1g, 2g, 3g, 4g (regulation)
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8/12/2019 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G (Regulation)
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Comparison Of1G,2G,3G,4G
Networks
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Contents
First generation networks (1G)
Second generation networks (2G)
2.5G Third generation networks (3G)
Fourth generation networks (4G)
References
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First Generation Networks (1G)
First Constructed in late 1970s.
Analog Networks were used only for voice
communication and uses FDMA
Poor Hand Off, Dropped Connections, Low Capacityand No security.
AMPS, Paktel
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Second Generation Networks
(2G)
2G networks introduced Digital capabilities towireless in early 1990s uses TDMA and CDMA
High voice quality & basic data services likevoice mail. Limited browsing.
Circuit Switched Technology
Increased Capacity. Strong security
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Second Generation Networks
(2G)
Four major 2G systems are currently in use.
DAMPS (Digital AMPS now known as TDMA)
CDMA(IS 95) introduced by Qualcomm in 1995
Global System for Mobile Communications(GSM)
Most popular of the 2G networks.
Personal Digital Cellular (PDC) , largely used in Japan.
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Second Generation Networks
(2G)
GSM
Frequencies 900, 1800, 1900 MHz,
Data Rate is 9.6 Kbps.WAP Browsing,
Text Messaging,
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Interim standard -95
CDMA (IS-95)
Frequencies are 800 & 1900 MHz.
Data Rate 14.4 Kbps.
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FDMA
TDMA
CDMA
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Second & A Half Generation
Networks (2.5 G).
De-merits of 2G: Inefficient & Expensive provide very limited
data rates due to circuit switched technology.
Higher Capacity, Higher Data Transfer Rates& Global Roaming are the driving forces for
behind next generation(2.5 & 3G).
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Migration FromCircuit Switching
in to Packet
Switching.
10 times
greater datarate than 2GNetworks.
Only SoftwareUp-gradation
Requiredform 2G to
2.5 G.
Second & A Half Generation
Networks (2.5 G).
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Second & A Half Generation
Networks (2.5 G).
Two leading 2.5 G Network Protocols
GPRS : Frequencies Range 900,1800 & 1900 MHz.Theoretical Data Rate 115 to 144 Kbps
But realistic data transfer data rate 56 Kbps.
CDMA 2000 1x : Data Through put 144 Kbps.
Frequencies 800 , 1900 MHz.
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Thi d G i N k
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Third Generation Networks
(3 G).
History :-
The Vision to develop a single global standard for
high speed & voice quality voice services.
The Goal is a single standard , true global roaming
for all users worldwide.
3GPP ( Third Generation Partnerships Project).This is doing behind the development of 3G
standards
Thi d G i N k
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Third Generation Networks
(3 G).
ITU approved an industry standard for 3Gwireless systems known as
IMT-2000(International MobileTelecommunication-2000).
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3G
1- WCDMA(UMTS) mostly
deployed in Europe.
2- CDMA2000 1xEV
3-EDGE (EnhancedData Rates for
Global Evolution)
3G networks
Thi d G i N k
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Third Generation Networks
(3 G). IMT-2000
Two main enhancement characterize 3G Networks.1- Higher Data Rates:-
a) High Mobility: 144 Kbps for outdoor rural users whotraveling at speed greater than 120 Km/Hr.
b) Full Mobility : 384 Kbps for uses traveling less than120 Km /Hr in urban areas.
c) Limited Mobility: 2 Mbps for users who are moving atless than 10 Km per hour
Thi d G ti N t k
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Third Generation Networks
(3 G). IMT-2000
2- Enhanced Quality Of Service:-
QoS is supported from end to end in 3G systems.
This allows users to establish agreements withnetwork operators for certain network
properties i.e. data transfer and network latency.
Thi d G ti N t k
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Third Generation Networks
(3 G).
3G Networks are IP based .
3G Devices
1. Support for multimedia content such as video
streaming.2. Large, highresolution screens
3. PDAs.
4. Integrated voice & data as in high-end smartphones
Appli ti n
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StreamingVideo
applications.
Downloadaudio such
as MP3s.
Voice over
IP.
Multimedia
MessagingServices.
Applications
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Evolution to 3G
TDMA
GSM
CDMA CDMA20001X
GPRS
CDMA 2000 1XEV
WCDMA
EDGE3G2.5 G
2 G
9.6 kbps,1990s
30-144 kbps,2001-02
384 kbps.2002
2 Mbps2003-04
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4thGeneration Networks
(4 G).
4Gis the short term forfourth-generation wireless.It isexpected that end-to-end IPand high-quality streamingvideo will be among 4G's
distinguishing features.
A 4Gsystem will be able toprovide a comprehensive IPsolution where voice , data and
streamed multimedia can begiven to the users on
Anytime Anywhere basis andhigher data rates than the
previous generations.
It will be a fully IP basedintegrated system capable ofproviding between 100 Mbpsto 1 Gbps in both indoor andoutdoor with premium quality
and high security.
http://searchunifiedcommunications.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid186_gci214031,00.htmlhttp://searchunifiedcommunications.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid186_gci214031,00.html -
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MAGIC
Mobile multimedia
Anytime Anywhere
Global mobility support
Integrated wireless and
Customized personalizedservices.
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APPLICATIONS
The applications of 4Gare called KILLERAPPLICATIONs as it is going to bring torevolution in the internet world.
-- High Speed Data Rate due to which a movie canbe downloaded in 2 to 3 minutes.
-- More Security -- Video Conferencing
-- Higher Bandwidth -- Global Roaming
FUTURE OF 4G:5G (completed
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FUTURE OF 4G:5G (completedWWWW:
World Wide Wireless Web):The idea of WWWW, World Wide Wireless Web, isstarted from 4Gtechnologies. The following
evolution will based on 4Gandcompleted its idea toform a REAL wireless world. Thus, 5G should make animportant differenceandadd more services andbenefit to the world over 4G; 5G should be a more
intelligent technology that interconnects the entireworld without limits
3G V 4G
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3G Vs 4G
The following table shows comparisons between some key parametersof 3G Vs possible 4G systems.
3G 4G
Frequency Band 1.8 - 2.5 GHz 28 GHzBandwidth 5-20 MHz 5-20 MHzData rate Up to 2Mbps ( 384 kbps WAN) Up to 20 Mbps
or more.
Access Wideband CDMA Multi-carrier- CDMASwitching Circuit/Packet Packet
Mobile top speeds 200 kmph 200 kmph
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R f
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References
Part of the slides are adapted from the slides ofPosco Tso, Harish Vishwanath, Erran Li and
Justino Lorenco, Saro Velrajan and TCL India
http://webpages.uncc.edu/~zli19/4g.htm
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THANK YOU
BY
A.RAJESH
2ndECE-B
2201411205
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