2008 winter defender
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WINT R 2 8
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BURNS BAIL BONDS
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is
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609 Houston Avenue
Tel: 713.224.0305
Houston, Texas 77007 burnsbailbonds@yahoo.com
EZINTERLOCK
An Automobile
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Your clients will work with the owners
Summary reports emailed to you upon request
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technicians work around your client's schedule
Accurate and reliable machines - Fuel cell prevents false readings
609 Houston Avenue
Tel: 713.223.4424
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ezinterlock@yahoo.com
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From the Editor
By
Shawna
L
Reagin
Winning Warriors
From the President
By Mark
Bennett
HCClA Hosts
t
All Hallows Eve
Poker Tournament
By Wendy
Miller
Strategy Cross
Examination:
Push
or Pull
By
Joseph
W
Varela
Tribute to Margy
Meyers
By Hon
Keith P. Ellison
Public Defenders Office: Pros
&
Cons
By
Mar
k
Hockglaube & David
Mit
cham
1984 85 HCClA Board
Motion
of the Month
By Robert
Pel ton
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HCCLA
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
2008-2009
PRESIDENT
Mark Bennett
PRESIDENT ElECT
JoA nneMusick
VICE
PRESIDENT
Nicole DeBorde
SECRETARY
1
B
Todd
Dupont
II
TREASURER
Steven
H
Holpert
PAST
PRESIDENT
Patrick f
McConn
BOARD OF
DIRECTORS
St ac
i Biggar
DavidCnning
ham
Tyler
flood
Tu
cke
r Groves
Mark
Hochgl
oube
Rondall
Kollinen
David
Kiotto
Marjorie
Meyers
Dovid
Mitchom
Roland Moore III
[orl D Musick
John
Pa
r
ras
Cormen Roe
0.Tte Wi li lOms
Sarah
V Wood
PAST
PRESIDENTS
1971 2007
C Anthony friloux
Suart
Kinord
George
luquette
Morvin O Teague
Dick
DeGuerin
WB
House
Jr.
David
R Bires
Woody
Densen
Will
Gray
[dward A
Mollett
Carolyn Garcia
Jock B Zim
m rmann
Clyde Will i
ams
Robert Pel ton
Can
delario [Iizondo
Allen C sbell
David Mitchom
Jim L ovine
RickBross
Mory [ Conn
Kent
A
SchoPPer
Don Cogdell
JimSkelton
George
J Pa
rn
hom
Garland D MCinnis
Robert
A Moen
lloyd Oliver
Dnny
Easterling
Wayne Hill
Rich
a
d Fron koPP
W Troy M
Ki
nney
Cynth o
Henley
Sto nl ey
G
Schneider
Wendell AOdam Jr.
R
bert
J fickm on
Publisher:
HCClA
Distribution 600 copies per issue.
Editorial Staff:
Shawna l Reagin
For articles and
other
editorial
Ads
&Distribution:
JoAnne Musick
Christina
Appelt
contributions, contact Shawna L
Reagin
Design &Layout:
limb
Design
www
.limbdesign com
at 713 -224-1641.
To
place an ad,
call
Cartoon Art:
Gilly Ross
Shawna L Reagin
at
713-224-1641
FAREWELL
~ ~ ~ I ¥ ~ ~
EDITOR
As I prepare
to
make the leap into my new role as judge of the 176th
District Court, I have
been
de aling with a lot
of
conflicting emotions.
Although
I am happy and excited to be
moving
on to a different field
of challenges and opportunities, I fll d myself wrapping up my practice
with a certain bittersweet sadness
and
regret. Almost
20
years
of doing
anything becomes quite a habit, and being a criminal defense lawyer was my
sole ambition for most of my life [after I quit wanting to be President of the Urrited States].
I never became the lawyer I truly wanted to be, even
though
I tried hard.
Jury
trial success
continued to elude my grasp, and I lost many appeals I believed should have been won and
perhaps could have been
won
, had I
managed
to do a little bit better
job.
As I've said many
times, Katherine
Scardino
turned out to be the lawyer I dreamed of being; I can only aspire
to someday follow in her footsteps. Although I would like to spend many years
on
the bench
I am
cognizant of the
distinct possibility
that
I will
sooner
or later be
returned
by
the
voters
to
criminal defense work.
I will miss e
diting
The efender
and being
actively involved in HCCLA more
than
any
other recent
aspect
of
my career. Learning
to put together
a
magazine,
pretty
much
by the
seat of my pants, has been
some
of the most fun I've ever
had
for free . The power
of
th e press
is essential to effecting necessary
change,
and I like to believe that we h
av
e made ourselves
more
of
a voice in the local criminal justice system
than
ever before. By virtue of a co mmitted,
intelligent
and hard-working
leadership,
HCCLA
has evolved
into
a force with which
to
be
reckoned. I have faith that
the
new
Editor,
Kathryn Kase, \vill carry The efen el
to
greater
summits
ye
t,
with
the
help of th ese great people.
I urge you all
to
continue
to
be vigilant against abuses by the prosecLltion and the judiciary
Expose
corruption wherever
you tind it. Speak
truth to
power.
Fight incompetence on
the
bench
and
within
our
own
ranks .
Own
th e political process and utilize it
to
effect
the
changes
you desire . Most
of
all, be fearle
ss
in
your
defense
of those wh
o rely upon you as
their
only
hope
for
fr
eedom and justice.
n
closing, I encourage each and everyone of you
to
administer whatever remedy you find
most
effective if you ever
observ
e me
to
have fallen victim to
the
drea
ded
Black
Robe
Disease.
[ realize that for some, this will have occurred the mo ment I fail to rule for
the
defense.]
Thanks to you all for
your
help and support over
the
years.
_ Shawna L. Reagin
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yMark
annatt
Who'd've thought that
remaining
judge in
Harris
County lnight
require more than
the
imprimatur of
the
local
Republican
Party?
Granted, the process was
unpredictable,
but so are
the
lives of
the
vast majority of
the people
who
appear
before
you
every day
. Your future
employment
is
n't
looking
quit
e so
certain, but how many people
do
you know who know
that they'll have the same
job
four years from now1 How
,many of
the
people appearing before y
ou
know that
.
they'll have the same job in twelve months, much less
four years1
We ma y
all
reasonably wish that the system were a
little
more
rationaL. If you have any political I 'd
love to see y
ou
using it to reform
the
Election Code so
that judges-those elected officials vvho should be farthest
removed from partisan politics-were chosen by some
method other thah partisan el
ctions. You've got nothing
to lose if you think you'd keep your jobs
on
your merits,
without depending on ignoranr straight-party voting.
Until that t:u-off day when
our
judges chosen for
their capacity for justice rather than
their party
aftiliation,
•
the best that
we
can hope for
is
races that are close enough
that they are decided by those who are in fact familiar with
the candidates and the offices for which they are running.
Let's be honest . Some of you don't
treat
the
,
human beings in your courts very well. Some
of
you are
discourteous;
some
are downright nasty: to the parties,
to
the witnesses,
and to
the lawyers. You're mostly polite
to
the
jurors, of
cour
se, because in
your mind the
y're
voters. But
all
of those people appearing in
your courts
(except those already serving life sentences) are potential
voters, and none of
them
are fooled.
DEFENDER
6
I read a
CLE
paper some
years back by a civil
judge
who claimed, jurors love me and they hate you ." You
might
share that high opinion of the bench; I suspect that's
what jurors
politely tell you when
you
go back
to
talk
to
.
them after a trial. But
that's not
what they are saying to
us lawyers. Jurors aren't
stupid,
and
no
matter how nicely
you trear them they
know who
the
jerk
in the room is
The lawyers know it too; so
do
your fellow judges.
Has a judge's personaLity ever affected
the
outcome of a
Harris
Coullty
judicial election1 Not yet. But if elections
get closer, it
might
.
The recent
election results prove
that make
people
afraid"
is not
always a winning strategy. The Republican
judges'
costly collective advertising campaign of fear
didn't
carry
the
day.
Nor is
tough on
crime
the magic
phrase it once was, swinging wide
the
doors to
the
bench .
As we've created more criminals , we've also created
more families of voters
who recognize
that tough
on
crim'e" means tough on our fathers, brothers, sisters and
cousins ."
The
voters don t care
about
the
si
ze of your
docket; nor should the
y- the
number
of
cases
on
the
. docket in a.court has nothing to do with.
the
fairness and
justice handed
out
in that court. More
than
that, though,
there is an opportunity
cost
to docket
control:
time
spent
t1xated on the length of your bar
on
the docket size graph
is
time
not
spent
doing
justice:
The
legislature creates crimes
and courts; the DA's Office prosecutes pe ople and can make
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plea offers and dismiss cases. Either the legislature
or
the
DA's Office could reduce your docket size; leave the docket
cO,ntrol to them.
So ,,,hat's a judge to do to win over the educated voters?
WAbK HUMBLY.
You
were
all trial lawyers
before
you
were
judges;
we trial lawyers are
not
renowned
for
our
humility.
But arrogance is unbecoming
in trial lawyers,
and
even
more S? in those whose
job
is to
judge
others .
Let
the
humble black robe remind you daily
to
walk humbly:
if
judges were
meant to
feel
superior,
they'd
be issued
bespoke suits instead of black housecoats.
In the
DA's Office, you were
probably
.
taught
to respond
to
defense lawyers' pleas for mercy with
incredulity.
This defendant doesn't
deserve mercy,
you'd
sneer
to the
jury. But mercy is
not something that
,
anyone deserves-if it were
de
served, it
would
not be
mercy. So love mercy
not
because
anyone
deserves it
but
because
nobody
deserves it but you shuw it anyway.
vVhen you show
someone
mercy, it says
nothing about
him
and
everythinl?;
about
you.
Humility and
mercy are easy. Justice is trickier.
O ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ A 1
~ A 4
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Part of
walking
humbly
is
recognizing that you ar
e
no
omniscient, and
that
your
best
effort at
justice
is
mere approximation.
Clarence
Darrow suggested
tha
we
cling to charity and understanding and
mercy fo
this
reason. But your
job
requires you on
'
occasion t
punish people.
Mistakes are inevitable . You can't kno
how those
mistakes will come back
and bite
you in
th
future.
Frankly, I
don't
envy
you the job
.
In two and
fOUf years all
of you-Democrats an
Republicans-will be opposed
in
elections.
Even thos
of
you
who
try
their
best
to do
justice,
who
lov
mercy,
and
who walk
humbly
will
draw opponents,
no
because
of
the job you've
done
but because the
vagarie
of the system
might
defeat you.
Those of
you,
who d
not do justice, love mercy, walk
humbly
,vill dra
determined
opponents,
because
your
shortcomings
mig
defeat
you:
In
a hundred years all
of
us-lawyers, judges,
an
defendants-will
all
be equally dead. Remember th
the next time you
are feeling
superior to
those wh
come before you
for judgment.
Even if you don't agree with
me
that treating peop
better m a k e you
a better
judge, consider that peop
are
fondly remembered after
their
deaths not
for the
toughness but for their kindness;
not
for the people the
punished but for
the
people they helped. Start
w ~ r k i n
on
that legacy now.
•
e
•
~ - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - ~ - - - - - - ~
~ - - - - ~ ~
i
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THE EFEN
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THE EFEN ER]
WINTER 08
y
Wendy Miller
liuuzIc
0/1
TO HCClA FOR HELPING
MAKE
DIFFERENCE
IN T
LIVES
OF
CHILDREN
DEFENDER
*
8
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The
Poker Tournaments
are a fundraiser for our
HCCLA
Community Service Public Relations/ Speakers
Bureau
committee. HCCLA
has been incredibly active
in this area (such as
continue
sponsoring events for Big
Brothers Big Sisters Amachi kids & contributing to
the
STAR Drug
Court
Christmas
Toy
Box/ graduations . With
its
own
semi-annual fund raiser,
the committee
will
continue
doing
worthwhile projects and sharing HCCLA love .
hat
AMACHITEXAS
MENTOR PROGRAM?
The "Big For a Day"
events
are a wond e rful
opportunity to make
a difference
in the
lives
of
at - risk youth.
The
Amachi Texas program
provides
one-on-one mentoring
for children with one
or
more
incarcerated
parents
.
The
mission
of
th
e
Amachi Texas
Mentor program is to
break the
ge
neration-after
generation
cycle
of
crime and
incarceration
and help
these children reach their maximum potential through
sa f
e
and
positive
mentoring relationships
.
On
an y given
day,
2.2 million
people
are incarcerated
in the
United
States, and over the course
of
a ye ar, many millions
spend time in prison or jail - for
an
annual
COSt of
more than
60 billion dollars . Childre n of
incarc
e
rated
parents are five times more likely
to
commit crimes, and
without positive adult intervention
will more than
likely follow their parents
into
prison.
Due to the
limited
number of adult volunteers i
BBBS, not
every child registered in
the
Amachi
Texa
Program in
Houston has
been assigned a Big Brothe
or Big Sister. There are, on average, 70
childre
left unassigned every
year
due to the low
number o
volunteers registered to be Big Brothers or Big Sister
The"
Big for
a Da y events help address this problem
by inviting children from th e Amachi Texas program
not
assigned
to
long term m e
ntors attend
these even
- with adult professionals (attorne y
s,
judges, la
stud e nts, etc ) serving as the volunteer mentors at th
event
.
In
addition
to hosting mentor
events
each ye
for
BBBS
Amachi
Texas Mentor Program
childre
[for
example
, in the 2007 -2008 bar
year,
HCCL
helped
sponsor
for
the
kids
a
Tea
Time
banquet
an
the awards
for
their Tee Time
putt-putt
tournament
HCCLA also participates in the
annual
Bowl for Kid
Sakes
(
BFKS
) hosted by BBBS-Houston .
BFKS is
on
of the
biggest annual fundraisers
for Big
Brothers
B
Sisters
of Greater
Houston. Money raised by bowle
supports all BBBS programs, including
Amachi
Tex
Mentor
Program . The
"Houston Law
y
er's Bowl"
2008 took place on
July
12th . GO TEAM HCCL
bowling team T he 2009
BFKS
will be at the sam
location on
a
date
in July
(TBA
) .
THE
DEFEND
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FIG.
1. COMMAND
PUSH (AFTER LEONHARD)
The antithesis of
command push
is directive
control or recon pull.
It
describes
a
system in which
commanders give to
subordinates
broad statements
of
their intent and the results desired.
Subordinate
commanders in the field work
Out
their own methods and
send force-reconnaissance
units
to probe the enemy.
EMPHASIZES FLEXIBILITY,
INITIATIVE AND
IMPROVISATION
Recon units make contact
with
the enemy surface.
When a 'weakness is spotted, other units are pulle
to
the
gap
in
order
to
exploit
it.
(Fig. 2).
Recon
pu
empbasizes flexibility,
initiative
and improvisatio
A
certain
amount
of
risk is
accepted
.
Enemy resistan
is bypassed if
possible.
7
Tbe attacker's strength
directed
against
the enemy's
weakness
8
[2]\
[2] 7
1\
[2]
[2]
[2]
7
[2]
[2] 7
S ABOUT
CONCENTRATION
OF
[2] [2]
ORCE
TO
CREATE
A GAP
[2]11
\
FIG. 2.
RECON PULL
In a nutshell, command push is about concentration
of
force to
create
a gap; recon pull is about
finding
and exploiting
gaps.
I think this idea applies directly to cross-
examination.
The lawyer who prepares his cross-examinations in
great detail is engaging in command push cross . It is
required
in
certain situations,
such as
those
in
which
cro
is used
to prove
lack of
probable
cause or affirmati
links, or to establish an element of a defense. The cros
examiner knows
in advance
what
he
needs to
elicit fro
the
witness, and hammers (or pries or coaxes) aw
until
he gets it. A script must be written and
the
witne
compelled to
follow
the
script. The cross, if represent
graphically,
would look
like
Fig
. 1.
THE DEFEN
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My limited expenence In
civil
trials
indicates
that
civil
trial
la'""yers use
command
pu.sh
almost
exclusively. You
can
watch
civil
trials and
see little
or
no recon pull. The
lawyers,
even
the good
ones, plod
ahead
in a
predetermined sequence, predictably and
methodically. This
may be partly due to the nature
of
civil
discovery; when
a
witness
has
been deposed
by question
and answer,
and a transcript
is available,
command push makes more sense, or at
least
may be
more
tempting.
It may also be a
product of
a civil
lawyer culture that
stresses methodical
preparation
and execution and
fears
improvisation.
BlIt I
think
all
trial lawyers, and especially
criminal
la'vvyers, should
make more
use of
recon pull cross.
Recon pull cross could look
like
Fig. 2.
Any
weakness the witness shows
must
be exploited. Does he
begin
to
glance
at the prosecutor
for
support1 Does he
show anger when a
particular subject
is broached1
Does
he
begin to contradict
or qualify his earlier assertions1
Abandon
the script and start probing
for gaps.
I
recently tried
a
case
in
which
a
constable
testified.
He
was
wearing
his uniform . As an afterthought, I
asked
him
if
he
was
on duty. There
was
no harm
in
either
answer. Sure
enough,
he
was not. I then
asked
him if he normally wore
his
uniform
off
duty.
No,
not
usually.
Why
today1
Because the prosecutor asked him
to. Which prosecutor1
The one sitting right there
at
the
table.
vVhy, because it
made him
look more credibld
At this point
the
objection
vvas sustained, but I
had
what
I
wanted: Evidence of the
prosecutor's
attempt
to manipulate
the
jury
.
This
is a
small example of
finding and exploiting
a
"gap"
via
recon pull cross.
Understanding
military command
and
control
theory
and
applying
both
techniques properly
will
give
beginner and veteran
alike
the means to
plan and
execute cross-examination that
survives
contact with
a
hostile force.
bandon
AND START PROBING FOR gap s
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EFEN ER :<
2
8/11/2019 2008 Winter Defender
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TO
Margy Meyers
On November 17) the Federal Bar Association for the
Southern Distt ict
of
Texas celebrated with a gala event
headlined y
Antonin
Scalia) Associate Justice of the
U.S. Supreme
Court
Also that evening) the Association
honored Federal Public
Defender
Margy Meyers
with
its
Michael Taylor Shelby AlVard. U.S. District Judge Keith P
Ellison conferred the award with an eloquent speech that
is
reproduced here.
- Editor
By
Hon
Keith
P.
Ellison
U S
Federal
istrict
Court Judge
The
Michael
T. Shelby Award
was
created
n honor
of
a
man
who
served with
distinction
as U.S. Attorney
for
the
Southern District of Texas, and was taken from us
far too
soon.
The
recipient
of
the Shelby Award
this year
is Marjore Meyers, who has spent
almost the
entirety of
her career
at the
office
of the Federal Public Defender
for the Southern District.
As
their
respective
positions suggest, Mike
and Margy
played on opposite sides of
the
net. Nonetheless, it can
be
said-and
I
do
so,
with
all
seriousness-that
Mike
and Margy agreed on
everything except their opinions
.
By
that
, I
mean Mike and Margy stood
as one
on the
primacy
of
the rule
of law. Likewise,
both expected of
themselves and those who worked with them
absolute
ethical rectitude, to
the
punctilio of
an
honor the most
sensitive.
1
Both were committed to the
proposition
that
their clients deserved zealous representation and both
ensured that they received precisely
that.
But, from these shared principles, they
did form
ve
different opinions-on
the
proper scope of search
an
seizure, the interpretation and application of sentencin
guidelines, the justness
and
efficacy of capital punishmen
And, in
an
adversary system, that is
just
as it
should
be
Margy has
told me
that
her career
path was set
high
school
when she
read
Gideon's
Trumpet,
Anthon
Lewis's
magisterial account
of
the
case that led
the Supreme Court's decision that indigent crimin
defendants
deserved court-appointed
counsel.Aft
bigh
school,
Margy earned degrees, with honors , at tw
different Ivy League
universities.
She won a fistful
different prizes at
each,
and as
a
capstone-receive
a highly coveted judicial clerkship with Judge Caroly
Dineen
King of
the Fifth Circuit
. Carolyn has warm
supported Margy's nomination for
the
Shelby Award.
After her clerkship, Margy joined the Federal Publ
Defender's office
here
in Houston .
Except
for a
bri
interlude
in
private practice, she has
remained
the
ever since.
In 2004, she
succeeded Roland
Dahlin as th
head of the office.
Margy
has
long enjoyed the reputation as one
of
th
ablest criminal defense lawyers in
the
state. In additio
to
her
work on behalf
of
clients
,
Margy
has
been
active
a
lecturer and mentor. She is
in
demand
for conference
and training sessions all over the
country.
Among h
many
appearances, I will
note only one
. At a
recent
5
Circuit Conference, Margy
was
part
of an instructive an
fascinating
panel discussion on post-Booker
sentencin
Her
fellow
panelists were Justice
Scalia
and
our
ow
Judge Sim Lake. In
all of her
teaching, Margy remind
us
to
embrace those who seek
the truth,
and
abju
those who
claim
to have found it.
Choosing
the life
work she
has chosen,
Margy
h
forfeited in
lost wages a total that is certainly in th
millions
of
dollars. Her
compensation
comes instea
in a
fulfilled heart and
a restful
conscience.
There is much more to be said abollt everythin
that
Margy
has
done in her
career.
To
me, she
h
always personified the ancient wisdom that the sma
courtesies sweeten
life
while
the larger ones ennoble
As to the small
courtesies,
she is unfailingly gracious, ev
to
opponents
who are given to Rambo-like outburst
She is gracious
even
to fed
e ral judges who
appear to
b
in
the
terminal
stages of
black
robe
disease .
As
to
the larger
courtesies
) Margy has taught m
the meaning of words that I had thought I alread
understood,
words
like sacrifice,
courage, and
especially -
compassion
. She
demonstrates
such qualiti
1
Meinhard
v
Salmon,
249
N Y
.
458,463-464
(1928)
(Cardozo,
J. .
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*
e are very
lucky
In the
course of
representing clients whose
needs
regularly
require
all
those qualities and many
more.
Her
representation of defendants
facing deportation
deserves
particular
note.
Margy is so very often the
person
who
has
to
explain
to a defendant what awaits him: a
prison sentence,
followed by indefinite detention by immigration officials,
then deportation.
No,
it does not matter that
his wife
and three children are American citizens . No , it does
not matter that he came here with his family when he
was
only two
years
old and that
he has
no memory of
his
home country, and cannot speak
even a
word of
its
language.
No,
he
will
never
be
able
to
come back, even if
a family
member is
sick
and dying
.
To
see
the despair
on
the faces of
these defendants, and their
families, makes
me embarrassed
to
think
of
the
emptiness of
my
own
notion
of
despair.
I
know
, I
know, that
the law
must be respected and
must
be
upheld. We
all
took oaths
to that end. I
certainly
do
not
suggest
that lawyers or
judges
have, or
should
have, a
roving commission
to
re-write
our nation's laws
in
difficult
cases .
But.. .but, Margy also understands that, after
justice has spoken, humanity
must
have its turn.
Her
understanding and compassion
for her
clients give
us reason to recall that our profession used to be
known
as that
of attorneys and
counselors-at-law. Margy sees,
better than anyone
I
know, what
happens when
the hard
edge
of
the law collides with the soft tissue
of
human
circumstance . She
brings
to
mind
Valt Whitman's self
description of
his
work as
a
nurse
in
the
Civil War:
I
do not
feel
sympathy
for the
wounded
soldier;
I become
that
soldier.
The
award presentation to Margy
cannot, though,
end on quite such a somber note . Instead, and because
this
evening
is for
those
who
practice
at
the
federal bar,
I want to make a historical point.
One
of the
thoughts
I have long entertained, since well before I started law
school, concerns the
possibility of our nation's
founders
paying
a visit to contemporary society, to see how
their
handiwork had turned
out. Imagine
any or all of
the 56
men who signed the Declaration of
Independence, or
the 39
who signed
the Constitution viewing,
forexampJe,
the guarantees
of
the
Bill
of
Rights as
reflected
in
EFEN ER
4
contemporary
practice.
I think they
would
be
at
least
bewildered
by no t
dismissive
or disapproving
of bu t
bewildered by
what had happened in the
name
of
the
First Amendment. They would not understand
radio,
TV
or
movies, much
less text
messaging
and
the
Internet.
As to the Second Amendment, they
would
likewise
be perplexed by the variety and sophistication of the
weapons that are now
available .
And,
with
respect to the
Fourth Amendment,
the founders would not understand
wire taps, because they would not understand
about
telephones.
They
certainly would
not
understand Global
Positioning Systems,
or
heat detection devices
.
But then
we
come
to
the Fifth, Sixth and Seventh
Amendments,
all
dealing with
one
aspect
or another
of
the
right
to jury trials,
the
only
right,
as
Justice
Scalia
has pointed out, expressly mentioned in both the
Declaration and
the Constitution . I
imagine
the
founders
walking
into tbe
middle
of a jury trial , preferably in
the Southern
District,
but, if not,
anywhere
else in our
country.
I
am convinced that
they
would
understand
immediately and fully
what
is going
on.
They
would
see an
elevated bench, and
a judge
sitting
on it
with
his
slightly
comical costume. They would see
12 citizens,
sworn
and true,
sitting
in
the
jury
box. And
they would
see
opposing counsel
performing
that most sacred of
duties -
representing
the totality of another
person's
legal rights in a proceeding tried to a jury of his peers.
The founders would
see
all of
this
and say to
themselves:
We did all right;
we
really
did
all right. Eleven, twelve
generations
later the system we put in place endures
without any material
modification.
But,
my ultimate fantasy , is that the founders
walk
into the middle of
a jury
trial at which
Mike
and
Margy are representing
their
respective clients.
The
founders would
then
say, We
did better
than all
right
.
We
did
extraordinarily
well
-
we
put
in place
a
system
that allows
individuals
of integrity and
brilliance
to
flourish . And, the founders would say to
us,
And,
how
extraordinarily lucky you are
that you
had
-
however
briefly
-
these two individuals
as your
colleagues and
your
friends.
And,
once again, we
would
conclude that the
founders
had
gotten
it 1 00% right - We are
very
lucky.
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Public Defender's Office Opinion
_
Editor s Note: Both of the following are presented without changes to contmt.
y
David Mitcham
for
PUBLIC DEFENDERS' OFFICE
Imagine having a library of testimony from every police
officer and every State expert at your disposal. Imagine
having canned briefs, citing
the
First
and
Fourteenth
Courts of Appeals, on virtually every significant criminal
law issue . Imagine all indigent defendants having an
appella te section for research
on
the
fly
d uri ng t r ial
just like the DA's Office. Imagine the chronically mentally
ill being processed
out
of the criminal justice system,
and into
a medical facility, within days of
their
arrest.
Most importantly, imagine the indigent defense bar having
a meaningful, institutional voice in the
government of our
criminal justice system . Right now the indigent defense bar
is
hundreds
of isolated voices, scattered across
the courts,
and largely without any influence over local justice policy.
A public
defender
office promises to change
all
of that.
Detractors say such an office will hurt the de fense bar
financially. They say Commissioner's Court will never fund
such an office properly.
They
say the
current appointment
system already works and, therefore, it shouldn ' t be
changed.
None of this is true .
The establishment of a public defender office
is not
going to hurt the defense bar financially
The
current
outline
for a
count
y PD Office
would
be a pilot
program
, putting
attorneys in
only
four of the
twenty-two
district
courts.
Even
in those four courts , the public defenders would handle a
minority of the
indigent
case load and the rest would still be
handled by the wheel. Moreover, the
attorneys working
for
the public defender office will
almost
certainly come from
the
ranks
of
the current indigent
defense bar.
Virtuall
y
every case assigned to a public defender will be a case
that the
same
attorney could have accepted as a private
practitioner . In essence, in the small number of cases
handled
by the PD's Office, the net result will be a zero
sum
gain
to the defense bar
at large . Even
assuming
the office is successful and grows, it will be many years
before the size significantly affects the private indigent
defense bar. In Dallas, th e office has been in
existence
for
over twenty years
and
it still handlesless than 50%
of
the
county's
indigent
caseload.
Cont
d on
pag
e 16
WHY
THE HCClA
UNDECIDED
SHOULD DECIDE agains
PUBLIC DEFENDER IN
HARRIS
COUNTY
Th
e recent poll of the membership suggests
that
,
to
the que
stion
of
whether or
nOt Commission's
Cou
should
establish a public defender' s office in
Harris
Co unt
HCCLA
is divided into
three
roughly equal groups: a thir
of
the members are for a
PD,
a
third is
against a
PD, and
tbird is
undecided
.
As
I
am of the
opinion
that
installing
PD office in Harris County
is
not a good idea, this opinio
piece
is directed toward those
lawyers
among
us who a
undecided, as
well as
those who
presently believe they a
in
favor
of
a
PD, but
still have an open
mind.
First, consider the
recent disturbing
media reports th
reveal
ho
w
PD
offices across the nation are in a full blow
financial crisis and appear in large measure
to
be fallin
apart at the seams.
Second
, the
court-
a
ppointed
syste
of
indigent
defense, with all its faults,
is
still superi
to
a PD
system
in that it can be improved with refor
measur
es
and
is
ultimately accountable
through
th
democratic process.
Finally, the collateral consequenc
of
installing
a
PD
office can be economically devastatin
to
the independent privat
e criminal defense bar,
whic
has traditionally
functioned as the
institutional guardia
of the right to
counsel
and
the
fundamental protection
contained
in
the Constitution
and Bill of
Rights
.
The
lead front
page story
in the Sunday,
November
2008
New
York
Times
began with
the headline: Citin
Workload
Public
Lawyers Re
ject New
Cases-
Revolt
Seven States - Fears
That the
Quality
of
Defense for th
Poor
is
Eroding. The
article
noted that
current
sta
budget cuts and
rapidly rising
workloads
ha ve presse
PD
offices to the breaking point. The Times reporte
that Public Defend
e
rs are notoriously overworked an
their
turnover
is high and their
pay low,
but that
no
they are in
open revolt.
Lawsuits have
sprung
up acro
seven states
wherein
lawyers in public
defender
offices a
suing
the state governmental
agencies that employ them
complaining that the
sheer volume
of cases they are require
to take renders them incapable of ethically provid.ing effecti
assistance of counsel. Cont d
o
page 7
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t i ; P a t e d
popcd tion gmwth,
and
the
certainty that criminal case filings
,rill
rise with
the
population, rest assured that the private indigent defense bar
will
have tremendous job security ,rith or without a public
defender's office.
Proper
funding is also
not
likely
to
be a
problem
in the
foreseeable future
and,
in any event, a public
defender will
be
in
an improved position
to
address money issues relating
to
indigent defense. Senator Rodney Ellis and the state's Task
Force on Indigent Defense are
committed
to making sure
the start-up costs of a public defender office are absorbed by
Austin. For
the
first five years of its existence,
the
financial
burden on Commissioner's Court
would
effectively be halved
by an influx of State money specifically directed to a
PD
Office.
s
a result,
the current
plan for payment parity with the
District Attorney's Office is realistic and likely to
be
followed .
To be sure, proper
hmding
and case load management will
require constant vigilance. But that would be
true
using any
indigent defense system and a unified, internal
government
voice, like a public defender,
will
be
in
a better
po
sition to
lobby Commissioner's Court, Austin and the various other
grant providers for the benefit of the entire indigent defense
bar. The public defender 's mission v ri ll include
improving
the
quality of indigent defense throughout the courthouse, nOt
just within the public defender office. Part of that mission
wiJI be to seek proper compensation for all local indigent
representation including the private indigent defense bar.
Lastiy, tile current system is not, and will never be ,
good enough
to
mal(e change obsolete. Change, progress
and experimentation
will
always be necessary
in our
justice
system. The proposal being studied by Commissioner's
UTHOR
BIOGR PHIES
Court
represents noiliing more than an experiment
to
see
if and how a public defender office might work in Harris
County. Public defender offices are used in every other major
American city
and
they are generally accepted in
otiler
legal
communities as essential and hmdamental to quality indigent
defense. There is
no
evidence
that
such an office
should
be
uniquely inapplicable to Harris County. If our community
wants
to
credibly claim an interest
in
protecting
the rights
of
tile
indigent
accused, we are obliged to
at
least try
what
has
worked in so many other jurisdictions. No one is suggesting
we destroy
the
current appointment system and no one wants
an ineffective public defender office just to have it.
The
idea
is simply that we try
something,
on a very limited basis, tilat
might lead to improvements in our justice system.
Our organization,
HCCLA,
has always been
committed
to improving tile quality ofjustice
in our
community. Through
tilis commitment to justice we have, ever so slowly, developed
credibility and influence on criminal justice issues with local
political stakeholders.
Ifwe,
as
an organization, seek
to
prevent
a public defender office, these stakeholders v.ri.ll assume our
opposition is motivated by financial paranoia. We will appear
greedy, disinterested n
the
fate of the indigent accused , and
we
,viLl
risk
squandering our
hard
won
credibility.
Further,
I
suspect a public defender office, in some form, already has
the requisite political support and will be enacted with or
witilout
our
involvement. If true, our opposition to a public
defender office
would
not only tarnish our
reputation
as an
advocate for justice, but eliminate our influence over the
office's development.
In sum, supporting the
creation of a
pilot project public
defender
office
is
not
onJy
the
right
thing
for our community, it is
the
right
thing
for HCCLA.
A 1998 graduate
of the
University
of
H o uston
Law Center, Mark Hochglaube is an HCCLA
board member and the HCCLA representative
to
the Ha rris County Commissioner's Court Publi c
Defender study team. H e is a solo practitioner with
a 99%
indigent
appointment practice.
DAVID MITCHAA1, Past President of
HCCLA
(1988-1989 ) is a graduate of the University
of
Texas Sch
oo
l
of
Law, licensed since 1979 and Board
Certified in Criminal Law by the Texas Board of Legal
Specialization since 1985. A former prosecutor with
the Harris County District Attorney's Office in the
early 1980 's, he was also the recipient of HCCLA's
Attorney of the Year Award for
hi
s Dedication
to
the Principals and
Ideas
of
American Justice
in
June
2001.
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cons
In
a Florida case, it was reported
that
the Miami-Dade
County
PD's
office was requiring their
attorneys to
take on
caseloads
of
500 felony cases or 2,225 misdemeanor cases
on
an annual basis.
The
paper
quoted Norman Lefstein, a Law professor
at
the
University
of
Indiana and an expert in
the
field, that in
his opinion, There should be
hundreds
of such lawsuits
by attorneys in PD offices across the nation.
On the individual level, the news story highlighted the
experience
of
30-year-old PD attorney Arthur Jones who
spent
a frantic
morning
in court handling the cases of 23
felony defendants charged with offenses
such
as burglary,
drug possession, and
grand
theft. The paper described his
docket as a treadmill of frustration. Most of his clients
had
never met him prior to
their
day in court, where their
felonies were
to
be disposed.
And
Mr.
Jones
was paid a salary
of
$44,000 a year for his labor as a
PD
lawyer;
not
enough
to support his family and pay his education loans. So Mr.
Jones
quit
his
PD
job on
the
following Monday after the
story went into print and headed
off
into private practice.
Now to all those undecided
HCCLA
Lawyers, I
sincerely ask
you,
is this the
situation
that we
need to
install
here in Harris County? Isn't our long-standing court
appointed system, with
all
its
admitted
imperfections,
substantially better for the clients, the lawyers and Justice
itself than
the
sorry state of affairs that now exists in PD
offices
all
across
the
countr
y
as
was
so
recently
reported
in
the New York Times .
I would further argue that the court-appointed system
is
superior to the
PD
system if for
no
other reason than
because in
the
court-appointed system there is democratic
accountability. Whatever problems exist in a
court
appointed system they are ultimately judge problems .
The buck stops at
the
bench
and the
person in
the
black
robe
is
the
responsible party. Since we can elect, and
un-elect,
our
judges here in Texas
there
is a sure remedy available
at
the
baltot box for any
egregious
court-appointed problem.
On
the
other hand
a
PD's
office
is
a
permanent
governmental
bureaucracy that once put n place is
not
thereafter ever directly
accountable
to
the voters or the democratic process .
NOW WHO DO
YOU e
e
d
THE
DEFEND
Finally, I
would
ask the
undecided
third
of us
consider that Harris
County
has long enjoyed a stron
and
independent
criminal defense
bar that
has historical
protected
the rights
of
accused
individuals. Cour
appointed Ja\vyers are all individuals in private practic
They
do not
work for the same
government
that see
to prosecute
their
accused clients. They are individu
la'vvyers
protecting
individual rights.
To
displace
an
replace them with government
employed
attorney
answerable to
their
PD
bureaucratic
superiors, with the
bureaucratic perspectives and
concerns,
will, over
tim
systematically undermine and erode the criminal bar
collective commitment to individual liberty.
As
to
the economic dimension
of
the controvers
a
PD's
office will, by its very nature, be an expandin
governmental
entity, ever poised
to
increase
turf
in
ord
to
justify
greater
future budgets for higher raises
an
promotions.
It
will begin by taking over the
docket
court-appointed
lawyers and then
go on to encroach
o
the working class and middle-class clientele of present
retained
counsel.
Displaced court-appointed lawyers th
do not enter
other fields of law, or
go out
of busine
altogether, wilt flood into the retained market furth
depressing
legal fees for those attorneys who
remain
private practice. Eventually
most
retained defense lawye
will be forced
out
like their
court-appointed
brethre
before
them
.
There
are
many jurisdictions
in
the
count
today where there is no criminal defense bar, like the
is in Harris
County, wherein
a lawyer
can make
a livin
practicing criminal defense .
It
is highly instructive th
they call it the Public Defender's
Office
rather
than
th
Indigent Defender's Office. For like Public Education
or Public
Transportation
the ultimate
bureaucrat
vision is to defend the
Public
not
just the
poor . Now
who do you defend?
For the
above reasons, and
for
others
that time
an
space do not here permit recounting, r urge that
undecided
HCCLA
members
investigate
the
fac
exercise a skeptical
judgment,
and reach a reasoned decisio
against the establishment of a public defender's office.
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,
ntUfFENDER
WINTER 08
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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT WESTERN
DISTRICT
OF TEXAS
MIDLAND-ODESSA
DIVISION
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
v ) CR. NO. MO 123456
)
JOHN J
GRINCH
DEFENDANT S FOURTH MOTION
FOR
CONTINUANCE
and
be continued for the
Now comes Robert Pelton, counsel for De fendant,
respectfully request the above styled case
following reasons:
IJ
s he
l f e e ~
b e ~ j ; t £
CHRISTMAS
(Twas the week before Christmas and ll
through
the land;
Th
e
courts
are all
quiet
except in Mid-land; In
ll
the high
courts it's quiet
s
a mouse; Judge
Thomas
and Scalia are
both at their house;
My grandkids say
"Paw
Paw where will you be?"
"Its
up
to
the
Judge,
I'll just wait
and
see";
Santa is loaded and \vaiting
to go; When
will he leave
...
I really don't know;
National security
IS
not
at stake; Please, your
honor,
Give us a break;
Since taking this case, I've tried my best; Please give me, your
Honor
a much needed rest; \Ve've been here three times and
never been late; Please re-set this case
til
March
of
'08.
Respectfully Submitted,
Robert
Pelton, President
1610 Richmond Avenue
Houston,
Texas
77006
713.524.8471 phone
713.529.2999
f x
II
Sorry, Santa,
but our naughty-or-
surveillance got cut
short
this year.
II
EFEN ER
Ad
Rates
FULL INSIDE PAGE [NON-COVER]
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THE
DEFEND
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CENSORED
CENSORED
REASONABLE DOUBT
TODD DUPONT
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APPLICATION
Applicant:
Mailing address:
BECOMING
MEMBER
HCCl
Promotes a
productive
exchange of ideas and
encourages
better communication with prosecutors and the judici ry
Provides continuing legal education programs for improving
advocacy skills and knowledge.
Promotes
a
ust application of the court appointed lawyer
system for indigent persons
charged
with criminal
offenses.
Rles
amicus
curiae
briefs
in
support
of
~ e e o m and
human rights.
Telephone:
Fax:
Email:
Website:
Firm Name:
Date admitted
to
bar:
Law school:
Professional organizations in which you a
re
a member in good standing
Type of membership:
o
Student ( 25 annual fee)
Expected graduation date: _
o
N
ewl
y licensed (first
ye
ar) attorney ( 75)
o Regular membership ( 150)
Date:
Signature of applicant:
Endorsement:
I, a member in good standing
of
HCCLA, believe this applica
to be a person of professional competency integrity and goo
moral character. The applicant
is
actively engaged in the
def
e
n
of criminal cases.
Date:
Signature of member:
Member name:
MAIL THIS
APPLICATION
TO
HCCLA
P.O . Box 924523 Houston, Texas 77292-4523
713.227.
2404
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