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© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 1
3G Core Network Technology Trends
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 2
Story so far
Mobile Mobile Internet Internet
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 3
Growth in MobileCommunication Services
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1,200
01995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Sub
scrib
ers
(in
mill
ion)
Japan(excl. PHS)
Asia Pacific(excl. Japan)
Latin America
Rest of theworld
NorthAmerica
WesternEurope
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 4
The New Telecom World …. Beyond Voice
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 5
Bundling of ServicesBundling of Services
TELECOMMUNICATIONSTELECOMMUNICATIONSCOMPUTERCOMPUTER
CONVERGENCECONVERGENCECONVERGENCECONVERGENCEInformation ContentInformation Content
Information ServersInformation Servers
Access NetworksAccess Networks
Information AppliancesInformation Appliances
COMMERCE & BROADCATERSCOMMERCE & BROADCATERS
DELIVERY TO A WIDE RANGE OF DEVICES OVER A COMMON CORE NETWORKDELIVERY TO A WIDE RANGE OF DEVICES OVER A COMMON CORE NETWORK
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 6
Converging industries
Computers& Datacom
Consumer electronics
Entertainment& Publishing
Businessmultimedia
Informationgadgets
Telecom
Homemultimedia
Information &work support
IP
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 7
CS vs PS
Today: you go through a circuit switch to get to a packet switch.Tomorrow: you’ll use a packet switch
to emulate to a circuit switch.
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 8
The strategic direction
Te
lec
om
Datacom
Mobility
2G mobilevoice
Wirelinetelephony
Mobiledata
WAN/LANdata
Voice over IP
3G(UMTS)
2G Internet
1G mobile Internet
1G Internet
3G Internet
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 9
Three important steps
Voice goes Mobile– Home / Office Zone, GSM on the Net, Number Portability– Separation of private / business usage and roles
Mobile Data kick-off– WAP (SMS/USSD), SIM TK,...– GPRS, GSM on the Net, Virtual Office,
WebOnAir, ...
New Business Concepts– GPRS - always connected, client-server, content v.s. time– UMTS Virtual Home Environment - networks opening up– Bluetooth - bridging technology, e-services– Mobile eCommerce - real time charging/billing, triple-A
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 10
Cerf’s Prediction:
By 2010, 100% of all trafficwill be packetized!
Are we ready?!
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 11
IP on Everything
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 12
It’s All About DATA!
• KEY FACTORS:- Data Access- Data Delivery- Data Integration
•WIRELESS IS JUST HOW IT GETS THERE
•THE FOCUS IS THE END-TO-END SOLUTION
Services that offer Value Added Applications and
Content are of interest to the user!...
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 13
Vision 2003!
IP Virtual Private Network (VPN)IP Virtual Private Network (VPN)
PLATFORM FOR A WIDE RANGE OF PLATFORM FOR A WIDE RANGE OF COMMUNICATIONS-BASED SERVICESCOMMUNICATIONS-BASED SERVICES
CAPACITYCAPACITY
SERVICES
SERVICES
MO
BILITY
MO
BILITY
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 14
The Future
The Battle of the access network is over, it is know called: “Harmonized single global standard with several modes”
The new cry for revolution is:“All IP-based core networks!!!”
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 15
Internet Protocol (IP)
• Routes information packets through islands of networks
• Provides addressing information to identify the source and destination
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 16
0 7 15 23 31
Version Type of service Total length
Identification Fragment offset
IP Datagram
IHL
DF
MF
Time to live Protocol Header checksum
Source address
Destination address
Options
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 17
What will IP offer?
• The convergence interface for data, voice and multimedia applications as well as fixed and mobile networks
• Opportunity for third party developers to add value to a system
• Single system architecture for residential, office, fixed, mobile environments
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 18
The Famous Questions
• Which one is better, IP or ATM?
• Wireless IP or Mobile IP? What about Cellular IP?
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 19
How does IP work?
Physical
Network Access
IP
Transport(host-to-host)
Application
Physical
Network Access
IP
Transport(host-to-host)
Application
Communication Networks
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 20
Future Challenges for IP
“32 bits should be enough address space for Internet”
-- Vint Cerf, 1977
• QoS
•Addressing
• Wireless
• Mobility
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 21
Once we have advanced IP,what do we want to do with it?
• Establish a flexible service creation environment
• Enable quick service/application creation
• Ensure independence of access type
• Provide open interfaces to ensure a multi-vendor environment
• Maintain and enhance Global Roaming
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 22
How do we get there?
• Hybrid CS and PS networks will exist in near term
• Backward compatibility is critical
• Service transparency must exist across domains for common services
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 23
Again ...
IT’S ALL ABOUTDATA!
WIRELESS IS JUST HOW IT GETS THERE
• Broadband Wireless• Cellular mobile• Wireless LAN
+
IP +
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 24
Clients
Multi-Service Next Generation Networks
TodaySingle-service networks
LA
N (
Dat
a)L
AN
(D
ata)
Mo
bile
Mo
bile
Fix
ed T
elep
ho
ny
Fix
ed T
elep
ho
ny
Bro
adb
and
Wir
eles
sB
road
ban
dW
irel
ess
Servers
Clients
IP Backbone Network
AccessAccess
FutureMulti-service networks
Communcationi Control
Content Content
Access
Services
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 25
Evolution
HLRHLRPSTN/ISDN
MAP
HLR Internet
GPRS Node
BTSBTS
BSC
Voice Data
A Gb
MSCMSCBROADBAND / IP NETWORK
Node B
NodeB
RNC
Data
IWUIWU
PSTN/ISDN
LEGACYNETWORKS
Voice
ALL-IP BASEDALL-IP BASED NETWOKSNETWOKS
Today: You go through a CS to get to a PSTomorrow: You’ll go through a PS to get to a CS
2.5 G2.5 G 3 G3 G
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 26
What is GPRS?
•GSM is now in phase 2+, which consists of a large number of projects including improved voice coding and advance data transmission services such as high speed circuit switched data (HSCSD) and the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS).
•The General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a new non-voice value added service introduced in order to provide more efficient access to packet data networks from cellular networks.
•It supplements today's Circuit Switched Data and Short Message Service in GSM networks.
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 27
What is GPRS?
•Theoretical maximum speeds of up to 171.2 kbps
•Immediacy (no dial-up connection is necessary)
•Enable the Internet applications not available previously on GSM networks
•GPRS shares GSM frequency bands with telephone and circuit switched data traffic, and makes use of many properties of the physical layer of the original GSM system such asmultiple access scheme (TDMA) frame structuremodulation technique andslot structure
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 28
Tendency toward mobile IP
IP convergence
Telecommunication• Transportation• ISDN - Services• Video calls• Larger bandwith
Computer• Internet
access• Pictures• Remote LAN• e-mail• voice over IP
Media• Music• Video on
Demand• Animation• Infotainment• Advertisement
Mobility and
individual services
Mobile
IP
Why GPRS?
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 29
•GSM packet mode
•A new entity called GPRS Support Node (GSNs) is introduced to create end to end packet transfer mode within PLMN. There are two types of GSNs: the Serving GPRS support node (SGSN) the Gateway GPRS support node (GGSN)
•Designed to minimize hardware modifications on existing network elements :addition of a new hardware component in the BSS, the PCU,
which integrates most of the BSS new functions and manages RLC/MAC layers
BSC and BTS are impacted as few as possibleentirely new core network with many functionsThe HLR is enhanced with GPRS subscriber data and routing
information
GPRS: Architecture
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 30
•Provides an access to packet data networksInternetX.25
•This has driven to choices which are not « natural »e.g. ciphering is between MS and SGSN (LLC layer), standard
GSM BTS are not capable to handle ciphering with several keys for multiplexed MS on the same physical channel
•Two types of services are providedPoint to point (PTP)Point to multi-point (PTM)
GPRS: Architecture
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 31
•Consists of packet wireless access network and IP-based backbone
•Shares mobility databases with circuit voice services and adds new packet switching nodes (SGSN & GGSN)
•Will support GPRS, EDGE & WCDMA airlinks
•Provides services to different mobile classes ranging from 1-slot to 8-slot capable
•Radio resources shared dynamically between speech and data services
GPRS: Architecture
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 32
VLR ExternalData
Network
GGSNSGSN
Signalling
User data
GbGn
Gr
Abis
Gs
GatewayMobility Management RoutingEncapsulation
Mobility Management Authentication Ciphering Routing Other
PLMNs
Gp
Gi
New nodes
GSM nodesMSC
GGSN
BSCBTS
HLR
Mobile data solution built upon the existing GSM Infrastructure and Mobility Management. The packet oriented transport is obtained through a modified use of GSM RF and the addition of packet switched nodes ( IP routers with addition features like GPRS specific control and SS7 interfaces) in the backbone.
GPRS Architecture
Um
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 33
GPRS Architecture
Gf
D
Gi
Gn
GbGc
CE
Gp
Gs
Signalling and Data Transfer Interface
Signalling Interface
MSC/VLR
TE MT BSS TEPDN
R Um
GrA
HLR
Other PLMN
SGSN
GGSN
Gd
SM-SCSMS-GMSC
SMS-IWMSC
GGSN
EIR
SGSN
Gn
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 34
GPRS Architecture, The GGSN
•The Gateway GPRS support node (GGSN) acts as a logical interface to the GPRS network and to external public data networks such as IP and X.25
•GGSN is connected to with SGSNs via an IP GPRS backbone network
•Routing. GGSN contains routing information for attached GPRS users.
•Mobility Management. GGSN also performs mobility management functions requesting location information from the HLR.
•Encapsulation. GGSN performs routing functions to “tunnel” Protocol Data Units (PDUs)
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 35
GPRS Architecture, The SGSN
•The SGSN is at the same hierarchical level as the MSC and is responsible for the delivery of packets to the MSs within its service area.
•Mobility Management. SGSN Keeps track of the individual MS’s location.
•Authentication. SGSN does access control
•Ciphering. Performs security functions
• Routing. Provides packet routing to and from the SGSN service area for all users in that service area.
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 36
GPRS Protocol Architecture
Relay
NetworkService
GTP
Application
IP / X.25
SNDCP
LLC
RLC
MAC
GSM RF
SNDCP
LLC
BSSGP
L1bis
RLC
MAC
GSM RF
BSSGP
L1bis
Relay
L2
L1
IP
L2
L1
IP
GTP
IP / X.25
Um Gb Gn GiMS BSS SGSN GGSN
NetworkService
UDP /TCP
UDP /TCP
Relay
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 37
GPRS Protocol Architecture
•Above the network layer, widespread standardized protocols may be used.
•Between two GSNs:The GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) tunnels packet data units
(PDU) through the backbone network by adding routing information;
TCP/UDP and IP are used as the GPRS backbone network layer protocols. Ethernet, ISDN or asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)-based protocols may be used below IP;
•Between the SGSN and the MSThe SNDCP maps network level protocol characteristics onto
the underlying logical link control and provides functionalities like multiplexing of network layer messages onto a single virtual logical connection, encryption, segmentation and compression;
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 38
GPRS Protocol Architecture
•Between the MS and BSSThe DLL is divided into the LLC and the RLC/MAC sublayers.
The LLC provides a logical link between the MS and the SGSN. Protocol functionality is based on LAP-D
The RLC/MAC provides services for information transfer over the physical layer of the GPRS radio interface.– The RLC is responsible for the transmission of data blocks and the
backward error correction– The MAC is derived from a slotted ALOHA protocol.
The Physical layer is split up into a PLL and RFL. – The PLL is responsible for FEC, rectangular interleaving, and
procedures for detecting physical link congestion– The RFL conforms to the GSM 05 series of recommendations.
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 39
GPRS Protocol Architecture
•In the Network
The LLC is split between the BSS and the SGSN. The BSS functionality is called LLC relay.
Between the BSS and the SGSN, the BSS GPRS Protocol (BSSGP) conveys routing and QoS related information, and operates above frame relay.
•Between the MS, BSS and the SGSN,
The same protocols are used for data transmission up to the SNDCP protocol. At the network layer, a specific mobility management protocol is required within the MS and SGSN.
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 40
GPRS in the GSM Evolution
•GPRS is part of the GSM data services evolution
GSMData
HSCSD
GPRS
EDGEEGPRS
WCDMA
1998 1999 2001
WCDMAPhase I
Evolution
9.6 kbps
9.6 - 28.8 kbps
9 - 53.6 kbps
384 kbps
144 - 384 kbps
384 - 2048 kbps
2000
Time
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 41
BSC
SGSN
GGSN
GPRS Mobility: Session Setup
PSTN/ISDN
BTS
IP
I want to do packet
Radio link established
Set up a contextTunnel created
IP Address exists!HLR
MSC
GMSC
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 42
GMSC
MSC
BSC
GGSN
SGSN
GPRS Mobility: Packet Forwarding
PSTN/ISDN
BTS
IP
163.43.42.143
Inbound packet
Allocate a few bursts and send it!
This tunnel!
This radio link!
Where is the mobile?
?
Where is the mobile?
?
HLR
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 43
GMSC
MSC
BSC
GGSN
SGSN
GPRS Mobility: Cell Reselection
PSTN/ISDN
BTS
IP
Tunnel createdRadio link establishedI’m here now
OK, new link and tunnel
Still same IP address!HLR
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 44
• A GPRS MS can operate in one of three modes of operation. The mode of operation depends on the services that the MS is attached to, i.e., only GPRS or both GPRS and other GSM services, and upon the MS's capabilities to operate GPRS and other GSM services simultaneously;
• An MS in class‑A mode of operation operates GPRS and other GSM services simultaneously;
• An MS in class‑B mode of operation monitors control channels for GPRS and other GSM services simultaneously, but can only operate one set of services at one time;
• An MS in class‑C mode of operation exclusively operates GPRS services;
GPRS, Types of Mobile Station
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 45
But in fact … by end 2003
•1 billion fixed IP nodes;
•1 billion mobile nodes;
•1 billion circuit switched high bandwidth nodes;
and:
•Millions of Bluetooth machine-to-machine communications;
• Millions of xDSL nodes with n>10 users per node.
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 46
ISP
Intranet
Internet
Packet Data Network with various radio technologies
GGSN
PSTNSGSN-GSM
W-ATM
SGSN-W-ATM
URAN SGSN-UMTS
PSTNGW
IP - backbone
Modular, main parts are independent of radio access
SGSN-D-AMPS
GGSN-corporate
IS-136
BSS
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 47
Network Evolution time plan(also as 3GPP,ETSI,etc evolve..finally)
GPRSBest effort packet data
EDGENo voice
Best effort packet data
EDGE UMTS
Real time spectrum efficient multimedia1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
GPRS with IPv4Best effort packet data
GSM voice
EDGEBest effort v4 packet data
GSM voice
UMTS with IPv4+v6Best effort packet dataCircuit switched voice
EDGE UMTS
Real time IPv6 voice and dataPhase1
Phase2
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 48
Common architecture 2003
3G Network based on the same Server/Gateway architecture for wireline & for wireless
Backbone
MGW MGW
Wireless Wireline
Media Gateway
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 49
GMSC
MSC
UTRAN
BSC
GGSN
SGSN
UMTS network overview
PSTN/ISDN
UTRAN: UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access NetworkRNC: Radio Network Controller
Node B
CS core network
UTRAN transport: ATMNew tricks: Soft Handover using IP
IP
Packet core network
HLR
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 50
Multiple Levels of Mobility
•Access level classical cellular
• Network level Mobile IP
• Application level H.323 mobility and WAP gateways
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 51
Mobility Concepts for Users
•The user does not care about it! They just want to have access at anytime, to anything and
anywhere;
• True mobility (always the best access) Depends on subscription, coverage and terminal capacity;
• The way to get there Hidden and seamless across different access technologies
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 52
UMTS Basic Configuration
BSS
BSC
RNS
RNC
CN
Node B Node B
A IuPS
Iur
Iubis
USIM
ME
MS
Cu
Uu
MSCSGSN
Gs
GGSNGMSC
GnHLR
Gr
GcC
D
E
AuCH
EIR
F Gf
GiPSTN
IuCSGb
VLRB
Gp
VLRG
BTSBTS
Um
RNC
Abis
SIM
SIM-ME i/f or
MSC
B
PSTNPSTN
cell
• The basic configuration is a PLMN supporting GPRS and the interconnection to the PSTN/ISDN and PDN;
• Interface Iu, Iur and Iubis are defined in the UMTS 24.4xx series;
• Interfaces B, C, D, E, F and G need the support of the support of the Mobile application Part of the signaling system No 7 to exchange the data necessary to provide the mobile service.
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 53
Working Assumptions
The phase 1 UMTS/Release ‘99 standards should provide the capability to support:
• a core network based on an evolved 2G MSC and an evolved SGSN;
• an optionally evolved Gs interface;
• mobile IPv4 with Foreign Agent care-of address to end users over the UMTS/GPRS network, where the Foreign-Agent is located in the GGSN;
• UMTS/IMT2000 phase 1 (release 99) network architecture and standards shall the operator to choose between Integrated and Separated core network for transmission (including L2);
• the UMTS standard shall allow for both separated and combined MSC/VLR and SGSN configurations;
• separate the L3 control signaling from the L2 transport (do not optimize L3 for one L2 technology);
• future evolution may lead to the migration of some services from CS-domain to the PS-domain without changes to the associated higher-layer protocols of functions.
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 54
Iu Interface
Iu-PS
AAL5
ATM
UDP/IP
GTPUser plane
AAL5
ATM
UDP/IP
GTPUser plane
• UTRAN shall support two logically separate signaling flows via Iu to combined or separate network nodes of different types (MSC and SGSN);
• the protocol architecture for the User Plane of the Iu interface towards the IP domain shall be based on the same principles as for the (evolved) Gn interface;
• One or several AAL5/ATM Permanent VCs may be used as the common L2 resources between the UTRAN and the ‘IP domain’ of the CN.
Protocol architecture for the Iu user plane toward the IP domain
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 55
Charging Functionality
Charging functionality is located at the 3G-SGSN, on the other hand only RNC can identify the actual packet volume successfully transferred to a UE. In order for 3G-SGSN to provide the volume based charging for IP domain, the system shall support the following procedure over Iu interface:
• RNC indicates the volume of all not transferred downlink data (discarded or forwarded to 2G-SGSN) to the 3G-SGSN so that the 3G-SGSN can correct its counter. Partially transferred packets are handled as not transferred;
• RNC delivers to the 3G-SGSN the discarded of forwarded volume accumulated over an implementation dependent time and not per discarded or forwarded packet;
• the 3G-SGSN can ask RNC to provide the volume of buffered downlink data to correct its counter at any time the 3G-SGSN wants.
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 56
Iu Control Plane
RANAP
MTP-3bCTP
(module SCCP/MTP3 users)
SAAL-NNI IP
SCCP
RANAP protocol stack option
• for transport of RANAP messages over Iu an SCCP protocol shall be used for both packet and circuit switched domains;
• in the circuit switched domain SCCP messages shall be transported on a broadband SS7 stack comprising MTP3b on top of SAAL-NNI;
• in the packet switched domain the UMTS standard shall allow operators to chose one out of two standardized protocol suites for transport of SCCP messages: broadband SS7 stack comprising MTP3b
on top of SAAL-NNI; IETF CTP protocol suite for MTP3b users
with adaptation to SCCP, fully compatible with IP.
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 57
Iu User Plane
RLC
MAC
L1
GTP-U
BSSGP
ATM
L2
L1
UDP/IP
L2
L1
UDP/IP
Uu Iu Gn GiUE RNS 3G-SGSN 3G-GGSN
GTP-UGTP-U
UDP/IP
RLC
L1
AAL5
ATM
UDP/IP
GTP-U
MACAAL5
• the standard shall support that the user data flows transported over the Iu reference point to/from the ‘IP domain’ shall be multiplexed on top of common L2 resources;
• if the Iu data transport bases on ATM PVCs then the Iu IP layer provides the Iu network layer services;
• a tunneling protocol is used on top of the common L2, this tunneling protocol corresponds to an evolution of the user plane part of the GTP protocol used in GPRS put on top of UDP/IP;
• the user data plane in the UMTS network is made up of two tunnels: a first IP/UDP/GTP tunnel between RNC and 3G SGSN on Iu; a second IP/UDP/GTP tunnel between GGSN and 3G SGSN on Gn.
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 58
Data Retrieve Between GPRS and UMTS
G G S N
2 G -S G S N
S R N C
UE
R L CL L C
3 G -S G S N
D a t a r e t r i e v e v i a 3 G -S G S N v i a t w o G T Pp i p e s
D a t a R e t r i e v eI n t h e u s e r p l a n e
G P R S / U M T SH a n d o v e rS i g n a l l i n g
R A N A P
G T P - c
• since some parameters transported by GTP-c are CN related only, it is necessary to terminate GTP-c signaling exchanged with the 2G-SGSN in the 3G-SGSN and to use RANAP signaling on Iu between 3G-SGSN and SRNC;
• as charging of the retrieved data is to be carried out at 3G-SGSN, data exchanged between SRNC and 2G-SGSN are handled by the 3G-SGSN to ensure that: 3G-SGSN can increment charging counters
for user data sent from 2G-SGSN to SRNC; 3G-SGSN can decrement charging counters
for user data sent from SRNC to 2G-SGSN avoiding that such data are charged twice.
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 59
GTP-u
AAL5
IP
UDP
ATM
GTP-u
L2
IP
UDP
L1
SRNC 3G-SGSN 2G-SGSN
GTP-u
L2
IP
UDP
L1
GTP-u
AAL5
IP
UDP
ATMIu Gn
User Plane Protocol Stack for Data Retrieve Between GPRS and UMTS
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 60
SRNC
GGSN
SRNC
UE
RLCRLC
3G-SGSN 3G-SGSN
data retrieve via 3G-SGSN
User data stream
RNSAPSignalling
SRNSRelocationSignalling
GTP-c
RANAPRANAP
User Data Retrieve in UMTS
• there are two kind of signaling: core network: corresponds to signaling
exchanged on Gn between 3G-SGSNs during the first phase of resources for the SRNC relocation;
access network: corresponds to signaling for RLC protocol between SRNC and UE. This can be done over Iur when the source SRNC actually hands-over the role of SRNC;
• the user plane for data retrieve between two RNCs is based on GTP-u/UDP/IP, the GTP connections are terminated in the source SRNC and the target SRNC.
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 61
User Plane Protocol Stack for Data Retrieve in UMTS
GnIu Iu
GTP-u
AAL5
IP
UDP
ATM
L2
IP
L1
GTP-u
AAL5
IP
UDP
ATM
SourceSRNC
3G-SGSN 3G-SGSN TargetSRNC
L2
IP
L1
AAL5
IP
ATM
AAL5
IP
ATM
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 62
Two Iu signalling connections (“two RANAP instances”)
UTRAN
3G SGSN
HLR
3G MSC/VLR
UE
CS servicedomain
Two CN service domains
One RRC connection
UTRAN withdistributionfunctionality
PS servicedomain
Common subscription data base
CS state PS state
PS state CS state
CS location PS location
Separate Core Network Architecturefor UMTS
© Copyright 2000 Wireless facilities, Inc. Page 63
Integrated Core Network Architecturefor UMTS
Two Iu signalling connections “two RANAP instances”
UTRAN
HLR
UMSC
UE
CS servicedomain
Two CN service domains
One RRC connection
UTRAN withdistributionfunctionality
PS servicedomain
Common subscription data base
CS state PS state
PS state CS state
CS location PS location
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