27 amendments

27 Amendments

● Principles related to representative democracy are reflected in the articles and amendments of the U.S. Constitution and provide structure for the government of the United States.

Learning Target #1

● I can relate one of the arguments over the need for a bill of rights to the wording of one of the first 10 Amendments to the U.S. Constitution.

Create Mnemonic Devices to Learn Them!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o0BMTIErN8U&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

1st Amendment

● Freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly and petition.

2nd Amendment

● Right to bear arms.

3rd Amendment

● Military troops may not take over civilian homes during peacetime.

4th Amendment

● Protection from unreasonable search and seizure. Probable cause is needed.

5th Amendment

● Grand juries will determine if there is sufficient reason to bring a case to trial. Double jeopardy – a person will not be tried for the same crime twice. You cannot be forced to to give evidence against yourself. Cannot be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law. Eminent domain – private property can be taken for public use as long as there is just compensation.

5th Amendment

6th Amendment

● Right to a public and speedy Trial.

● Informed of charges.● Confronted by the

witnesses against him.● Right to an attorney.

6th Amendment

7th Amendment

● Right to trial by jury in cases exceeding $20.00.

● Applies to civil cases, not criminal matters.

8th Amendment

● No Cruel or Unusual Punishment.

● No excessive bail.

9th Amendment

● People have other civic rights that may not be specifically mentioned in the Constitution.

10th Amendment

● The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States or the People.

Bill of Rights Game

http://www.texaslre.org/BOR/billofrights.html

Learning Target #2

● I can summarize how the 13th-15th Amendments addressed the aftermath of slavery and the Civil War.

13th Amendment

● Slavery shall be abolished.

14th Amendment

● States cannot discriminate against people or create laws that deprive them of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.

15th Amendment

● No citizen shall be refused the right to vote because of race.

Learning Target #3

● I can summarize how the 16th -19th Amendments addressed the calls for reform during the Progressive Era.

16th Amendment

● Congress can collect taxes without sharing with states based on their population.

17th Amendment

● People directly elect 2 Senators for their state.

● Rob Portman● Sherrod Brown

18th Amendment

● It is illegal to manufacture, sell, and transport alcoholic beverages.

19th Amendment

● Women's suffrage! Women's right to vote!

●

Learning Target #4

● I can cite evidence to show that the Constitution of the United States has been repeatedly amended to extend suffrage to disenfranchised groups.

● Review 15 and 19!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-uPcthZL2RE&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

Women's suffrage

24th Amendment

● Government shall not require a person to pay a poll tax in order to vote.

26th Amendment

● No one over eighteen can be denied the right to vote by virtue of age.

Learning Target #5

● Explain the historical circumstances surrounding the adoption of constitutional amendments pertaining to presidential election, terms and succession.

12th Amendment

● President and Vice-President shall be voted for on separate ballots.

20th Amendment

● The President shall take office January 20th (rather than March 4 as stated in the Constitution.) Congress shall begin its term January 3rd.

22nd Amendment

● The President shall not serve more than two terms.

23rd Amendment

● Gives the district of Columbia the right to vote in presidential elections and have presidential electors.

25th Amendment

● When the President dies, the Vice-President takes office. When the Vice-President dies, the President can appoint someone with Congressional consent.

Learning Target #6

● Describe the unique circumstances surrounding the adoption of Amendments 11, 21 and 27.

11th Amendment

● States cannot be sued in Federal Court by one of its citizens, a citizen of another state, or by a foreign country.

21st Amendment

● Repeals the 18th amendment.

27th Amendment

● A Congressional election is required before any changes in congressional compensation may be instituted.

Make a Song!

● You will be assigned a learning target from the lesson.

● You are to turn those amendments/terms into a SONG/Rhyme for memorization.

● Be sure to include all amendments in your section.

● Be sure to include the historical significance.

● Be sure to analyze the amendments role in the Constitution. (theme)

Informal Amendment

Informal amendment is the process by which over time many changes have been made in the Constitution which

have not involved any changes in its written word.

Informal Amendment

The informal amendment process can take place by:

(1) the passage of basic legislation by Congress;

(2) actions taken by the President;

(3) key decisions of the Supreme Court;

(4) the activities of political parties; and

(5) custom.

Executive Action and Court Decisions

Executive Action

Presidential actions have produced a number of important informal amendments, such as the use of the military under the power of commander in chief.

An executive agreement is a pact made by the President directly with the head of a foreign state.

Court Decisions

The nation’s courts, most importantly the United States Supreme Court, interpret and apply the Constitution in many cases they hear.

Informal Amendment and Executive Agreement

1. An informal amendment can be established by (a) actions taken by the President.

(b) custom.

(c) key decisions of the Supreme Court.

(d) all of the above.

2. An executive agreement is (a) a promise from the President to the legislature.

(b) a pact made by the President directly with the head of a foreign state.

(c) a decision made by the President and his cabinet members.

(d) the contract the President signs when he accepts the office.

Electoral College

● The group that makes the formal selection of the nation's President, from what the Framers intended into a “rubber stamp” for each State's popular vote in Presidential elections.

● We will learn more about this topic later.

Custom vs. Constitution

● 15 Executive departments make up the Cabinet, an advisory body to the President.

● Part of custom, not in the Constitution.