22 principles of motion economy
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PRINCIPLES OF MOTION
ECONOMY
IENG 301
FUNDAMENTALS OF
WORK STUDY AND
ERGONOMICS
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Principles
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As Related To The Use Of
The Human Body
1. The two hands should begin as well ascomplete their motions at the same time.
2. The two hands should not be idle at thesame time except during rest periods.
3. Motions of the arms should be made in
opposite and symmetrical directions, and
should be made simultaneously.
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Fig 109 Fig 110
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Fig 111-113
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Bolt & Washer Example
Average time per assembly, old method 0.084 min Average time per assembly, new method 0.055 min
Time saved 0.029 min
Increased in output = 53%
Increase in Output in Percent
Pieces produced Pieces producesper min, new method per min, old method
Pieces produced per min,
old method
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As Related To The Use Of
The Human Body
4. Hand and body motions should beconfined to the lowest classification
with which it is possible to perform the
work satisfactorily.
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Table 9 Fig 122
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As Related To The Use Of
The Human Body
5. Momentum should be employed to assistthe worker whenever possible, and it
should be reduced to a minimum if it must
be overcome by muscular effort.
6. Smooth continuous curved motions of the
hands are preferable to straight-linemotions involving sudden and sharp
changes in direction.
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As Related To The Use Of
The Human Body
7. Ballistic movements are faster, easier, andmore accurate than restricted (fixation) orcontrolled movements.
8. Work should be arranged to permit easyand natural rhythm wherever possible.
9. Eye fixations should be as few and asclose together as possible.
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As Related To The Work
Place
10.There should be a definite and fixedplace for all tools and materials.
11.Tools, materials, and controls should
be located close to the point of use.
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Fig 130
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Fig 131
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Fig 133 Fig 134
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As Related To The Work
Place
12.Gravity feed bins and containers
should be used to deliver materialclose to the point of use.
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As Related To The Work
Place
13. Drop deliveries should be used wheneverpossible.
14. Materials and tools should be located to
permit the best sequence of motions.
15. Provision should be made for adequate
conditions for seeing. Good illumination isthe first requirement for satisfactory visualperception.
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Fig 139
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As Related To The Work
Place
16.The height of the work place and thechair should preferably be arranged
so that alternate sitting and standing
at work are easily possible.
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Fig 143 Fig 144
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As Related To The Work
Place
17. A chair of the type and height topermit good posture should be
provided for every worker.
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Fig 146 Fig 147
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As Related To The Design Of
Tools And Equipment
18.The hands should be relieved of allwork that can be done more
advantageously by a jig, a fixture, or a
foot-operated device.
19.Two or more tools should becombined wherever possible.
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Fig 157
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As Related To The Design Of
Tools And Equipment
20.Tools and materials should be pr-positioned whenever possible.
21.Where each finger performs somespecific movement, such as intypewriting, the load should be
distributed in accordance with theinherent capacities of the fingers.
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Fig 158
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As Related To The Design Of
Tools And Equipment
22. Levers, hand wheels and othercontrols should be located in such
positions that the operator can
manipulate them with the leastchange in body position and with the
greatest speed and ease.
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