23661315 optical network
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Optical Networks
Mithilesh Pamnani
Chiranjib Dhar
Shoaib Naik
Prabhat Singal
Abhishek Singh
Nagalakshmi S
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What is Optical Network?
-Optical networks are high capacitytelecommunications networks based on
optical technologies and components
, ,that provide routing grooming andrestoration at the wavelength level-as well as wavelength based services
It uses Optical Fibers for data
transmission
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-FTTH why did it come intopicture
As the quality of the optical fibre was,improving efficient transmitters and
,receivers appeared it seemed possible
to build an access network that would be.based on the optical technology
Due to the lack of active units in the
,light path the architecture of the,system was simple cost effective and,offered bandwidth that was not and
,still is not possible to achieve by.other access methods
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History
n In 1950 s scientists developed glass fibers that included aseparate glass coatingn ,In 1957 Gordon Gould popularized the idea of using lasersn , . , ,In 1970 Drs Robert Maurer Donald Keck and Peter Schultz
succeeded in developing a glass fiber that exhibited/attenuation at less than 20 dB km
n , . .In the early 1970 s the U S Navy installed a fiber optictelephone
n , &In 1977 AT T installed fiber optic telephone systems inChicago and Boston respectively
n , ,At the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer Norway fiber opticstransmitted the first ever digital video signal
n ,In 1998 researchers transmitted 100 simultaneous optical
, (signals each at a data rate of 10 gigabits giga means) (billion per second for a distance of nearly 250 miles 400)km
n The important factor in these developments is the increase in,fiber transmission capacity which has grown by a factor of
200 in the last decade
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Comparison with other media
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Transmission Capacity
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-Bandwidth Scalability
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Advantages of Optical Fiber
.Enormous bandwidth
.Less susceptible to signal degradation than copper wire
.Less weight
.Data can be transmitted digitally
- -Lower power transmitters can be used instead of the high voltage.electrical transmitters used for copper wires
.No Crosstalk
-Because no electricity is passed through optical cable it is non, .flammable and immune to lightning
.High Signal Security Difficult to tap signal from optical cable
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Disadvantages
Fibre optics are that the cables are(expensive and difficult to install But cost
can be reduced when installed over long)distances
The termination of a fibre optics cable is.complex and requires special tools
.They are more fragile than coaxial cable
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Types Of Optical Networks
There are basically two broad categories ofoptical networks
( )Passive Optical Networks PON
( )Active Optical Networks AON
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GPON The need for larger bandwidths and the
unquestionable complexity of ATM forced
a revised approach an hence newstandard called GPON3 was released in.2003
Uses Generic framing procedure and notATM
Provides both voice and data orientedservices
.Transfer rates of up to 2 48 Gbps in thedownstream as well as the upstream
.direction
( )thernet PON EPON Released in September 2004 with a main
goal to achieve a full compatibility
NEXT GENERATION OF ACCESS
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NEXT GENERATION OF ACCESSNETWORKS
WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING ACCESS PASSIVE OPTICALNETWORKS
,Ultimately they can offer the largest bandwidth at thelowest cost
.The architecture of WDM PON is similar to PON The maindifference is that ONUs operate on different
wavelengths and hence higher transmission rates can beachieved Requires manual reconfiguration which significantly
increases the cost of maintenance The disadvantage of WDM PONs is the high cost of
equipment
WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TIME DIVISION
MULTIPLEXING PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORKS .Developed in an attempt to serve more customers A hybrid of both WDMA and TDMA
Less complex and expensive equipment was needed than in
WDM PONs with a similar number of connected customers
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Comparison of different FTTHarchitectures
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( )PON Passive Optical Network
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Different Topologies
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Network Topologies with PON
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( )AON Active Optical Network
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Network Topologies with AON
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AON vs PON
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Comparison - .AON vs PON
Bandwidth Security and quality of services
Business case aspects
( )Investment costs CAPEX comparison ( )Operating expenses OPEX comparison
Flexibility and scope for usage Summary
B d idth
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Bandwidth
B d idth
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Bandwidth
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ecur y an qua y oservices
S i d li f
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Security and quality ofservices
S i d li f
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Security and quality ofservices
S it d lit f
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Security and quality ofservices
B i t
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-Business case aspects( )Investment costs CAPEX
Comparison of operating
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Comparison of operating( )expenses OPEX
Fl ibilit d f
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Flexibility and scope for usage
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Summary
S
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Summary
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-GPON ENCAPSULATION
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.EPON Vs GPON
PARAMETER EPON GPONStandard .IEEE803 2ah - .ITU TG 984
Bandwidth Symmetric 1Gbps . - .Downstream 1 25 2 5Gbps- .Upstream 155Mbps 2 5Gbps
DownstreamEfficiency %72/ ( %)8B 10B encoding 20& ( %)Overhead Preamble 8
%92( )NRZ scrambling no encoding
( %)Overhead 8
evenue BW 900 Mbps 2300 MbpsTransmission Ethernet , ,ATM Ethernet TDM
EPON V GPON d
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. ..EPON Vs GPON cntd
PARAMETER EPON GPONplit ratio :1 32 : , ( : )1 64 1 128 planned
Security .None specified AES used by.various vendors
-128 bit AES is part of the
.standard
Interoperability None specified -FSAN and ITU T
etwork Management &OAM P OAM is optional and:minimally supports failure, -indication loop back and link
.monitoring to the ONTProvisioning and
.services are out of scope
.OMCI is mandatoryFull FCAPS on ONT and.services
QoS No Prioritization -Fragmentation for HighPriority Packets
F i f Hi h
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-Fragmentation for HighPriority Packets
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/GPON EPON Framing
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/DEPLOYMENT OF OPTICAL N W S
( )Fiber To The Home FTTH deploymentscontinue to enjoy accelerated growth
worldwide
-Alcatel Lucent is engaged in over 95,FTTH projects around the world over
( - ,80 of which are with GPON as of Q2)2009
USAGE ACROSSS THE WORLD
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-PON GPON ( , )The United States Verizon Calix The UK
PON (Japan Nippon Telegraph and Telephone
[ ])Corporation NTT
( )Korea Korea Telecom ( , )China Huawei ZTE
USAGE ACROSSS THE WORLD
TDM PON
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- , - , -B PON E PON and G PON are closederivatives of the original TDM PON
.concept . (The IEEE 802 3 Ethernet PON EPON or
)GEPON standard was completed in 2004 .EPON 802 3 Ethernet frames with symmetric
1 gigabit per second upstream anddownstream rates
Drift from EPON to GPON because GPONsupports triple play
TDM PON
IMPORTANCE OF PON
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Bandwidth will be much more higher thencopper line connection so we will haveaccess to internet much more faster
Low OPEX and CAPEX -No active components which translates intolow maintenance and replacement costs
Competitive pricing
PON provides a faster connection tointernet because of this large firmsprofits more because time is money
IMPORTANCE OF PON
GPON
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GPON
Gigabit PON It is an evolution of the BPON standard It is a PON technology operating at
/bitrates of above 1 Gb s
,It supports higher rates enhanced,security and choice of Layer 2 protocol
( , , )ATM GEM Ethernet
worldwide gigabit passive optical network( ) -GPON deployments have increased seven- .fold Dell Oro Group
WDM PON
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- WDM PONs can serve distances up to 80 100 kmwithout the need for optical amplification
/in addition to blistering b w
-The other advantage of WDM PON is a huge -increase in the potential number of end.users served
-The high cost of WDM PON equipment is still amajor stumbling block to widespreaddeployment
WDM PON
NORTH AMERICA
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- -Calix leader in the fast growing GPON-fiber fed mobile backhaul
(Telecom provider CenturyLink CenturyTel.) ,Inc has selected the new Calix 766GX- , -766GX R and 765G R GPON optical network
( ) -terminals ONTs for fiber fed mobile.backhaul services in 33 states
Broadcom come up with optical networkchips
-Verizon to introduce an advanced FTTParchitecture
NORTH AMERICA
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, -Nortel LG JV acquired WDM PON equipment maker.Novera Optics in August 2008
German metro specialist ADVA Optical Networkingentering the market with a product that exploitscoarse WDM in September 2008
Cable operators and other CLECs using GPON for
business services have been able to compete very- - ,effectively for small and medium size businessesas well as for backhaul to cellular sites
EUROPE
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Nokia Siemens Networks eschewing existing PON- - .technology in favor of WDM PON
-Tellabs is concentrating on WDM PON through,its involvement in its research projectdrifting away from GPON
Nortel announced in September that UNET will-deliver high speed internet for homes and -businesses in the Netherlands using its WDM
PON solution
- , WDM PON is still not standardized and that
EUROPE
KOREA
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- ,Proxim Wireless Corporation quadruple playannounced its new 4G Backhaul product-- - - -lines the Tsunami QB 8100 point to( ) - -point PtP and the Tsunami MP 8100 point
- ( ).to multipoint PtMP
Exceeds the ITU requirements for 4Gthroughput speeds
High performance and very low latency over,long distances eliminating expensive
recurring leased line charges
KOREA
JAPAN
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- - -More than 10 million fiber to the home( )FTTH subscribers
- - -Alcatel Lucent Suo Cable deploying GPONthe first commericial GPON deploymentin Japan
.Result in speeds around 2 5 GBPS
JAPAN
INDIA
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INDIA
Bharti Airtel and BSNL are looking toswitch over to GPON by the end of
2010
:Challenges
Cost associated with gainingpermission to build new ducts andlay the fiber
-Gaining access to buildings one that
-could lead to high speed broadband
CHINA
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- ZTE unveiled a WDM PON prototypecommercialization before the end of
2009
CNC China ( -selected the Gigabit PON ITU T. . )G 984 x GPON Optimate platform from
,FlexLight Networks Inc
- ( )Optimate economical Gigabit PON GPON-solution economical triple play
Access over a single fiber access
CHINA
Future development of PON
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Future development of PON
I ,n Japan the PON market is well establishedand%growing at a rate of 300 year to year
%By comparison DSL is growing 150 year to year in. .the U S
,Top companies like Verizon SBC and Bell South haveall announced some type of PON deployment
The PON market in North America is just startingto emerge
Industry analysts expect an equally large takerate by North American consumes
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