2003 1 fire safety & evacuation planning & spill control by david hendy (m.s.) environmental...

2003 www.hazwoper.net 1

Fire Safety &Evacuation Planning

& Spill Control

By David Hendy (M.S.) Environmental Health and Safety

2003 www.hazwoper.net 2

TopicsTopics• Fire in the united statesFire in the united states• Where fires occurWhere fires occur• Causes of fires and fire deathCauses of fires and fire death• Who is most at risk?Who is most at risk?• Fire safety - off-the-job• Fire safety - on-the-jobFire safety - on-the-job• Evacuation planning - off-the-job• Evacuation planning - on-the-job• Spills, containment, hazards, clean-up…..

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Fire in the United StatesFire in the United States The U.S. Has one of the highest fire death rates in the

industrialized world. For 1997, the U.S. Fire death rate was 15.2 deaths per million population.

Between 1993 and 1997, an average of 4,500 Americans lost their lives and another 26,500 were injured annually as the result of fire.

Fire is the third leading cause of accidental death in the home; At least 80 percent of all fire deaths occur in residences.

Direct property loss due to fires is estimated at $8.5 billion annually.

Hazard recognition for spills and fire in emergencies.

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Oil Spills and Fires

USA’s Largest Oil Spill Exxon ValdezMega Borg Tanker fire at Sea.

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Exxon Valdez• Here high pressure spraying was done but the

environmentalists said it killed marine life and did more harm than it did good.

• Spill techniques must also be considered with safety.

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Where Fires OccurWhere Fires Occur• 29 CFR 1926 Subpart F Fire Prevention and Protection

• 1,795,000 fires in the United States in 1997. Of these:

40% were Outside Fires

31% were Structure Fires

22% were Vehicle Fires

7 % were fires of other types

• Fires in the home most often start in the:Kitchen 29%

Bedroom 13%

Living Room 7%

Chimney 5%

Laundry Area 4%

• Fires in the Workplace most often start when:Electric and Welding

Chemical Reactions

Static Electricity and Sparks

Transferring Liquid

Heaters

• Three percent of deaths in 1996 in the workplace occurred from fire and explosions.

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Causes of Fires and Fire DeathCauses of Fires and Fire Death Worker Moving Drum With Forklift. While moving the

drum it leaked and was jolted a spark set it on fire burning the forklift operator.

Careless smoking in a cab of a Vacuum Truck vacuuming off gas vapors ignited he died.

Moving a Drum Unknown contents batteries worker had shifted the drums causing : The drum ignited blowing up he had to have emergency room care.

Arson is the third leading cause of residential fires and the second leading cause of residential fire deaths. In commercial properties, arson is the major cause of deaths, injuries, and dollar loss.

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Who is Most at Risk?Who is Most at Risk? Senior citizens and children under the age of five have the greatest risk of

fire death. The fire death risk among seniors is more than double the average

population. The fire death risk for children under age five is nearly double the risk of

the average population. Children under the age of ten accounted for an estimated 18 percent of all

fire deaths in 1995. Over 30 percent of the fires that kill young children are started by children

playing with fire. Men die or are injured in fires twice as often as women.. The person near the source of ignition is at greatest risk. Rescuers and responders may also be at risk close proximity of a fire.

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Fire Safety - Off-the-Job Do not trap electrical cords next to the wall where heat can

build up.

Take extra care when using portable heaters. Keep combustible items at least 3 feet away.

Only use lab-approved (UL) electric blankets & warmers.

Replace mattresses made before the 1973 Mattress Flammability Standard. Newer mattresses are safer!

Check your smoke detectors routinely and change batteries, at a minimum annually. Replace if > 10 years old.

Never Smoke in Bed!

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Fire Safety - On-the-JobFire Safety - On-the-Job Keep flammables away from ignition sources Utilize flammable storage cabinets Know your chemical properties (check the MSDS for

flammable/combustible information) Do not block fire extinguishers with equipment Utilize those with electrical

expertise/installations/assistance Do not overload outlets - use a track plug Practice good housekeeping techniques in the

lab/office/work area. Inspect wires for possible damage and replace as needed.

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Make sure everyone in your family knows and practices escape routes from every room in your home.

Remember to escape first, know how to notify the fire department, and when to call for help.

Never open doors that are hot to the touch.

Teach your family to stop, drop to the ground and roll if their clothes catch fire.

Designate a meeting place outside. Try to make it a location away from your home, but not necessarily across the street.

Teach your family to never re-enter a burning building.

Evacuation Planning - Off-the-Job

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Emergency Contingency Plan - On-the-Job Know the way out from your work area.

Know the location of the closest manual fire alarm station.

Know the location of the closest fire extinguisher.

In the event of a fire in a lab or work area dial the emergency number, evacuate the location or pull the manual fire alarm station.

Review the location of the meeting place for the group in the event of a emergency evacuation.

Utilize a check sheet to ensure everyone is accounted for. This re-emphasizes the importance of communication between team members.

Know your Emergency Contingency Plan.

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Training

• Your training now can save people and dollars later.

• Better to have and not need than to need and not have.

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Training also includes large scale simulations.• Boat handling and water safety in rivers and streams • Boom deployment and recovery in flowing water • Skimmer/pump selection and shoreline recovery systems • Spill Responder Safety • Personal Protective Equipment and Clothing • Shoreline cleanup • Ground water remediation techniques and instrumentation • Respiratory Protection • Decontamination of personnel and equipment • Constructing shoreline storage devices • Cascade booming and corralling oil • Containment of oil on land • Under flow dams • http://www.chicagosafetyinstitute.com/

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EPA Reporting must be done for spills.

• The EPA has a sheen rule.

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Dot Has Spill Reporting Too.The Office of Hazardous Materials Safety. For the Safe Transportation of Hazardous Materials

Human error is the probable cause of most transportation incidents and associated consequences involving the release of hazardous materials.

When are Hazardous Materials most hazardous? When they’re released! The scene of an incident can be chaotic, so the right actions may not always be obvious. Whom should I inform if I’m involved in an incident where a release or a suspected release of a hazardous material has taken place in transportation? The regulations in 49 CFR 171.15 and 171.16 govern such situations. Two phases of incident reporting are required in the regulations. Section 171.15 covers immediate telephonic notification following an incident and §171.16 outlines written reporting procedures; both sections are available here to view or print. Also available are the Incident Report Form 5800.1, a guidance document for preparing incident reports, the 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook, and tabular summaries of hazardous materials incidents by mode, year, state, hazard class, etc.

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DOT

Incident reporting requirements http://hazmat.dot.gov/enforce/spills/spills.htm

• Incident Reporting Requirements

49 CFR 171.15 -- Immediate Notice of Certain Hazardous Materials Incidents • 49 CFR 171.16 -- Detailed Hazardous Materials Incident Reports

• Immediate Notification Requirements

National Response Center • Report Forms

For incidents occurring ON OR AFTER January 1, 2005

Online Form

Paper Form

– Guidance and Instructions – Incident Report Summary of Changes

•

• XML

– Guidance and Instructions – Verification – Download XML Schema – XML Processing Error Messages

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DOTWhen are Hazardous Materials most hazardous? When they’re released!

The scene of an incident can be chaotic, so the right actions may not always be obvious. Whom should I inform if I’m involved in an incident where a release or a suspected release of a hazardous material has taken place in transportation? The regulations in 49 CFR 171.15 and 171.16 govern such situations. Two phases of incident reporting are required in the regulations. Section 171.15 covers immediate telephonic notification following an incident and §171.16 outlines written reporting procedures; both sections are available here to view or print. Also available are the Incident Report Form 5800.1, a guidance document for preparing incident reports, the 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook, and tabular summaries of hazardous materials incidents by mode, year, state, hazard class, etc.

For assistance in completing the Incident Report Form 5800.1 or any questions regarding the incident reporting requirements, please call the Hazardous Materials Information Center at 800-467-4922. You may also send your question in by email . For assistance call CHEMTRAC® (800) 424-9300

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National Response

Center

The NRC is the sole federal point of contact for reporting oil and chemical spills. If you have a spill to report, contact us via our toll-free number or check out our Web Site for additional information on reporting requirements and procedures. For those without 800 access, please contact us at (202) 267-2675. 

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A Spill incident reported now closed• NATIONAL RESPONSE TEAM

of the national oil and hazardous substances pollution contingency plan• G-OPF 2100 2nd St. S.W., Washington, DC 20593-0001

• 6 inch pipeline• 5 march, 2002• These reports describe significant environmental incidents reported to and tracked by the national

response center. They reflect both new incidents and follow-up information describing actions taken for previously reported events. The NRC publishes incident summary reports periodically upon receipt of documentary information from the federal on-scene coordinator.

• Occurrence date: 5 march• Location: St. Louis, MO• Source: 6 inch Pipeline Material: Gasoline/diesel mixture• Severity: Medium• Quantity discharged: 3150 gallons• Quantity in water: Unknown• Body of water affected: Old Gravois Creek Federal on-scene coordinator:• EPA region VII• On march 5, 2002, the national response center received a report regarding the rupture, due to unknown

causes, of a six inch gathering pipeline releasing a gasoline/diesel fuel mixture into old Gravois creek near St. Louis, MO through a storm drain. The initial report indicated that release had not been secured and that 75 barrels/3150 gallons of material had been spilled with an unknown amount entering the creek. The reporting party stated they are in the process of securing the release and a contractor has been hired. The federal on-scene coordinator is U. S. EPA region VII. Case closed.

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OPA 90OPA Overview

The Oil Pollution Act (OPA) was signed into law in August 1990, largely in response to rising public concern following the Exxon Valdez incident. The OPA improved the nation's ability to prevent and respond to oil spills by establishing provisions that expand the federal government's ability, and provide the money and resources necessary, to respond to oil spills. The OPA also created the national Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund, which is available to provide up to one billion dollars per spill incident.

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OPA 90 Cont.

In addition, the OPA provided new requirements for contingency planning both by government and industry. The National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP) has been expanded in a three-tiered approach: the Federal government is required to direct all public and private response efforts for certain types of spill events; Area Committees -- composed of federal, state, and local government officials -- must develop detailed, location-specific Area Contingency Plans; and owners or operators of vessels and certain facilities that pose a serious threat to the environment must prepare their own facility response plans.

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OPA 90 Cont.

Finally, the OPA increased penalties for regulatory noncompliance, broadened the response and enforcement authorities of the Federal government, and preserved State authority to establish law governing oil spill prevention and response.

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EPARegulates the Environment Protections

www.epa.govRegulates Above Ground Storage Tanks (ASTs)

• Small private fuel tank.

• These may be owned by a bulk distributor which has large facilities that must be in compliance with the EPA

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The public should be a prime concern.

• The community has a right to know and sometimes it is important to have good public relations as this PR professional was called in.

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Industrial ASTs• Spill countermeasures are used.

• Good tanks maintenance is a must to reduce corrosion of ASTs.

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Spills are disasters!

• Spill planning is important and is required by the local EPA that will send inspectors.

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ASTs Spill Preparedness.

• Spill Containment and Site Security.

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The following are spill pictures from the USEPA.

• Fire fighters use oil dry & dirt to soak up a oil spill.

• Dikes can also be made of dirt.

• Drainage ditches can divert spills too.

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Resources available?

• Equipment, manpower, foams, and training.

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Practice boom technique when you Golf!

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Marsh Spill• Sampling, this scientist is a little over confident

and not wearing PPE, what if they fall in the free product as the co-worker has. Safety should be paramount. When PPE is contaminated change it out / de-con in the decontamination area (re-suit).

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Oil recovery methods.

• This man has corralled a spill in a marsh.

Marshes are susceptible to pollution because of animals and the environment more than any other area.

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Booms!

• Here are a series of booms in the shallow river.

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Spills happen anytime day or night.• Are you prepared? The Ashland spill took two days to mobilize.

•The oil was carried by The oil was carried by the Monongahela River the Monongahela River into the Ohio River, into the Ohio River, temporarily temporarily contaminating drinking contaminating drinking water sources for an water sources for an estimated one million estimated one million people in Pennsylvania, people in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and West Virginia, and Ohio, contaminating Ohio, contaminating river ecosystems, killing river ecosystems, killing wildlife, damaging wildlife, damaging private property, and private property, and adversely affecting adversely affecting businesses in the area.businesses in the area.

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Tanks can collapse from overfilling.• This is a 750,000 Gal diesel spill at Ashland Oil.

Ashland Oil Spill In January 1988, a four-million gallon oil storage tank owned by Ashland Oil Company, Inc., split apart and collapsed at an Ashland oil storage facility located in Floreffe, Pennsylvania, near the Monongahela River.

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Try to learn as many spill recovery techniques as you can.Try to learn as many spill recovery techniques as you can.

SPILL

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Booms Cont.• Some work is hard and dangerous.

• Here we see a larger corral in a deeper River.

• Lifeline?

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Practice Emergency Response.• This time it’s only a

drill!• Wear your life jacket

at all times.• Secure items on the

boat to keep it from tipping.

• Watch out don’t get caught between the dock and boat Etc.

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Harm can occur.

• What can you do to prevent spills?

Cormoran

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There is environmental concerns.

• These responders have set up a bird wash.

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There are dangers if you are not ready!

• This man faces a severe inhalation hazard should the wind change. How do you evacuate once trapped in a plume of contaminant?

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This fire burned a long time.

• What size was the Fire Trucks tires Joe?

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Oil Fires

• Oil fire can be extremely dangerous that is why all that prevention is so important.

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Fires are dificult to fight without water.

• Always check your water supply and hose access.

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Hazmat Truck Fire

• Fire sometimes moves so fast there is not enough time to respond.

“Wanna smoke? You can hide and fool everyone but your not going to fool the vapor. “

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Disasters can happen.• Some jobs are just to big!

• Know when to evacuate before it is to late.

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Toxic Gases and Vapors can and do occur.

• These responders are dealing with toxic gases from this railroad car at their facility.

• Air monitoring is critical, don’t go running in!

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Accidents happen.

• Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion BLEVE.

• Do you know how to respond to save lives?

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Oil Spills Cont.

• Here is a VAC truck and skimmer operation being demonstrated.

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OTHER CONTAINER LEAKS

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Stay out of vacuum hoses can cause injuries.

This worker is not taped at the glove in a Dioxin contaminated soil vacuum.

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Valley Of The Drums• This site caused many of the rules today it was

outside of Louisville Kentucky. Drum roll please.

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Remediation may be the only solution in some cases.

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Site security must be maintained in some cases according to the

HAZWOPER RULE.

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Thank YouThe End!

THAT’S ALL FOLKS!