19-soc1ch1.ppt
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WELCOME!
Introduction To Sociology
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What is Sociology?
Doob - ...is the scientific study of human behavior ingroups and of the social forces that influence that
behavior.
...the scientific study of human society and social behavior.
Sociology - A systematic and objective study of society and social behavior.
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What do we mean by systematic?...use of
science, scientific method. Empirical, rather than pre-science method. How
do we know? The ways of establishing facts.
Pre-Science Method: Authority
Intuition Logic
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Positivism-
...the use of scientific method and empirical analysisto understand human behavior.
What is empiricism?
Empirical Analysis- the use of human senses or
“sense perception.” Observation- use of your senses to observe the
world.
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Objective-
...unbiased, no preconceived notions....do
you have any preconceived notions aboutpeople? Based on what?
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Basic Postulates of Science
Definite Order of Recurrent Events
Knowledge is Superior to Ignorance
Communication is Based on Sense Perception
There are Cause and Effect Relationships Withinthe Physical and Social Order
Scientist/Observer Has the Capacity toConceptually Relate and Assign Meaning
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Science Is:
Theoretical
Empirical
Logical
Cumulative Subject to Reliable Checking
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Early Sociologist
Henri de Saint-Simon
Auguste Comte
Herbert Spencer
Karl Marx Emile Durkheim
Max Weber
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Society- A comprehensive social grouping thatincludes all the social institutions required to meet
basic human needs.
Social Institution- A process or association that ishighly organized, systematized and stable.
Political
Education
Religion
Economics
Family
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Theoretical Perspectives Functionalism-
…theory stressing the contributions made by socialor cultural phenomena to the system of which they
are a part. Interrelated social structures that fit
together to form an integrated whole
(an overriding concern with the conditions of equilibrium, stability and maximum efficiency.)
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Theoretical Perspectives - Cont’d
Conflict Theory-
…a theoretical perspective that emphasizes conflict,contradiction, inequality, and injustice as permanent
aspects of society and a major source of socialchange.
Whereas structural-functional theory sees the worldin terms of consensus and stability, conflict theory
sees the world in terms of conflict and change.
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