2005-10-31 satellite aerosol climatology
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Satellite Aerosol Climatology
Satellite – Surface Visibility Analysis, 1976
• First satellite aerosol paper, F. Parmenter, 1972• The relationship to surface aerosol was qualitatively established
Regional Haze
Low Visibility Hazy ‘Blobs’Lyons W.A., Husar R.B. Mon. Weather Rev. 1976
SMS GOES June 30 1975
Smoke Quantification is Elusive!
Satellite Integral: Height, Size, Composition
Satellite Smoke Sensing Issues
Clouds, snow, night – no dataColumn AOT can be optically thick Smoke reflectance (blue, yellow,
white) is hard to interpret
Smoke Plumes over the Southeast
• Satellite detection yields the origin and location is the shape of smoke plumes
• The influence of the smoke is to increase the reflectance ant short wavelength (0.4 mm)
• At longer wavelength, the aerosol reflectance is insignificant.
R 0.68 m
G 0.55 m
B 0.41 m
0.41 m
0.87 m
•
Kansas Agricultural Smoke, April 12, 2003
Fire Pixels PM25 Mass, FRM65 ug/m3 max
Organics35 ug/m3 max
Ag Fires
SeaWiFS, Refl SeaWiFS, AOT Col AOT Blue
ASOS Surface Bext
1200 ASOS Stations
Monte Carlo Dispersion Simulation
Surface wind 1200 Station ASOS
MM5?
z
T0
1 km
MIDDAY
NIGHT
MORNING
Mixingdepth
Subsidenceinversion
2000-2004 SeaWiFS Satellite AOTDaily and Climatology, 1 km resolution
Ready to be used by the community!
Bad Data
Idaho & Cal
Smoke
5 Year Median AOT, JJA EUS Haze
Atlanta
Appalachian AOT ‘hole’
SeaWiFS AOT – Summer 60 Percentile1 km Resolution
Seasonal Surface Reflectance, Eastern US
April 29, 2000, Day 120 July 18, 2000, Day 200 October 16, 2000, Day 290
Satellite Aerosol Optical Thickness Climatology
SeaWiFS Satellite, Summer 2000 - 2003
20 Percentile
99 Percentile90 Percentile
60 Percentile
Satellite AOT – Time Fraction (0-100%)SeaWiFS Satellite, Summer 2000 - 2003
Dec, Jan Feb
Sep, Oct, NovJun, Jul, Aug
Mar, Apr, May
Information Techology Vision Scenario: Smoke ImpactREASoN Project: Application of NASA ESE Data and Tools to Particulate Air Quality Management (PPT/PDF)
• Scenario: Smoke form Mexico causes record PM over the Eastern US.
• Goal: Detect smoke emission and predict PM and ozone
concentrationSupport air quality management and transportation safety
• Impacts: PM and ozone air quality episodes, AQ standard exceedanceTransportation safety risks due to reduced visibility
• Timeline: Routine satellite monitoring of fire and smokeThe smoke event triggers intensified sensing and analysisThe event is documented for science and management use
• Science/Air Quality Information Needs:Quantitative real-time fire & smoke emission monitoring PM, ozone forecast (3-5 days) based on smoke emissions data
• Information Technology Needs:Real-time access to routine and ad-hoc data and modelsAnalysis tools: browsing, fusion, data/model integrationDelivery of science-based event summary/forecast to air
quality and aviation safety managers and to the public
Record Smoke Impact on PM Concentrations
rhusar@me.wustl.edu, stefan@me.wustl.edu
Smoke Event
Satellite Data Us in PM Management:A Retrospective Assessment
Rudolf B. HusarCAPITA, Washington University
Presented at A&WMA’s 97th Annual Conference and Exhibition
June 22-27, Indianapolis, IN
MexicanSmoke
Real-Time Smoke Emission Estimation:Local Smoke Model with Data Assimilation
e..g. MM5 winds, plume model
Local Smoke Simulation Model
AOT Aer. Retrieval
Satellite Smoke
Visibility, AIRNOW
Surface Smoke
Assimilated Smoke Pattern
Continuous Smoke Emissions
Assimilated Smoke Emission for Available Data
Fire Pixel, Field Obs
Fire Loc, Energy
Assimilated Fire Location, Energy
NOAA, NASA, NFS NOAA, NASA, NFS NOAA, EPA, States
Emission Model
Land Vegetation
Fire ModelRegional AQ
Model
Current Air Quality Information Ecosystem:
‘Organic’
DataMart
VIEWS
NEISGEI
AIRNow
AQMod
DAACs
ASOS
NEI
Emission
IDEA
GASP
Missions
WeaMod
Forecast
GloMod
FireInv
Data Federation Distributed,
UniformAQ Forecasting
AQ Compliance
Status and Trends
Network Assess.
Data Processing Filtering, Aggregation, Fusion
Info Products Reports, Websites
Mediators
Future Federated Air Quality Information System
Federated Air Quality Data System - Draft
Text 1Text 2
Wrappers
Where?
What?
When?
Federate Data
Structuring Slice & Dice
Explore Data
Viewers Programs
Integrate
Understand
ESIP AQ Cluster 050510 Draft rhusar@me.wustl.edu
Run and click PPT Slideshow to see chart animations
Networking Reuse
Non-intrusive Linking & Mediation
Inform Public
AQ Compliance
Forecast AQ
Status & Trends
Satellite Devel.
Network Asses.
Manage Hazards
………
Info Needs
Reports
Data Users
EmissionSurface Satellite
Model
Single Datasets
Providers
Data Providers
DataFed Apprach
DataFed assumes spontaneous, autonomous emergence of AQ
data (a la nodes on Internet)
Non-intrusively wraps datasets for access by web services
WS-based mediators provide homogeneous data views e.g. geo-spatial, time...
Programming by End-user through Web Service composition
SeaWiFS Satellite
SeaWiFS Satellite
Aerosol Chemical
Air Trajectory
Map Boarder
VIEW by Web Service Composition
Some of the Tools Used in FASTNET
– Data Catalog– Data Browser– PlumeSim, Animator– Combined Aerosol Trajectory Tool (CATT)
Consoles: Data from diverse sources are displayed to create a rich context for exploration and analysis
CATT: Combined Aerosol Trajectory Tool for the browsing backtrajectories for specified chemical conditions
Viewer: General purpose spatio-temporal data browser and view editor applicable for all DataFed datasets
Summary
• Major advances in fire detection (fire pixels, burn scars)
• Satellite and surface smoke detection is also advanced
• Still smoke quantification is elusive
• Need to integrate the available sensory information
• Propose an IT – mediated collaborative approach
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