201003 - californiawildfires

AIRCRAFT CAPACITY

Sources: CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND FIRE PROTECTION, GLOBAL SUPERTANKER, BRIDGER AEROSPACE, REUTERS, THE SAN DIEGO UNION-TRIBUNE, THE INDEPENDENT PHOTOS: AFP, DEVIN YALKIN STRAITS TIMES GRAPHICS: LIM KAILI, LEE HUP KHENG

BY THE NUMBERS

Fire away! California is battling one of the largest �res in its history. In total, about 1.3 million ha have been burned. The California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (Cal Fire) owns more than 50 planes and helicopters, making this the largest department- owned �eet of aerial �re�ghting equipment in the world. The Straits Times takes a look at how California deploys dozens of aircraft to battle the wild�res.

A comparison of how much �re retardant and water the aircraft can each hold.

Dimensions• Wingspan: 54.2m• Length: 70.7m• Tail height: 19m

Crew• Two pilots,and one drop system operator

Fire retardantreleased to slowthe spread of �re

Drop system and capacity• Pressurised constant �ow system• Re�ll time: 30min• What is dropped: retardant, foam, gel or water• Tanks: 8 high pressure, 2 low pressure

Operations• Drop height: 60m-90m• Drop length: 1.1km-4.8km• Drop speed:278kmh

UP

TO 4

.8KM

Up to 90m

Weight• Take-off weight: 297,100kg (full retardant and 2½ hours’ fuel)• Maximum take-off weight: 394,625kg

Artist’simpression

Supertanker

Large tankerTo match the Supertanker’s capability,a large tanker plane would have to �y seven missions, carrying 11,300 litres each time.

COMPARISON

Scooping water (below)

Water bombing (right)

Discharge pipes

Water is scooped into external or internal tanks through retractable or �xed probes. The typical �lling time is about 10 seconds.

Boeing 747 Supertanker• Length: 70.7m

McDonnell Douglas DC-10• 52m

Erickson Skycrane• 27m

CH-53E• 30m

S-2T airtanker• 13.3m

MH-60s• 15.2m

UH-1Y• 18m

Bell 412• 17.1m

Bell 212• 17m

CH-46 Echo• 14m

Bombardier CL-415Super Scooper• 19.8m

UH-1H Super Huey• 16.2m

British Aerospace 146• 26.2m

C-130 Hercules• 30m

McDonnell Douglas MD-87• 39.8m

A Cal Fire airplane (above, left) dropping �re retardant on Sunday along a burning hill in Napa County’s Calistoga in California.

1.3m ha

GreenPulsePodcast

A world on �re The wild�res on the west coast of the United States have dominated headlines worldwide. But what do the blazes there have to do with nations far away, such as Singapore? In this episode, ST’s environment correspondent Audrey Tan

Find out more by scanning this episode using our QR code.

https://str.sg/JWaf

Find out more by scanning this episode using our QR code.

and climate change editor David Fogarty speak with climate scientistPeter Kalmus on the climate change link. Dr Kalmus is from the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and is speaking to The Straits Times in his individual capacity.

GLOBALSUPERTANKERThe world’s largest �re�ghting aircraft, it carries 10 tanks for

water or �re retardant, which is discharged using

pressurised air.

Number of wild�res

8,136Structures damaged or destroyed

7,837Insured losses

US$5bFatalities

30

Bombardier CL-415Super Scooper

UH-1YThe bucket can be �lled manually on the ground, or by dipping it into lakes and reservoirs. The aircraft hovers over the target and drops water to wet the area.Erickson Skycrane

10,031

CH-53E7,571

S-2T airtanker 4,542

MH-60s 1,590UH-1Y 1,363

Bell 412 1,363Bell 212 1,363

CH-46 Echo 848UH-1H Super Huey 1,200

McDonnell Douglas DC-1045,425

British Aerospace 14611,400

C-130 Hercules15,100

McDonnell Douglas MD-8711,400

Fire retardant

Water

2,500,000

Olympic-sizedswimming pool

Size comparison 7,571

Boeing 747 Supertanker72,680

Bombardier CL-415Super Scooper 6,100

In litres

Cal Firedoes not own any

Supertanker aircraft but has employed

contractors to bring them in to help suppress major

fires.

FIREFIGHTING AIRCRAFTHere’s a look at some of the �re�ghting aircraft that are battling the California �res.

of burnt areas are equivalent to the size of 18 Singapore islands

UNITEDSTATES

Washington, DC AugustComplex

Fire

ZoggFire

CALIFORNIA

San Francisco

Los Angeles

Santa Rosa

San Diego

NEVADA

PacificOcean

Fireincidents

NOTE: Informationupdated as of yesterday.

Sonoma Napa