2011’s executive summary a global wake-up-call: our cities must become disaster resilient

2011’s EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

A GLOBAL WAKE-UP-CALL: OUR CITIES MUST BECOME

DISASTER RESILIENT

Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of

North Carolina, USA

2011 showed that a city’s ability to avoid catastrophic

mortality, morbidity, and economic losses depends upon its resilience (i.e., the

capability to take a hit from a natural hazard and bounce

back after it happens).

2011’s MAIN LESSON

DISASTERS and CATASTROPHES OCCUR WHEN ALL FOUR PILLARS

OF DISASTER RESILIENCE ARE NOT IN PLACE.

YOUR YOUR COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY

DATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION

HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

•HAZARD MAPS•INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION

RISK ASSESSMENTRISK ASSESSMENT

RISK

ACCEPTABLE RISK

UNACCEPTABLE RISK

ANTICIPATORY ANTICIPATORY DECISIONS DECISIONS

BEST POLICIES AND PRACTICES FOR:•PREPAREDNESS•PROTECTION•RESPONSE & RECOVERY

4 PILLARS OF DISASTER 4 PILLARS OF DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE

2011’s NOTABLE NEAR-DISASTERS, DISASTERS,

AND CATASTROPHES

NOTABLE DISASTERS AND CATASTROPHES DURING NOTABLE DISASTERS AND CATASTROPHES DURING 20112011

FLOODS IN AUSTRALIA

EARTHQUAKE/TSUNAMI IN JAPANWILDFIRES IN ARIZONA AND TEXASHURRICANE IRENE AND TROPIAL STORM LEE

FLOODS ALONG THE MISSISSIPPI River

SUPER TORNADO OUTBREAK

CATALYSTS FOR CHANGE

NEW KNOWLEDGE FOR NEW KNOWLEDGE FOR COMMUNITY DISASTER COMMUNITY DISASTER RISK REDUCTIONRISK REDUCTION

VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

MONSOON RAIN-TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES KILL AT LEAST

700 IN RIO DE JANEIRO STATE, BRAZIL

ALTHOUGH RAINFALL IN MID-JANUARY IS COMMON, A MONTH’S RAINFALL IN 24

HOURS IS NOTJANUARY 13-20, 2011

5 MILLION BRAZILIANS LIVE IN HIGH-RISK AREAS

Five million Brazilians live in 500 areas deemed at high risk for landslides and 300 areas at high risk for flooding.

NOVO FRIBURGO: DEBRIS

MONSTER WINTER STORM IMPACTS USA’S MIDWEST

AND NEW ENGLAND STATES

From ice in Texas to too much snow in New England

FEBRUARY 1-2, 2011

MONSTER WINTER STORM (FLORIDA IS LOWER RIGHT): FEB 1

CYCLONE YASI STRIKES NORTHERN QUEENSLAND

STATE, AUSTRALIA

CAT 5 monster storm made landfall with winds gusting to 300 km/hr

FEBRUARY 2-3, 2011

CYCLONE YASI: A TROPICAL DISTURBANCE ON JANUARY 25

WILDFIRES RAGED OUT OF CONTROL IN WEST TEXAS AND TEXAS PANHAMDLE

DROUGHT - AND WIND- AIDED WILDFIRES SCORCHED 80,000 -100,000 ACRES

MARCH 12 - APRIL 11, 2011

WILDFIRE IN TEXAS PANHANDLE

Billowing smoke caused by a wildfire in the Texas Panhandle near Borger, Texas, Sunday, March 12, 2006.

M9.0 TOHOKU EARTHQUAKE/TSUNAMI

DEVASTATED JAPAN

4TH LARGEST QUAKE EVER 3 – 100 M TSUNAMI WAVES2:46 pm MARCH 11, 2011

DISASTER RISKS FACED BY JAPAN DISASTER RISKS FACED BY JAPAN

EARTHQUAKES

TSUNAMIS

TYPHOONS

FLOODS

VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

LANDSLIDES

DEVELOP POLICIES FOR ACTIONS HAVING HIGH BENEFIT/COST FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

GOAL: REDUCE DISASTER GOAL: REDUCE DISASTER RISK RISK

TSUNAMI WAVE PATH

PASSENGERS STRANDED: SENDAI STATION

FUKUSHIMA NUCLEAR FACILITY HAD 3 FAILURES

DEVASTATING LANDSLIDE IN THE PHILIPPINES

INDUCED BY HEAVY RAIN

22 MINERS TRAPPED, BUT ONLY 3 DEATHS

2:30 am, GOOD FRIDAY, APRIL 22, 2011

DEVASTATING LANDSLIDE IN THE PHILIPPINES

SEARCH AND RESCUE

164 TORNADOS IN 24 HOURS IMPACTED 7

SOUTHEASTERN STATES

MS HIT BY EF5 AND AL BY EF4 TORNADOES

OVERALL DEATH TOLL REACHED 350 WEDNESDAY, APRIL 27-

THURSDAY, APRIL 28, 2011

TUSCALOOSA, AL: 15TH STREET DAMAGE; APRIL 27, 2011

SAVING DOWNSTREAM CITIES AND REFINERIES WAS

THE GOAL AS MISSISSIPPI RIVER CRESTED IN MEMPHIS AND FLOOD WATERS MOVED

SOUTHWARD

MONDAY, MAY 9, 2011

THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER LOOKING LIKE AN OCEAN, NOT A RIVER: MAY 9

WORST SINGLE TORNADO SINCE 1953 STRIKES JOPLIN,

MISSOURI

REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER TAKES A DIRECT HIT

AT LEAST 116 DEATHSSUNDAY, MAY 22, 2011

WARNING SYSTEMS

• Tornado sirens blared, giving residents10 to 17 minutes of warning.

THE STORM SYSTEM AT 6:20 PM SATURDAY, MAY 21: TOPEKA, KS

EARLY SUNDAY MORNING: BAD WEATHER

MAY 23: At daybreak, rescue crews were looking at piles of 2,000 damaged buildings,

splintered houses and crushed cars, house after

house reduced to slabs, cars crushed like soda cans, ---

CONTINUED: ---Shaken residents roamed streets in

search of missing family members, fires from gas

leaks burning across town, and more violent weather

looming.

ST JOHNS REGIONAL MEDICAL CEN-TER TOOK A DIRECT HIT: JOPLIN, MO

HEAVY DAMAGE ALONG ½ MILE-WIDE - 6 MILE LONG PATH

RECORD FLOODING IN NORTH AND SOUTH KOREA:

MUDSLIDES EXACERBATED DISASTER IN S KOREA

SHARP CONTRAST IN INFORMATION TUESDAY, JULY 20 - THURSDAY,

JULY 28, 2011

CHRONOLOGY OF THE DISASTER

• The heaviest rainfall to impact N and S Korea in a century started on Tuesday, July 20th.

• The Han River, which runs through Seoul, reached its highest point just before dawn on Sunday, July 25th

NORTH KOREA: SATURDAY, JULY 24, 2011

SOUTH KOREA: 100,000 SOLDIERS MOBILIZED FOR SEARCH/RESCUE

FLOODING IN BANKOK, THAILAND AREA

Worst flooding in 50 Years

JULY - OCTOBER, 2011

OVER 370 DEAD AND LOSSES IN EXCESS OF $6

BILLION FROM PROLONGED FLOODING

BANGKOK: A FLOODED BEAUTY SALON

SANDBAGGING: CHAO PRAYA RIVER

IRENE: A $7 BILLION DISASTERNinth Storm and the First Hurricane of the 2011 Atlantic Basin Storm Season

August 21 to August 30 2011

AUG 28: FORECAST OF IRENE’S EXIT

TYPHOON ROKE STRIKES JAPAN

Three Weeks after Typhoon Talas (killed 67), and a M6.6 Earthquake

September 21, 2011

PATH OF TYPHOON TALAS

EARTHQUAKE STRIKES CHRISTCHURCH, NEW

ZEALAND

A SHALLOW (4.1 KM), M6.3 QUAKE LOCATED 5 KM FROM

CHRISTCHURCH (USGS) STRUCK AT NOON ON A WORK DAY

EPICENTRES: SEPT 2010 AND FEB 2011 EARTHQUAKES

THE SHALLOW, 20 KM (12 MILE) DEEP, SMALLER EARTHQUAKE

WAS MUCH MORE DESTRUCTIVE THAN THE DEEPER, LARGER

EARTHQUAKE

M7.2 EARTHQUAKE STRIKES VAN PROVINCE IN EASTERN TURKEY

600 DEAD

1:41 PM (6:41 AM EDT), OCTOBER 24, 2011

COLLAPSED BUILDINGS: TABALANI

GAMALAMA ERUPTS IN INDONESIA

eruption began at 11:00 PM

Extensive Mudflows TriggeredDECEMBER 4, 2011

1715-M-HIGH VOLCANO GAMALAMA

GOAL: COMMUNITY DISASTER RESILIENCE GOAL: COMMUNITY DISASTER RESILIENCE

FLOODS

SEVERE WIND STORMS

EARTHQUAKES

DROUGHTS

LANDSLIDES

WILDFIRES

VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

TSUNAMIS

GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE

TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARDS

INCREASE TECHNICAL AND POLITICL CAPACITY OF COMMUNITY TO COPE

INCREASE OWNERSHIP AND USE OF KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE

USE DISASTERS INFO TO USE DISASTERS INFO TO IMPROVE COMMUNITY IMPROVE COMMUNITY RESILIENCE RESILIENCE

TURNING 2011’S DISASTERS INTO DISASTER RESILIENCE

USE EDUCATIONAL SURGES TO CREATE TURNING POINTS

BUILDING CAPACITY FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

• Identify the gaps in community capacity in the four critical elements of the solution.

• Concentrate resources on filling the gaps in the four critical elements of the solution and start creating turning points for changing FROM NON-RESILIENT TO RESILIENT.

4 CRITICAL ELEMENTS FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

• PREPAREDNESS (READY FOR ANY COMPLEX EVENT)

• PROTECTION (BUILD ESSENTIAL AND CRITICAL FACILITIES TO WITHSTAND)

4 CRITICAL ELEMENTS FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

• RESPONSE (SAVING LIVES, AND ENSURING CONTINUITY)

• RECOVERY (BOUNCING BACK QUICKLY AND RESUMING LIFE AVAIN)