2.2.4 dd tools

Directional Drilling ToolsDRILLING TOOLS

Objectives

To review all the Drilling tools.Discuss briefly how each tool works.Discuss the relative merits of each tool.

Drill pipe

GradeD55, E75, X95G105, S135, S165

ClassClass 1Premium ClassClass 2

Tooljoint

RangeRange 1 (18-22ft)Range 2 (27-30ft)Range 3 (38-45ft)

Drill Collars

RoundSpiral (care with the stiffness)SquareHandling

Slip recessElevator recess

Subs and X-Overs

Cross over without OD changeCross over with OD changeSaver subs for special connections

Stabilizers - integral

Single steel forgingBlades hard faced tungsten insertsOpen wrap (270o wrap)Full wrap (360o wrap)Straight bladedBlade profile

ParallelMelon

Stabilizers - sleeve

2 piece constructionMandrelSleeve

Can back-off downhole when drilling in shock environment

2, 3 and 10 position 2-D steerable toolsRun at nearbitRun as control stabilizerRun above or below drilling motor

Steel; DC material not drillpipe!Non-magDrillpipe handlingStandard has 1 upsetSpiral is a turned drill collar

Enhanced Drillpipe

DrillpipeUpsets have mini stabiliser profile to stir cuttings beds

HandlingSame as regular drillpipe

Roller Reamer

Roller reamerUnsealed bearingsSealed bearingsDifferent cutting structuresRoller pins are retained in body by blocks/ pinsLimited run hours

http://www.redbackdrillingtools.com

Jars and accelerators

JarNeed to know or predict the actual sticking place and mechanism to get effective jarringNever run at the neutral pointNever run a flexible component near to this

MechanicalHydraulicHydro-mechanical

Jars and accelerators

AcceleratorRemoves the spring dampening of the drillstringAllows the drill collars to give a faster impactSaves drillstring from damage

Bumper Sub

Bumper SubOld technology to drill in rough seas without a compensatorCan be used to give a very even WOB as a DD tool

Thruster

ThrusterExpensive bumper subLimited stroke lengthBut has a stroke position indicator which the simple bumper sub does not have

Vibration Isolation Sub New

Spiral threaded tool with rubber between the threads.

ApplicationsDamping drill strings to improve bit performanceElectrical isolation of BHA componentsProtecting MWD tools from high-frequency vibrations (particularly for those tools having collar-mounted electronics)Isolating acoustic tools to prevent echoes from corrupting measurementsControlling drill string critical frequencies

Agitators

Like a ½ lobe motor but without a drive shaftSets up lateral vibrations to help overcome friction lockPlacing such tools depends on good sideloading analysis of BHA

TORKBUSTER

United Diamond LtdAimed to eliminate stick slipApplies a high frequency torsional impact to the bitApplies multiple hits (1600 hits per minute)Keyed bit sub

Torque Transmission Tool

National Oilwell Downhole Tools – Canada

Hole openers

Difficult to useSee BHA recommendationsRun with bullnose and stabs to make sure unplanned sidetrack is prevented

Hole openers

Special rough condition toolField replaceable parts

Ream While Drilling

Can be run anywhere above a drilling assemblyRun above RSS needing full gauge contact with wellbore to work

Under-reamer

Opens hole below smaller casings or where there are ID restrictionsHydraulic activatedCan confirm open by pulling up againstthe casing shoe

DBS NBR

DBS URS

DOG Sub

DRILLING ON GAUGE SUB

Straight motorPerformance drillingRun with bent sub for high bit deflectionShould not rotate with bent sub

Steerable motor3 point contact theorySmall bit deflectionRotation possible dependant on angle set

Misc Subs

UBHOHas an internal sleeve retained by grub screwsSleeve has a keyway to allow survey instruments to seat and be aligned to toolface

Bent SubHas the pin machined with an angular offset ½ - 2 ½ degreesUBHO run above needs to be aligned to the resultant toolface

ADOSAllows ADN logging on lowside of hole for GST

Misc subs continued

Circ SubDrop a dart or a ball open a circ port to the annulus.

PBL SubMultiple activating circ sub. Opened by Vinyl Ball, closed by steel ball. Instructions on PBF file.

TIW ValveTexas Iron Works Valve, manual surface shut off valve.

Misc subs contd

Dart subInternal BOP activated by dropping a dart.They prevent upward flow from the well, while allowing downward mud flow or pumping from injectors.Features include high flow capacity, long life and pressure ratings to 10,000 psi.

Turbines

Stacks of vaned stators and rotorsVery high speed ~ 900rpmNew technology is to gear the speed down and increase the torqueVery high Stand pipe pressureneeded with flow rates needed forhole cleaning

Turbines

New technology is to gear the speed down and increase the torque2 modes:

High torque same pressure requirementsNormal torque less pressure.

Turbine Side - 850 RPMBit Side - 225 RPM

RSS - BHI

4.0m (13.2ft)

Inclination

0.9m (3.0ft)

Resistivity

11.2m (36.8ft)

5.6m (18.4ft)

5.4m (17.7 ft)

Vibration

Gamma ray

5.0m (16.4ft)

6.6m (21.7ft)

AutoTrakPush the bit systemRequires wellbore contact

RSS - Halliburton

GeoPilotPoint the bit systemRequires wellbore contactNon-rotating external component

•At-Bit Inclination 3 ft w/ azimuthal gamma ray

•Outer housing rotates slowly

•Anti-rotation wheels limit rotation

•Maximum DLS reduced with redesign

Flex joint

A ‘gilligan’ approach to steerable systemsRun with RSSRun with PDM

Looks like a short HWDPWorks by separating the angular deflections of the BHA from the steerable part of the drilling assembly

End of module

2.2.4 dd tools

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