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2013
Trimester 2 COURSE OUTLINE
BILD 251 / SARC 251 HISTORY OF BUILDING TECHNOLOGY
GENERAL
BBSC – Core; BAS – Elective. Trimester Two; 15 points
ASSESSMENT
100% internal by assignment (40%) and class test (20%)
CLASS TIMES AND LOCATIONS
LECTURES: Tuesday 8.30 am – 10.20 am Room: VS LT 2
Thursday 8.30 am – 10.20 am Room: VS LT 2
COORDINATOR
Coordinator
Name Nigel Isaacs
Room: VS 2.09
Phone: 463 9745 Mobile 0274 349 363
Office Hours: By appointment 12 noon – 4pm Thursday
Email: nigel.isaacs@vuw.ac.nz
Panoramic vista of Pinedale about 1947 (about 5 km from Putaruru, on the railway line to Rotorua)
(original photographer unknown) (original 11 cm x 53 cm)
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COMMUNICATION OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Any changes or additions to this Course Outline will be discussed and agreed with the class, and conveyed through
Blackboard or via email to all students enrolled in the course. Changes to submission dates for items of
assessment cannot occur without permission from the Head of School.
If you find that you are not receiving messages from Blackboard, please discuss the problem with ITS (phone 463
5050, its-service@vuw.ac.nz or http://www.victoria.ac.nz/its/)
PRESCRIPTION
The historical, social and economic development of construction methods, materials and systems. The impact,
relevance and importance of the scientific, industrial and information technology revolutions. Trends in the
international development of building technology, with a primary focus on New Zealand.
COURSE CONTENT
The scope of BILD 251 / SARC 251 extends from the technology associated with the classical architecture of the
ancient Greek and Roman civilisations to the impacts of information technology as it affects the planning and
construction of modern buildings, today and in the future, particularly in New Zealand.
The evolution of modern building materials, methods and construction will be studied in the context of a number of
specific periods and locations within which comparatively rapid development took place. These will include the
explosion of creative energy that occurred in medieval Europe, the rapid social and technological developments of the
Italian Renaissance; the impacts on building methods and technology of Empire and colonisation; and the technical
and social upheaval of the Industrial Revolution. Particular attention will be directed to developments over the past
two hundred years and their impact on the development and use of building technology in New Zealand
COURSE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Students who pass this course will be able to:
1: locate, select and analyse a range of reference materials dealing with historical, cultural, physical,
social, economic, scientific and technological aspects of common building technologies
2: demonstrate an awareness and understanding of the evolution of common building technologies bot h
internationally and in New Zealand
3: communicate a critical assessment of the developments of a range of building technologies
Harmon S. Palmer 1901 US Patent 674,874 Hollow Concrete Block
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GRADUATE SKILLS
Graduate Skills
Tau
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t
Pra
cti
sed
Assessed
Knowledge
Information literacy
Creative and Critical Thinking
Problem solving
Critical evaluation
Work autonomously
Creativity and innovation
Communication
Effective communication (written)
Effective communication (oral)
Effective communication (graphic)
Work effectively in a team setting
Leadership
Ethical behaviour in social / professional / work environments
Responsible, effective citizenship
Commitment to responsibilities under the Treaty of Waitangi
Knowledge
By the end of the course, students who have passed this course, will have developed an understanding and critical
awareness of:
social and economic factors which affected architecture & building technology
links between functional and aesthetic requirements
changes in societal definitions of comfort and performance in relation to changes in building technology
the evolution of construction methods and materials
the scientific and industrial revolutions
trends in the development of the technology of building and societal changes particularly as they relate to New Zealand.
Creative & Critical Thinking
By the end of the course, students who have passed this course will have learned to apply:
analytical and evaluative skills as aids to architectural historical research and appraisal
research and reporting skills to explain the scope and context (historical, cultural, physical, social, economic, scientific and technological) as it has affected architecture and building through the ages
Communication
By the end of the course, students who have passed this course will have learned how to:
describe some of the factors which have affected developments in building technology
prepare and present critical assessments of some of these developments through the use of a wide range of resource materials
demonstrate your knowledge of the ways in which technology has affected architecture and building throughout history
use a wide range of reference materials (including the VUW library)
TEACHING FORMAT
Classes will be a combination of lectures, tutorials, a site visit and student presentations. The regular twice weekly
lectures will be based around a presentation, with class participation encouraged.
Lecture materials, supplementary readings and other relevant information will be regularly made available on
Blackboard.
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Tutorial classes will explore the use of the VUW Architecture Library and the writing of academic assignments
(Student Learning Support Services). Two site visits will be used to examine the use of building technologies in older
buildings.
The reading list, available on Blackboard, refers to books which are all available in the VUW Library on Level 1, at 139
Vivian Street.
Any material presented in any lecture or tutorial may be included in the final class test.
There is no group work or assessment – all work must be your own work. You may work together on assignments,
although you will each have your own topic. However, the written and drawn material you submit must be your
own work. Work that appears to be copied will be investigated and disciplinary action will be taken as appropriate. All
essay components of the assignments will be checked using Turnitin BEFORE hand-in.
Topics to be covered:
From Caves to Arches (NI) – from earliest shelter through to the development of the arch
Darks Ages to Renaissance (NI) – plans, religious architecture; development of the arch; stone to timber construction; human proportions; controlled use of fire and impact on construction;
Enlightenment (NI) – alchemy, the scientific method, steam engine, time ,distance, electricity, automata
Industrial Revolution (NI) – development of iron & steel
NZ 19th Century (NI) – use of traditional methods and materials (raupo, slab, earth and stone); timber frame; development of standards; early building controls
Natural & Artificial Light (NI) – translucent and transparent window coverings; liquid, gas and electric lighting
Ventilation & Sanitation (NI) – provision of water (hot & cold), natural and mechanical ventilation, space heating, smog
Timber (NI) – forestry, timber and manufactured timber products, nails
Cement & Concrete (NI) – development of cement from Roman times, reinforced concrete, ferrocement, home handymen
Other Materials (NI) – Old materials (stone, unfired & fired earth), new materials (metals, plastics, finishes, thermal insulation)
Vertical Transport (NI) – the development of elevators and escalators and the consequences for the development of buildings
Information Technology (NI) – the development of information technology and its impact on buildings
Sustainability (NI) – changes in the pressures on the natural environment; modern international agreements - Montreal Protocol (ozone depleting substances) & UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (greenhouse gases); sustainable architecture and self-reliance
Weathertightness (DK) – How water has been kept out (and sometime let it in) from earliest buildings
Guest lecture –
Lecturers: Nigel Isaacs (NI), David Kernohan (DK), Jason Murphy (Architecture Subject Librarian), Xiaodan Gao
(Student Learning Support Services (SLSS)) plus Guest Lecturer, Maurice Clark, McKee Fehl Ltd
MANDATORY COURSE REQUIREMENTS
In order to pass the course, you must achieve an overall grade of C or better and must also satisfy the following:
Achieve a grade of ‘D” or higher in all assignments
Achieve a minimum of 40% in the class test
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WORKLOAD
Attendance and participation is an important aspect of the learning process, and you are expected to attend all the
lectures and tutorials.
If extraordinary circumstances arises that require you to be absent from some class sessions, you should discuss the
situation with the Course Coordinator as soon as possible.
You should expect to spend a total of around 150 hours on this course, including both scheduled class time and
independent study. Typically this involves around 10-12 hours per week during the twelve teaching weeks, with the
balance during the mid trimester break, study week and examination period.
Your expected time investment for the teaching trimester is as follows:-
ASSESSMENT
The two assessments are built around site visits which will take place during normal class time – you are expected to
attend each of these. There is a small entrance charge for each visit as noted below. Each assignment is worth 40%
of the total grade.
Assignment #1: Evolution of Building Technologies Hand out Tuesday 23
rd July 2013
Site visit 8.30 am, 25 July, Wellington Museum of City & Sea, Queens Wharf www.museumswellington.org.nz
Assignment due: midnight Wednesday 14th
August 2013 (presentations that week)
Assignment #2: Technological Milestones Hand out Tuesday 20
th August 2013
Site visit ($4) Colonial Cottage Museum, 68 Nairn St (www.colonialcottagemuseum.co.nz) Thursday 12 September 8.30 am to 10.30 am (about 10 min walk from SoAD)
Assignment due: midnight Wednesday 25th
September 2013 (presentations that week)
Assessment
The grading breakdown for 2013, with planned assignment hand-in dates, and links to Course Learning Objectives is:
Assessment Components Due Date % of total
grade CLO
Assignment 1: Seminar & Research Essay 14 August 2013 40% 1, 2, 3 Assignment 2: Poster & Research Essay 25 September 2013 40% 1, 2, 3 30 minute class test 17 October 2013 20% 1, 2
TOTAL 100%
A separate handout will be provided for each assignment, and topic selection for each student will be discussed in
class. Individual students will be allocated a date for their seminar presentation after discussion with the Course
Coordinator at least one week prior. Note that the written research essay is due to be handed-in on the last class day
in the week of the presentation, as shown on the timetable. Any part of the assignment may be handed in prior to the
due date.
The class test will be multi-choice, based on the material taught (including site visits) during the trimester.
The Course is internally assessed by assignment work in the form of 2 projects and 1 class test. Assignments are
assessed and graded A+, A, A-, B+, B, B-, C+, C, D, E, (where C is a PASS). Grades only are issued to students. The
Weekly 2 x 2 hour lectures each week 48 Weekly 3 hours reading each week 36 Assignments 2 assignments x 30 hours 60 Class Test 6 hours revision and study for test 6
TOTAL 150
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final grade for the course is based on the aggregation of the percentage marks for each of the assignments, and a
final grade of C or better is required to pass the course.
NOTE: In order to ensure equity, hand-in dates cannot be modified. A hand-in date cannot be changed
without permission from the Head of School.
Assessment Criteria specific to individual projects will be listed in each Project Outline. Each assignment consists of
both a written essay and a presentation.
The assignment research essay is expected to be in the range from 1,500 to 3,000 words, plus any illustrative material
and references. The PowerPoint or poster should be of a suitable length to fit within the time allocation.
The general assessment criteria used are:
Assignments 1 & 2 Research Essay (70% of the assignment grade)
Topic: follows the project requirements
Argument: clearly and logically expressed
Literature search: references show wide and relevant coverage of possible sources
Coverage: the topic is clearly explained and documented including historical background, explanation of key points, issues and arguments discussed.
Conclusion: topic demonstrated and consequences summarised
Presentation: Good use of headings, spelling, layout - including use of white space, images, easy to follow
Referenced: to an academic standard. Please use MLA referencing system
Assignment 1 Seminar Presentation (30% of the assignment grade)
A 4-5 minute PowerPoint presentation given in front of your colleagues
Slides: well laid out, good use of colour, fonts, images
Presentation: speak clearly, confidently, display knowledge of topic
Coverage: topic is clearly explained with historical background, explanation of key points, consequences of the event documented
Timing: presentation and questions within set time
References: images and quotes referenced
Assignment 2 Poster Presentation (30% of the assignment grade)
A 2-3 minute presentation to an A0 poster (portrait orientation), given in front of your colleagues
Readability: Able to be read at a suitable distance, well laid out, use of white space & images
Presentation - Speak clearly, confidently, display knowledge of topic, images referenced
Coverage: EVENT is clearly explained with historical background, explanation of key points, consequences of the event documented
Timing: Able to present on the topic within the set time
References: images and quotes referenced
ALL material, including that sourced from the internet, is expected to be referenced.
No assignment with solely internet addresses (e.g. www.rubbish.co.nz) as references will achieve a passing grade.
Considerable reference material has now become available on the internet. Students are cautioned against basing
key conclusions on internet material of unclear origin or uncertain quality.
You are encouraged to use reliable internet sources, but are also reminded that not everything, particularly old books,
newspapers and journals, can be obtained electronically. Of particular internet interest may be the National Library of
New Zealand’s (www.natlib.govt.nz) digital resources – notably Papers Past (newspapers) and Matapihi (images).
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All grades posted during this course are only provisional results until confirmed by the School Examiners Committee which meets after the examination period.
SUBMISSION AND RETURN OF WORK
All work submitted for assessment must be accompanied by an ASSESSMENT DECLARATION FORM, a copy
of which is provided at the end of this Course Outline.
You are responsible for ensuring your work is submitted on time and in the required format.
Each assignment provided for assessment in this course must be checked for academic integrity by the electronic
search engine http://www.turnitin.com. Turnitin is an online plagiarism prevention tool which compares submitted work
with a very large database of existing material. At the discretion of the Head of School, handwritten work may be
copy-typed by the School and subject to checking by Turnitin. Turnitin will retain a copy of submitted material on
behalf of the University for detection of future plagiarism and for school records, but access to the full text of
submissions is not made available to any other party.
Assignment essays will be submitted in electronic form to Turnitin through Blackboard. This must be completed by the
due date and time.
Paper copies of the essay (Assignments 1 & 2) are due at the start of class (8.30 am) the day after the electronic
hand-in.
A hard copy of the poster (Assignment 2) and an electronic copy of the presentation (Assignment 1) are required to be
provided to the Course Co-ordinator on the date of your presentation.
Work submitted late must be submitted to the Course Coordinator.
Late submissions will be penalised as set out below, unless an extension is approved by the Course Coordinator.
EXTENSIONS
In the event of illness or other extraordinary circumstances that prevent you from submitting a piece of work on time,
or that you feel adversely affect the quality of the work you submit, it is important that you discuss your circumstances
with the Course Coordinator as soon as possible so that appropriate arrangements may be made. If possible, you
should complete an Application for Extension form (available from the Faculty Office) for the Course Coordinator to
approve before the hand-in date. You will also need to provide suitable evidence of your illness or other
circumstances. In an emergency, or if you are unable to contact the Course Coordinator, you should advise the
Faculty Office of your situation.
PENALTIES
For work that arrives late without an approved extension, the following penalty will be: 5% immediately, then 5% for
every subsequent 24 hours including weekends.
REQUIRED MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT
Students will need to provide all materials and equipment as necessary for the completion of required work. Please
check the website link below for general requirements:
www.victoria.ac.nz/fad/faculty-administration/current-students/faqs#materialsandequipment There is no recommended or required text. No electronic calculator will be required for the class test.
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If there are charges for each of the site visits, these will be payable directly to the organisations concerned.
SET TEXTS
None
RECOMMENDED READING
Blackboard will be used to provide electronic copies of documentation and additional readings.
Design and Ground Plan for No. 1 Cottage
Source: W Leys Thomson 1993 (editor) Brett’s colonists’ guide and cyclopaedia of useful knowledge
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SCHEDULE OF SESSIONS – BILD/SARC 251
Week
Month Day Date Item Location Time
Comments
Trimester 2 Begins
Week 29 July
M 15
TU 16 Introduction (NI) LT2 8.30-10.20 Assignment 1 Handout
W 17
TH 18 From Caves to Arches (NI) LT2 8.30-10.20
F 19
Week 30 July
M 22
TU 23 Tutorial –Research & Writing LT2 8.30-10.20 SLSS & Library
W 24
TH 25 VISIT – Wellington Museum Site 8.30-10.20 Queens Wharf
F 26 This is the last date that you can withdraw with a full refund
Week 31 July/ August
M 29
TU 30 Darks Ages to Renaissance (NI) LT2 8.30-10.20
W 31
TH 1 Enlightenment (NI) LT2 8.30-10.20
F 2
Week 32 August
M 5
TU 6 Industrial Revolution (NI) LT2 8.30-10.20
W 7
TH 8 NZ 19th Century (NI) LT2 8.30-10.20
F 9
Week 33 August
M 12
TU 13 Presentations (PowerPoint) LT2 8.30-10.20
W 14 Assignment 1 (midnight) 40%
TH 15 Presentations (PowerPoint) LT2 8.30-10.20
F 16
Week 34 August
M 19
TU 20 Natural & Artificial Light (NI) LT2 8.30-10.20 Assignment 2 Handout
W 21
TH 22 Ventilation & Sanitation (NI) LT2 8.30-10.20
F 23
Week 35 August
M 26 Mid-trimester break
TU 27
W 28
TH 29
F 30
Week 36 September
M 2
TU 3
W 4
TH 5
F 6 Mid-trimester break ends
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Week
Month Day Date Item Location Time
Comments
Trimester 2 Begins
Week 37 September
M 9
TU 10 Timber (NI) LT2 8.30-10.20
W 11
TH 12 VISIT –Colonial Cottage Museum Site 8.30-10.20 68 Nairn St
F 13
Week 38 September
M 16
TU 17 Cement & Concrete (NI) LT2 8.30-10.20
W 18
TH 19 Other Materials (NI) LT2 8.30-10.20
F 20
Week 39 September
M 23
TU 24 Presentation preparation LT2 8.30-10.20
W 25 Assignment 2 (midnight) 40%
TH 26 Presentations (A0 portrait poster) Atrium 8.30-10.20
F 27 After this date the Associate Dean’s approval is required for
withdrawals from Trimester Two courses.
Week 40 September/
October
M 30
TU 1 Guest Lecture – Maurice Clark LT2 8.30-10.20
W 2
TH 3 Sustainability (NI) LT2 8.30-10.20
F 4
Week 41 October
M 7 8.30-10.20
TU 8 Vertical Transport (NI) LT2
W 9
TH 10 Information Technology (NI) LT2 8.30-10.20
F 11
Week 42 October
M 14
TU 15 Weathertightness (DK) LT2 8.30-10.20
W 16
TH 17 Class Test LT2 8.30-10.20 Test 20%
F 18
Week 43 October
M 21 Study/Examination Period
TU 22
W 23
TH 24
F 25 Examination Period
Week 44 October/
November
M 28 Labour Day – Public Holiday
TU 29
W 30
TH 31
F 1
Week 45 November
M 4
TU 5
W 6
TH 7
F 8
Week 46 November
M 11
TU 12
W 13
TH 14
F 15
S 16 Examination Period ends
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CLASS REPRESENTATIVES The Faculty of Architecture and Design operates a system of Class Representatives in 100-level courses, and Year
Representatives in each of the professional disciplines. Student Representatives are elected during a class session in
the first week of teaching. All Student Representatives will be listed on the STUDiO notice board in the Atrium, and the
relevant Representatives are also listed on studio notice boards. Student Representatives have a role in liaising
between staff and students to represent the interests of students to the academic staff, and also in providing students
with a communication channel to STUDiO and the Student Representation organiser.
STUDENT FEEDBACK The Course Coordinator will discuss feedback at an appropriate time during the course. Student feedback on University courses may be found at www.cad.vuw.ac.nz/feedback/feedback_display.php.
OTHER IMPORTANT INFORMATION
The information above is specific to this course. There is other important information that students must familiarise themselves with, including:
Aegrotats: www.victoria.ac.nz/home/about/avcacademic/publications2#aegrotats
Academic Progress: www.victoria.ac.nz/home/study/academic-progress (including restrictions and non-engagement)
Plagiarism: www.victoria.ac.nz/home/study/plagiarism
Copyright: http://library.victoria.ac.nz/library/about/policies/copyright.html
Dates and deadlines: www.victoria.ac.nz/home/study/dates
Faculty Current Students Site: http://www.victoria.ac.nz/fad/faculty-administration/current-students
Grades: www.victoria.ac.nz/home/study/exams-and-assessments/grades
Resolving academic issues: www.victoria.ac.nz/home/about/avcacademic/publications2#grievances
Special passes: www.victoria.ac.nz/home/about/avcacademic/publications2#specialpass
Statutes and policies including the Student Conduct Statute: www.victoria.ac.nz/home/about/policy
Student support: www.victoria.ac.nz/home/viclife/studentservice
Students with disabilities: www.victoria.ac.nz/st_services/disability
Student Charter: www.victoria.ac.nz/home/viclife/student-charter
Student Contract: www.victoria.ac.nz/home/admisenrol/enrol/studentcontract
Turnitin: www.cad.vuw.ac.nz/wiki/index.php/Turnitin
University structure: www.victoria.ac.nz/home/about
VUWSA: www.vuwsa.org.nz
Class Rep name and contact details:
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Work Submitted for Assessment
Declaration Form Student’s full name : Course : Assignment/project : (number and title)
Date submitted : _____________________________________________________________________ Refer to the information on Academic Integrity, Plagiarism and Copyright on the back of this form. I confirm that:
I have read and understood the University’s information on academic integrity and plagiarism
contained at www.victoria.ac.nz/home/study/plagiarism and outlined below:
I have read and understood the general principles of copyright law as set out below:
This project/assignment is entirely the result of my own work except where clearly acknowledged otherwise:
Any use of material created by someone else is permitted by the copyright owner. Signed: Date:
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Academic Integrity, Plagiarism and Copyright ACADEMIC INTEGRITY
Academic integrity is important because it is the core value on which the University’s learning, teaching and research activities are based. University staff and students are expected to treat academic, intellectual or creative work that has been done by other people with respect at all times. Victoria University’s reputation for academic integrity adds value to your qualification. Academic integrity is simply about being honest when you submit your academic work for assessment
You must acknowledge any ideas and assistance you have had from other people.
You must fully reference the source of those ideas and assistance.
You must make clear which parts of the work you are submitting are based on other people’s work.
You must not lie about whose ideas you are submitting.
When using work created by others either as a basis for your own work, or as an element within your own
work, you must comply with copyright law (Summarised from information on the University’s Integrity and Plagiarism website:
www.victoria.ac.nz/home/study/plagiarism
PLAGIARISM
The University defines plagiarism as presenting someone else’s work as if it were your own, whether you mean to or not. ‘Someone else’s work’ means anything that is not your own idea. Even if it is presented in your own style, you must acknowledge your sources fully and appropriately. This includes:
Material from books, journals or any other printed source
The work of other students or staff
Information from the internet
Software programs and other electronic material
Designs and ideas
The organisation or structuring of any such material
Find out more about plagiarism, how to avoid it and penalties, on the University’s website:
www.victoria.ac.nz/home/study/plagiarism
COPYRIGHT
Copyright law regulates the use of the work of an author, artist, designer or other creator.
Copyright applies to created work including designs, music, computer programs, artistic and literary work.
The work can be in printed, digital, audio, video or other formats.
Normally the author or creator of a work owns the copyright for their lifetime and for 50 years after their
death, (although sometimes someone other than the creator of a work owns the copyright to the work, such
as the creator’s employer, or a person who commissions the creator’s work).
You must have permission from the copyright owner to copy, alter, display, distribute or otherwise use
created work.
If the creator has applied a Creative Commons licence to a work, this permits others to use the work but only
in accordance with that licence.
Further copyright information is available on the Victoria University website:
http://library.victoria.ac.nz/library/about/policies/copyright.html
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