofdemocra6c
ideas)ANGLICIZATIONoftheBRITISHCOLONIES§ Poli<calsystemsbasedonEnglishmodels,Englishlegaltradi<ons,commercial<es,
Enlightenmentideas,religiousinfluences,connec<ontoAtlan<cworld,etc.
IMPORTANT:As the colonies developed, their interest oftentimes conflicted with the goals and interests of the mother country. This led to growing mistrust between the colonies and England.
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APUSH FORESHADOWING
Its about
to go
down in
this area
in 1754!
EARLY CONFLICT WITH ENGLAND § Mercan<listlawsademptedtorestricttheeconomicac<vityofthecolonies
§ Naviga<onActs(onlytradewithEngland,Englishships,ports,enumeratedgoods)§ Manycolonistignoretheselaws(smuggling)andtradewithBritain’srivals
§ MolassesAct,HatAct–intendedtoprotectBri<sheconomicinterest§ DominionofNewEngland(1686)-increaseroyalcontrolovercolonies
§ NewEnglandcolonies,NY,NJ§ SirEdmundAndrosrestrictpoli<calandeconomicrightsofcolonist§ OverthrownfollowingGloriousRevolu<on
§ WestwardExpansion§ Englishcolonistenterintodisputedterritory(OhioValley)claimedbyFrance§ Adempttorestrictcolonialexpansion(Proclama<onof1763)
KEYPOINT:“ResistancetoimperialcontrolintheBri<shcoloniesdrewoncolonialexperiencesofself-government,evolvinglocalideasofliberty,thepoli<calthoughtoftheEnlightenment,greaterreligiousindependenceanddiversity,andanideologycri<calofperceivedcorrup<onintheimperialsystem.”
1754 Salutary neglect begins to come to an end!
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TURNING POINT: 1492
Some stuff to make you APUSH Smart…… ü Interactions with European settlers caused
tremendous demographic and cultural changes amongst Native American & African communities.
ü Spain and France tended to attempt to
accommodate some aspects of Native American culture.
ü English colonization tended to reinforce their
own worldviews on land and gender roles
IMPORTANT:“TheBri<sh–Americansystemofslaverydevelopedoutoftheeconomic,demographic,andgeographiccharacteris<csoftheBri<sh-controlledregionsoftheNewWorld.“A. Lack of racial mixing in the English
colonies – Development of rigid racial
hierarchy B. African chattel slavery emerged (1619)
– lots of land – shortage of indentured servants – Could not enslave native peoples – growing European demand for
colonial goods C. Strong belief in British racial and
cultural superiority – the British system enslaved black
people for life – led the British colonists into violent
confrontations with native peoples. D. Africans developed both overt and
covert means to resist the dehumanizing aspects of slavery.
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“European colonization efforts in North America stimulated intercultural contact and intensified conflict between the various groups of colonizers and native peoples.” • New England Colonies
– Pequot War (1636-37) – King Philips War (1675-76)
• Chesapeake – Anglo-Powhatan Wars (1610-40s) – Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)
• Southern Colonies – Stono Rebellion (1739)
• Spanish Colonies – Pueblo Revolt (1680)
• French/Dutch Colonies – Beaver Wars (mid 17th century)
BEAVER WARS
Intensity and destructiveness will increase amongst Native Americans
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