23 larynx 1
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By
Dr. Musaed Al Fayez
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Specialized organ at theinlet of air passage.
Function:
1- Protective sphincterat the air passage.
2- Phonation. 3- Regulates passage of
air in inspiration andexpiration.
4- Opens & closesduring swallowing,coughing & sneezing.
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Unpaired cartilages
Epiglottis
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid
Paired cartilages
Arytenoid
Corniculate
Cuneiform
All cartilages arehyaline except the
epiglottis (elastic)
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The framework of the larynx is made up of cartilages.
These cartilages are connected by joints, membranes& ligaments.
Moved by muscles.
Lined by mucous membranes.
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The Laryngealcartilage are Nine
3 single & 3 Paired Single:
Thyroid
Cricoid Epiglottis.
Paired:
Arytenoids
Corniculate
Cuneiform.
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Thyroid Cartilage
It is the largest of the
laryngeal cartilage. Formed of 2 laminae,
each has superior &
inferior horn. The angle between 2
laminae is 90 in male
& 120 in female. It has 2 notches superior
& inferior at the meetingof its 2 laminae.
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Connection of thethyroid cartilage:
Superior: To hyoidbone bythyrohyoid
membrane. Inferior: To cricoid
cartilage by the
cricothyroid joint& cricothyroidmembrane
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Epiglottis:
Leaf-shaped elasticcartilage.
Lies behind the root of thetongue.
Connected by its stalk to theback of the thyroidcartilage.
Its sides are connected tothe arytenoid cartilage byaryepiglottic fold.
Its upper end is free. But its
mucous membrane isconnected to the back oftongue by 3 glossoepiglotticfolds one median & 2lateral.
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Cricoid cartilage: Hyaline.
Ring shaped, having a narrow anterior arch and wide posteriorlamina.
Connected superiorly to thyroid cartilage by cricothyroid joint andcricothyroid membrane.
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Arytenoid cartilage: Paired hyaline cartilage.
Shaped like a 3- sided pyramid.
Its base sits on the superiorsurface of the cricoid lamina.
Apex: directed superiorly,supports the corniculate
cartilage. Muscular process directed
laterally, gives attachment to 3muscles:
Posterior & lateral
cricoarytenoid. And Thyroarytenoid.
Vocal process: directed forwardand gives attachment to the
vocal ligament.
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2 Major groups
Extrinsic Muscles: ( move the whole larynx)
Elevators: Digastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid,geniohyoid, stylopharyngeus,
salpingopharyngeus & palatopharyngeus. Depressors: Sternothyroid, sternohyoid &
omohyoid.
Intrinsic Muscles ( movement within larynx) Control of laryngeal inlet
Control of rima glottidis
Control of length & tension of vocal cords All intrinsic muscles lie inside the larynx cricothyroid
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Origin: Anterior part of arch of cricoid
Insertion: Inferior border & inf. Horn of thyroid Causes flexion at cricothyroid joint
Lengthens & tightens the vocal ligament
Nerve supply: External laryngeal nerve of superior
laryngeal of vagus.
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Posterior cricoarytenoid is the onlyabductor of the vocal cords.
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Posteriorcricoarytenoids
Lateral cricoarytenoid
Interarytenoidmuscles:
Transverse &
Oblique
Thyroarytenoidmuscle
Aryepiglottic muscles
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MOTORAll muscles of the larynx are supplied the
recurrent laryngeal nerve EXCEPT
Cricothyroid
supplied by external laryngealbranch of superior laryngeal nerve.
SENSORY & SECRETOMOTOR
Above Vocal Cords: Internal laryngeal Below Vocal Cords: Recurrent laryngeal
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The interior of the larynx
It is divided into 3 parts:
1- vestibule: betweenlaryngeal inlet & vestibularfold.
2- Ventricle: a depressionextending laterallybetween vestibular & vocalfolds.
3- Infraglottic cavity: liesbetween the vocal fold &
lower border of cricoidcartilage.
It is continuous with thetrachea inferiorly.
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Superior laryngeal artery branch ofsuperior thyroid artery
Inferior laryngeal artery
branch ofinferior thyroid artery
Veinsaccompany the arteries
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